Indirect Communication Style Research Articles

"MYSTERIOUS ALBION": NEGOTIATION BEHAVIOR PATTERN OF THE BRITISH

The article examines the main features that exist in the diplomatic and business culture of the British. First of all, it is restraint and self-control that are manifested as in words and expressed feelings as in non-verbal communication. The British demonstrate respect for an interlocutor and adhere to high standards of politeness. Their practical mindset allows them to be flexible in finding negotiated solutions. They are ready to take risks, they work out various ways to reach agreements, and they can abandon their initial approach if the situation requires it, and find a completely new solution. Foreigners may perceive the self–confidence and self-esteem of the British as arrogance, and they also may perceive the evasiveness, indirect communication style, and desire to observe the proprieties and to demonstrate emphasized friendliness that are distinctive to the British negotiation culture as insincerity and hypocrisy. A high degree of idiomaticity in the modern English language may create additional difficulties in understanding the British people. As in other cultures, the behavior of the British is influenced by the social environment where personality formation goes together with the features and the level of education. It is important to take into account that the culture of individualism which is inherent in the British society encourages freedom of self-expression. Therefore, along with taking into account the "cultural standards" of the behavior of the British, it is necessary to know the personal style of communication of a particular interlocutor.

Linguistic Accommodation in Multilingual Conversations: A Cross-Cultural Study of Pakistan

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cultural values and communication styles in Pakistan. To achieve this aim, a sociolinguistic approach was adopted, and participants were selected from diverse cultural backgrounds across the country, including KPK, Punjab, Balochistan, Sindh, Gilgit Baltistan, and AJK. The study used a qualitative research design, specifically semi-structured interviews, to collect data. This approach allowed for an in-depth exploration of the participants' communication experiences and cultural values, providing rich insights into the intersection of culture and communication. The findings of the study highlight the significant impact of cultural values on communication styles in Pakistan. The study identified that people from different cultural backgrounds have distinct communication styles, which are shaped by their cultural values. For instance, the study found that collectivist cultures tend to use indirect communication styles and avoid direct conflict, while high-context cultures require more attention to nonverbal cues for effective communication. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between cultural values and communication styles in Pakistan. The findings have implications for individuals and organizations seeking to navigate intercultural communication in the country and contribute to the broader literature on culture and communication. The study's methodology and approach can also serve as a useful model for future research on intercultural communication in other contexts.

Direct and Indirect Communication Styles in Turkish and German Idioms: A Cultural Linguistic Analysis

Her toplumun kendine özgü kültürel özellikleri vardır ve her insan bu kültürel birikimin içine doğar. Sahip olunan bu kültürel özellikler insanların davranışlarını etkilediği gibi iletişim şeklini de etkiler. Bu konu hakkında yapılan kültürlerarası araştırmalar Türk kültüründe olduğu gibi akraba, arkadaş ve aile bağlarını korumanın ve çatışmalardan kaçınmanın önemli olduğu yüksek bağlamlı kültürlerde, grup ahengini korumak için iletişim esnasında geniş kapsamlı mesajların kullanıldığı, daha karmaşık, dolaylı bir iletişim şeklinin tercih edildiğini göstermiştir. Alman kültürü gibi iletişim esnasında beklenmeyen durumlarla karşılaşma endişesinin çok az olduğu düşük bağlamlı kültürlerde ise bireyler, duygu, düşünce ya da isteklerini doğrudan, açıkça ve anlaşılır kelimelerle bildirirler. Bu tür bir kültüre mensup toplumlarda iletişim esnasında yalnızca gerekli bilgiler verilir, gereğinden fazla bilgi verilmekten kaçınılır. Bu durumdan yola çıkarak bu çalışmada, kültürlerin özlü anlamlar içeren ürünleri olan ve anlatılması zor durumları kısa ve etkili bir şekilde ifade etmek için sıkça kullandığımız Türkçe ve Almanca deyimlerdeki dolayı ve doğrudan iletişim biçemleri, kültürdilbilimsel açıdan incelenip kültürlerarası iletişim kuramları çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda yukarıda bahsedilen iletişim şekli olgularının Türkçe ve Almanca deyimlere yansıdığı tespit edilmiş ve Almancada doğrudan iletişim şeklini içeren deyim sayısının, aynı konuyu içeren Türkçe deyim sayısından fazla olduğu, dolaylı iletişim olgusunu içeren Türkçe deyimlerde ise tam tersi bir durumun söz konusu olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

