Indirect Carbon Dioxide Emissions Research Articles

Role of Flexible Operation of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in the Reduction of Its Indirect Carbon Dioxide Emissions—A Case Study

The increasing share of renewables in electricity grids comes with a challenge of energy surpluses and deficits, which needs be handled by demand side management (DSM) and storage options. Within this approach, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), with flexible energy consumption and production processes and storage units, can contribute to stabilizing the grids and integrating more renewables. In this study, the operation of a real WWTP was optimized by mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to minimize its indirect carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The operation of the WWTP was shown to be flexible in following the CO2 emission factor of the electricity grid, which was possible with the utilization of the WWTP’s storage units and flexible co-substrate feeding. As a result, by changing only the operational behavior of the WWTP, its indirect CO2 emissions decreased by 4.8% due to the higher share of renewables in the electricity grid. The CO2 emissions were shown to decrease further up to 6.9% by adding virtual storage units.

Process development for a novel polygeneration purpose based on tars produced by a biomass gasification unit; feasibility study from the thermodynamic, economic, and environmental viewpoints

The tar produced by biomass gasification can be challenging to handle in processing units. To address this issue, a new polygeneration structure based on tar combustion has been designed in this study. This structure has been developed using Aspen HYSYS software and consists of subsystems, including the tar combustion section integrated with a gas turbine cycle, a low-grade temperature section, a Goswami utility section, and a hydrogen production section. The products of this structure are 7920.65 kg/s of hot water, 33.52 kg/s of cold water, 0.56 kg/s of hydrogen, 4.444 kg/s of oxygen, and 222100 kW of power. The system is examined from various perspectives: energy, exergy, environment, and economics. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies are 89.72% and 54.53%, respectively. The exergy analysis exhibits a total irreversibility of 859,492 kW, in which the low-grade temperature section has the highest exergy destruction with a share of 72%. Accordingly, the environmental analysis demonstrates that the new process has zero indirect carbon dioxide emissions, and its footprint is equivalent to 0.22 kgCO2/kWh. Also, the products have been produced according to economic estimates with a cost of energy of 0.0068 $/kWh and a total unit cost of products of 0.0274 $/GJ.

Techno-Economic Analysis of Electrochemical Refineries Using Solid Oxide Cells for Oxidative Coupling of Methane

With the shift away from fossil resources, there is a need for alternative pathways to carbon-based commodities such as ethylene. The electrochemical oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) enables the synthesis of higher hydrocarbons from simple organic molecules i.e., methane and has the potential to replace conventional ethylene production in the future. However, current solid oxide OCM cell development is still in an early stage and more comprehensive system-level analyses are needed to better understand operating conditions and economics to guide research and development. For this purpose, process models and new integration strategies for the electrochemical OCM process were developed. The integration of the electrochemical OCM unit into the plant revealed to be challenging based on current solid oxide cell designs and will be discussed as part of this presentation. The performance of the OCM plant is benchmarked against current state-of-the-art ethane steam cracker plants. In this context, key performance metrics are efficiency, direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions, power consumption, plant cost and cost of ethylene. Of particular interest are aspects of hydrogen co-production and carbon dioxide utilization as well as the impact of carbon dioxide emission factors from the grid, which have shown to be of particular importance for electrochemical processes. Moreover, critical aspects of heat integration will be discussed including fuel pre-heating, carbon deposition and thermal cell management. The analysis will provide new insights into economic cost driving factors and the impact of cell cost, current density, overpotentials and Faraday efficiency upon the cost of ethylene. Based upon this information, performance targets will be recommended that will allow electrochemical OCM to become economically competitive in a free market environment.

Carbon footprint: IPCC targets vs. building and social standards

Residential buildings in Russia consume electricity, natural gas, thermal energy for home and water heating, as well as other resources from external suppliers. Such resource consumption results in direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions that affect the environment. Sustainable development requires the humanity to fit the environmental carrying capacity, and measures against climate change require carbon emissions to reduce. This paper compares carbon footprint reduction target declared by UNCC Conference 2015 and the Paris Agreement, as well as targets offered by other environmental institutions, to carbon emissions arising from existing Russian building standards and social norms application, and actual data. Building standards set the amount of heat per square meter to be delivered to apartment buildings depending on its geographic location, while social norms set a minimal premises area per resident. Also social standards for electricity and natural gas consumption per person exist. Russian Government decrees regulate utility services parameters for apartment and residential buildings, setting hot water temperature and consumption standards per resident and for common household needs. These norms and standards permit the minimal carbon dioxide emissions per year per resident to assess and compare to the carbon footprint reduction target. This paper demonstrates that existing Russian building standards and norms result in carbon emissions per capita significantly exceeding the targets, and recommends standards and norms update to reduce carbon footprint, admitting at the same time that such update is only a step towards the Paris Agreement targets.

Carbon Emission and Structure Analysis of Transport Industry Based on Input-output Method: China as an Example

Due to its enormous carbon dioxide emissions, China's transport industry has become a key area for energy conservation and emission reduction. In this study, we employ the input-output method to examine the carbon dioxide emissions caused by the transport industry's energy consumption. In addition, the structure decomposition method is used to analyze the transport industry's carbon dioxide emissions in depth. The results of the research work deserve the attention of policy makers. First, the direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions of road transport account for 53 % and 47 % of the transport industry. Second, the direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions caused by consumption expenditure account for 55 % and 56 % of the final use structure respectively. Third, the carbon dioxide emissions produced by the five heavy industries when meeting the final use of the transport industry account for 75 % of all industries. Fourth, the adjustment of energy structure and energy intensity is expected to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of the transport industry by 101,963 and 128,313kt in 2035 compared with the baseline scenario. The results indicate that, to control carbon dioxide emissions in the transport industry, special attention should be paid to road transport activity, consumption expenditure in the transport industry, the influence of other heavy industries, the adjustment of energy structure and energy intensity. Consequently, informatization of road transportation, development of public transportation, investment in high-tech industries, and aggressive development of clean energy become essential strategies.

Carbon neutral and techno-economic analysis for sewage treatment plants

Sewage treatment plants consume great lots of power and result in a large amount of indirect carbon dioxide emissions. Four typical energy conservation and emission reduction technologies were selected for sewage treatment plants, included reclaimed water source heat pump for heating, reclaimed water source heat pump for sludge drying, sludge anaerobic digestion technology with a biogas cogeneration system and photovoltaic power generation. The carbon neutral, energy and economic analysis model were established for the four typical technologies. The results show that reclaimed water source heat pump can achieve a higher carbon neutrality effect than sludge anaerobic digestion technology with a biogas cogeneration system. The reclaimed water source heat pump for sludge drying can recover a large amount of waste heat. The payback period of photovoltaic power generation is more sensitive to the electricity price changes, while reclaimed water source heat pump for heating is more sensitive to the heat price changes. From the discussion, Z-value have a greater effect on the reclaimed water source heat pump for heating. With the treatment load of the sewage plants increases, the reclaimed water source heat pump can achieve a higher carbon neutrality effect. The application of photovoltaic power generation needs to consider the geographical location, and it can achieve higher carbon neutral efficiency in rich solar energy resources areas. A combined district heating method with reclaimed water source heat pump is proposed to expand the district heating radius of the reclaimed water source heat pump, and improve waste heat recovery efficiency in sewage. • Green technology for sewage treatment plants are studied by carbon neutral, energy and economic analysis. • Multi-factor and sensitivity analysis of technical methods are established. • Sludge drying is a better technical route in sewage treatment plants.

Experimental assessments on R430A as an environment-friendly replacement to R134a in vehicle air conditioners

The direct emission of refrigerants from air conditioners and indirect carbon dioxide emissions from its associated energy usage in vehicles contributes significantly toward global warming. The primary objectives of this investigation are to present the performance comparisons and highlight the environmental benefits of R430A as a replacement to R134a in vehicle air conditioners. The influences of seven critical parameters such as compressor angular velocity, ambient temperature, condenser air velocity, evaporator air velocity, passenger load capacity, relative humidity and solar radiation were considered for thermodynamic analysis of vehicle air conditioners. The experimental results revealed that the R430A has 4–10% higher refrigeration effect, 4–11% lower compressor power consumption, 7–12% higher coefficient of performance and 5–12% lower exergy destructions than R134a. The discharge temperature in the compressor of vehicle air conditioners using R430A was found to be 2–6 °C higher than R134a. The lubricants used in R134a systems were found physically stable at 6 °C elevated temperatures. The R430A has lesser total equivalent global warming potential by 32–40%, 30–35% and 44–50% than R134a in petrol, diesel and liquefied petroleum gas-fuelled vehicles.