The Beauty of Ambiguity: Implications of Leader Indirect Communication on Team Effectiveness

Communication is essential to leadership. Despite the benefits of a indirect communication style being broadly recognized in social psychology and political science literature, little is known about the impact of a leader’s indirect communication style at the workplace. The current research raises the questions of when and how leader indirect communication would exert positive influences on team-focused processes and effectiveness. Drawing on uncertainty reduction theory, we propose that for teams with higher team-member exchange quality, leader indirect communication is more likely to create team reflexivity, which in turn enhance team performance and team creativity. Using a multi-wave and multi-source survey from 87 teams, we find support for this hypothesized model. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings, in particular regarding leader indirect communication as an emerging topic in leadership research.

The Feature of Female Language in the Novel Love Rosie

This journal investigated the feature of female language in the Novel entitled Love Rosie. There are two objectives of this research; 1) to identify the type of feature female language used by the main character in the novel Love Rosie and 2) to describe which female language feature supports the communication style. The type of research was qualitative descriptive because the data were analyzed and described in the form of words and sentences. The data were taken from the conversations that is uttered by the main character of Love Rosie the novel. The conversation in the novel was taken out as the primary data. The theory used in this research is the sociolinguistics analysis using Robin Lakoff's theory of female language feature and supported by Deborah Tannen's theory of communication styles in women's conversation. The result of the research, the researcher found that the features of female language found in the novel Love Rosie there are eight types, super polite forms, tag questions, empty adjectives, logical hedges, strong avoidance of words, price color terms, intensifiers, and emphatic stress. The female language feature that is the most widely used main character supports the communication style that tends to use indirect communication styles.

When Words Are Rolled into a Ball: Translating Figurative Language in Africa

This article examines differences between direct and indirect communication styles and describes the results of applying translation theory developed under the assumptions of the direct communication style. It discusses the role of metaphor, poetry, and proverbs in Africa, and explores the question of how indirect communication should be represented in translation.

The impact of communication style on psychological comfort and trust in audit services

PurposeThis study aims to examine the extent to which clients’ perceptions of a financial auditor’s communication style affect their psychological comfort and trust when considering whether to retain the incumbent firm for future financial audits.Design/methodology/approachA multistage method was used comprising integrated results from a literature review and findings from five in-depth interviews with chief financial officers of listed firms. A cross-sectional survey then yielded valid responses from 190 incorporated firms listed on The Stock Exchange of Thailand or Market for Alternative Investment.FindingsThe results reveal that, consistent with social interaction theory, an affiliation communication style positively influenced client’s psychological comfort and trust in an auditor. On the other hand, a dominant communications style negatively impacted psychological comfort. Cognitive social capital was found to moderate the links between dominant communication–psychological comfort, psychological comfort–trust and trust–relationship commitment.Practical implicationsFrom a managerial perspective, an affiliation communication style is fundamental for building client comfort and trust, especially for professional service firms, but especially in Eastern collectivist cultures that are relationship rich, where people seek to avoid conflict and prefer indirect communication styles over more direct styles.Originality/valueThis research highlights the central role that interpersonal communication style plays in developing psychological comfort and trust with a professional service firm. In addition, this study introduces the role of client psychological comfort as a key mediator between communications and trust.

Особенности политических коммуникаций на Востоке: проблема преодоления социокультурных барьеров

The article deals with the basic principles and rules of discourse eastern negotiation, you need to know to effectively manage the communication process in the countries of the East. The author notes that the political communication in the East have a bright national specifics, here specific relation to time and space, the culture and traditions. Of particular importance are high context negotiation communication, a high content of non-verbal signs, indirect communication style, expressed the emphasis on personal connections and relations, underlined the value status. Despite the fact that the East is represented by a variety of national cultures, its system of political communications is woven from a large number of original negotiating practices, we can talk about the features of the eastern negotiating culture in general, because some of the important principles of communication common to most Eastern cultures. The article substantiates the conclusion that the basic characteristics of the eastern negotiating culture significantly different from the Russian and Western, but the sociocultural barriers can be overcome, if we pay attention to the basic rules of discourse eastern and eastern wisdom.