Indirect carbon dioxide emissions from interregional trade in Japan under the target of carbon neutrality

With Japan’s emphasis on domestic demand and the gradual expansion of interregional trade, indirect carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become an important factor limiting Japan’s realization of carbon neutrality in 2050. In this study, using regional trade data, input-output analysis was applied to study indirect CO2 emissions from the domestic exports/imports of 30 prefectures in Japan in 2010, and log-mean Divisia index decomposition analysis was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the net indirect CO2 emissions of each prefecture. The main results are as follows: (1) some manufacturing prefectures with obvious characteristics of an export-oriented economy supply the market demand of most areas in Japan with their industrial products and have become the main net CO2 exporters undertaking the vast majority of CO2 emission reduction tasks; (2) consumer prefectures not only guide the output of manufacturing prefectures to a certain extent but also export a substantial amount of indirect CO2 emissions to other prefectures through the service industry, which is widely seen as a low-carbon emitter and is as such neglected by regulations aimed at reducing emissions. Therefore, the implementation of carbon neutrality needs to balance the relationship between production and consumption. While reforming the technology of the manufacturing prefecture from the production side to reduce CO2 emissions, the market demand of the consumer prefecture should also be adjusted from the consumption side to enhance the concept of sustainable consumption.

Energetic and Ecologic Heat Pumps Evaluation in Poland

The purpose of the work is a comparison of indirect carbon dioxide emissions between the different heat pump types that operate in Polish climate conditions. The analysis embraces air-to-water heat pump, ground-to-water heat pump, water-to-water heat pump and water-to-water heat pump with separating heat exchanger in the selected towns one in each climatic zone in the country. The study starts from determining seasonal coefficient of performance in each location using heating degree days to estimate seasonal heat demand. Seasonal coefficient of performance values enable an assessment which kind of heat pump meets the European Union requirements in every location. Eventually, indirect CO2 emissions that is caused by electrical energy production, are estimated for every heat pump in each location. Ground-to-water heat pump and water-to-water heat pump satisfy these requirements in each climatic zone in Poland. Air-to-water heat pump would be an energetic and ecological viable on a condition that substantial changes were done in Polish electrical energy mix.

Holistic synergy analysis for building subsystem performance and innovation opportunities

The buildings sector plays a crucial role in the transition to a low-carbon society as the largest energy-consuming sector globally, accounting for over one-third of all final energy consumption, half of electricity use, and nearly one-third of total direct and indirect energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. The delivery of energy-efficient buildings requires an integrated design that considers climate, technology, operation and maintenance, and occupant behavior. Previous research to reconcile human-building interaction has focused on two or three system interactions with the occupant, improving the accuracy of building controls systems to match occupant demand or manage energy use, changing the user interface to alter human behavior, and understanding the effects of indoor environmental quality on human performance. This work presents a structured process to systematically study the complex interactions between multiple building subsystems and the occupant, as well as capture their multifaceted effects on humans and various building performance outcomes. Derived from systems theory, this process illustrates the dynamic interactions between the human and technical parts and processes of building systems to provide a holistic lens on human-building interaction, building systems integration, and the resulting building performance. The findings illustrate the opportunity to design independent building systems in view of their interactions, resulting effects on humans, and whole-building outcomes/performance goals. The findings conclude that independent building subsystem outputs have functional, social, and emotional effects on humans that are not intentionally captured in the traditional building design metrics.

Factors Controlling Urban and Rural Indirect Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Household Consumption: A Case Study in Beijing

Residential carbon dioxide emissions can be divided into a direct component caused by consumers via direct energy usage and an indirect component caused by consumers buying and using products to meet their needs, with a higher proportion caused by the latter. Based on Beijing panel data for 1993–2012, an economic boom period in China, indirect carbon dioxide emissions were separately calculated for urban and rural households using the consumer lifestyle approach (CLA) model. Then, an extended stochastic impact by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model was used to analyze the influence from two aspects, social economy, and land use, with high precision. Results indicate that indirect CO2 emissions in Beijing households display a rising trend in urban areas but a slight decrease in rural areas. Technology influences and forest land are, respectively, the most important aspects of the social economy and land use. Higher population and urbanization resulted in enhanced emissions in both urban and rural areas. The Engel coefficient presented a negative correlation with indirect CO2 emissions for both rural and urban areas. Compared with urban areas, the per capita net income of rural areas restrained consumption. The consumption structure of urban residents was more biased toward the tertiary industry than that of rural residents. Although technical progress has proceeded, it cannot offset urban residents’ indirect CO2 emissions caused by the large amount and rapid growth of consumption. Regarding land use, urban construction land net primary productivity (NPP) was high and not an important factor contributing to indirect CO2 emissions. Forest and lawn primarily served a recreational function and exhibited a positive impact. Water and cultivated land offered insufficient production and thus had a negative influence. For rural residents, lawn and cultivated land production is self-sufficient. Forests offer a carbon sequence effect, and construction land expansion increased the proportion of developed area, offering a scale effect that resulted in reduced carbon emissions. Based on the results, alternative carbon emission reduction policies have been proposed for each tested influence aspect to reduce emissions, including policies for optimizing industrialization quality, constructing a medium-density city, increasing space efficiency, encouraging sustainable consumption behavior, and increasing the efficiency of energy utilization.

Modeling & optimization of renewable hydrogen production from biomass via anaerobic digestion & dry reformation

There is a growing interest in the usage of hydrogen as an environmentally cleaner form of energy for end users. However, hydrogen does not occur naturally and needs to be produced through energy intensive processes, such as steam reformation. In order to be truly renewable, hydrogen must be produced through processes that do not lead to direct or indirect carbon dioxide emissions. Dry reformation of methane is a route that consumes carbon dioxide to produce hydrogen. This work describes the production of hydrogen from biomass via anaerobic digestion of waste biomass and dry reformation of biogas. This process consumes carbon dioxide instead of releasing it and uses only renewable feed materials for hydrogen production. An end-to-end simulation of this process is developed primarily using Aspen HYSYS® and consists of steady state models for anaerobic digestion of biomass, dry reformation of biogas in a fixed-bed catalytic reactor containing Ni–Co/Al2O3 catalyst, and a custom-model for hydrogen separation using a hollow fibre membrane separator. A mixture-process variable design is used to simultaneously optimize feed composition and process conditions for the process. It is identified that if biogas containing 52 mol% methane, 38 mol% carbon dioxide, and 10 mol% water (or steam) is used for hydrogen production by dry reformation at a temperature of 837.5 °C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa; optimal values of 89.9% methane conversion, 99.99% carbon dioxide conversion and hydrogen selectivity 1.21 can be obtained.

Use of peripheral fins for R-290 charge reduction in split-type residential air-conditioners

The use of hydrocarbons as refrigerants has increased substantially in the past decades due to more severe regulations on direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions. However, safety standards related to flammable fluids limit the amount of propane (R-290) used in air-conditioning (AC) systems. In this study, an experimentally validated numerical model for a split-type AC system is employed and, for the first time, an air-side peripheral fin geometry is used in the condenser in an attempt to reduce the refrigerant charge for a given system cooling capacity. To establish a fair basis for comparison, plain, wavy and louvered fins were also investigated in the model. A more realistic assessment of the system performance was achieved by considering the POE ISO 22 oil circulation ratio (OCR) in the computation of the physical properties of the mixture. The results have shown that, for the simulated range, heat exchangers with peripheral fins provided higher values of thermal conductance (UA) and cooling capacity than other types of fins. A substantial decrease in the R-290 mass (as high as 12.13%) was observed when peripheral fin condensers were employed.

The growing importance of scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions from industry

Carbon reporting is increasingly focussing on indirect emissions that occur in the supply chain of establishments. The GHG protocol, a corporate standard, distinguishes scope 2 (emissions associated with electricity consumption) and scope 3 (emissions associated with other inputs), in addition to scope 1 emissions (occurring directly at the facility or company in question). However, the magnitude and growth trajectory of scopes 2 and 3 emissions at the economy-wide level is unknown. Here we conduct an input–output investigation of indirect carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for the global economy organized in five sectors—energy supply, transport, industry, buildings, and agriculture and forestry—as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In comparison to previous work that looks at indirect emissions of consumption, we present the first economy-wide analysis of indirect emissions of gross production. The goal of the work is thus to capture the potential agency different sectors have over supply chain emissions, rather allocating emissions between production and consumption. Between 1995 and 2015, global scopes 1, 2, and 3 emissions grew by 47%, 78%, and 84%, to 32, 10, and 45 Pg CO2, respectively. Globally, the industry sector was most important with scope 2 emissions of 5 Pg and scope 3 emissions of 32 Pg. For buildings, scope 3 emissions of 7 Pg were twice as high as direct emissions. Industry and buildings stood in marked contrast to energy and transport, where direct emissions accounted for >70% of total emissions responsibility. Most of the growth happened in developing countries. The proposed analysis scheme could improve the integration of sector chapters in future IPCC reports.