Portuguese cultural standards from an Austrian perspective

The goal of this paper is to identify Portuguese cultural standards from the perspective of Austrian culture.The Cultural Standards Method is based on interviews with members of one culture who have extended working experience in a different culture. This method, based on a qualitative research approach, seeks to identify cultural differences on a subtler level than more traditional methods, such as cultural dimensions.The Portuguese cultural standards identified through interviews with 20 Austrians are as follows: fluid time management, relaxed attitude towards professional performance, importance of social relationships, bureaucracy and slow decision-making processes, indirect communication style, and flexible planning and organisational skills.

‘Fraternity in diversity’ or ‘feudal fanatics’? Representations of ethnicity in Rwandan presidential rhetoric

ABSTRACTBetween independence in 1962 and the genocide in 1994, only two presidents ruled Rwanda. In addition to the enormous economic and developmental challenges that faced Presidents Grégoire Kayibanda (1962–73) and Juvénal Habyarimana (1973–94), each had to manage the ethnic divisions that plagued the country. In this paper Mayersen explores how each president discussed the issue of ethnicity in presidential speeches, interviews and key policy documents. Ostensibly, Presidents Kayibanda and Habyarimana both promoted national unity and advocated allegiance to a unified Rwandan identity rather than a focus on ethnicity. President Kayibanda called for ‘tolerance and understanding between the ethnicities’, while Habyarimana entreated Rwandans to ‘love your countrymen without distinction of ethnic or regional origin’. Yet in the allusive and indirect communication style typical of Rwandan discourse, underneath the presidential promotion of unity was a more complex message. Mayersen argues that the way each president addressed the issue served to maintain a high level of consciousness regarding ethnicity, and contributed to ongoing ethnic disharmony.

REVIEW OF INDIAN WORK CULTURE AND CHALLENGES FACED BY INDIANS IN THE ERA OF GLOBALISATION

WORK CULTURE may be defined as the rules/regulations, policies, Practices, traditions/rituals and values/beliefs of the organisation. The business culture of India is a reflection of the various norms and standards followed by its people . In the United States, the work environment is professional and causal . Today’s companies have a world of opportunities. The challenge lies in accessing them. Technology has made it possible for companies to expand into international markets. The advent of globalization made business enterprises and employees to work across the borders of various countries, thus providing exposure to cross cultural working environment to both the organizations and employees. This eliminated the huge gap between the work culture of India and other countries to some extent. This paper is outcome of a review of Indian work culture and work culture in U.S.A. This paper examines some differences between Indian work environment and American work environment .There are differences in working hours, work- life balance, relationship between Boss and subordinates, performance appraisals, accepting changes etc. It raises challenges that are being faced by Indian offshore teams in working with Americans- language barrier, hierarchy in Indian organisations , indirect communication style, time orientation, hard work vis-à-vis smart work etc.

A Double Standard in Bioethical Reasoning for Disclosure of Advanced Cancer Diagnoses in Japan

This article examines the Japanese double standard in bioethical reasoning with respect to disclosure of advanced cancer diagnoses. This article is devoted to the analysis of communication styles preferred among the Japanese across different hypothetical situations involving cancer as one's own illness as opposed to cancer as a family member's illness. Generally, the Japanese prefer the use of a direct communication style, involving disclosure of the true diagnosis for their own cancer. When cancer is a family member's illness, however, many Japanese perceive the use of an indirect communication style, involving no disclosure or ambiguous disclosure to the patient more ethical than direct communication of the diagnosis. This article explores how and why the Japanese use this double standard when making judgments about the morality of disclosing an advanced cancer diagnosis to the patient. Policy and educational implications for reconciling such a double standard in bioethical reasoning for cancer disclosure are discussed as conclusions.

Ericksonian hypnotic framework for Asian-Americans.

Abstract The underutilization of psychotherapy by Asian Americans appears to be strongly related to cultural factors, which suggests a dire need to broaden the assumptions and pragmatics of traditional psychotherapy to recognize and accommodate the Asian American worldview, values, and communication style and patterns. The Ericksonian framework utilizing “pacing,” giving directives, indirect communication style, and avoidance of overt self-exploration is viewed as being compatible with the asymmetrical nature of relationships among Asian Americans, their indirect communication style, and their expectation for structure and tangible changes in therapy. The adaptation of this approach for Asian Americans is also conceptualized as avoiding direct, premature confrontation and “loss of face” for Asian American clients.