Building Electricity Consumption as an Indicator of Indirect Carbon Dioxide Emissions

The global CO2 emissions have continually increased from year to year and reached 32 Gt in 2010. The increased CO2 emissions may lead to a higher temperature and cause climate change on a global scale. Building energy-using equipment in Indonesia continuously increases annually leading to increasing indirect CO2 emissions from the buildings. The objective of this study is to measure the indirect CO2 emissions from the Faculty of Industrial Technology (FIT), Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research data were taken from the electricity consumption by reading the electric meter at specified time intervals for 7 weeks from 26 September to 13 November 2016. The amount of electricity consumption indirectly indicates the amount of CO2 emission in the FIT where the FIT has consumed the electricity of 18.6 kWh/day corresponding to the average indirect CO2 emission of 15.9 kg CO2-eq/day. The results obtained would, therefore, give some recommendations to the FIT to take some policy actions related to the indirect CO2 emission by improving energy management system to minimize the indirect CO2 emission in the FIT.

Is the optimal decarbonization pathway influenced by indirect emissions? Incorporating indirect life-cycle carbon dioxide emissions into a European TIMES model

Energy system optimization models (ESOMs) such as MARKAL/TIMES are used to support energy policy analysis worldwide. ESOMs cover the full life-cycle of fuels from extraction to end-use, including the associated direct emissions. Nevertheless, the life-cycle emissions of energy equipment and infrastructure are not modelled explicitly. This prevents analysis of questions relating to the relative importance of emissions associated with the build-up of infrastructure and other equipment required for decarbonization.We have soft-linked an environmentally-extended input-output (EEIO) model to a European TIMES Model (ETM-UCL) with the aim of addressing the following questions:-In what ways does the inclusion of indirect emissions change the optimal technology pathway for decarbonizing the European energy system?-How much does the present value of key low-carbon technologies change when indirect emissions are accounted for in a decarbonization scenario for Europe?We show that, although indirect emissions are a relatively small portion of overall power sector emissions (<10% in 2050), including them in the model leads to changes in the optimal power sector portfolio. Renewable energy technologies become relatively less attractive once indirect emissions are included within the optimization framework, and we quantify this effect, showing that it is not large. Changes to the relative attractiveness of specific renewable energy technologies are more pronounced than the reduction in attractiveness of renewable energy as a whole: in our main scenarios wind energy saw increased relative deployment in 2050 when indirect emissions are accounted for, since it displaced other technologies with higher life-cycle emissions (notably solar PV). Optimal cumulative installed capacity of PV in the EU 2050 is at least 7% lower when indirect emissions are included. We conclude that policy advice derived from ESOMs that focuses on the roles of specific technologies should ensure that it is robust to the possible effects of indirect emissions.

Reprint of: Quantifying direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions of the Chinese tourism industry

Under the background of greenhouse gases emission reduction, the measurement of carbon emissions from the tourism industry has attracted increasing academic attention. Tourism is not a traditional sector in the System of National Accounts, and as a result the statistics of carbon dioxide emissions of the tourism industry on a national scale is difficult to calculate. The measurement methodology of a bottom-up approach and a top-down approach were mainly used in others studies. Utilizing a boundary that includes domestic tourism consumption, inbound tourism consumption, and tourism consumption incurring domestically in relation to outbound travel and airfares paid to the national carriers, a top-down approach is used to measure the national tourism dioxide emissions combining the Tourism Satellite Account and the Input–Output model from productive industry. Using this case study, it was calculated that the total carbon emissions of the Chinese tourism industry in 2002, 2005, 2007 and 2010 were 111.49 Mt, 141.88 Mt, 169.76 Mt and 208.4 Mt respectively, accounting for 2.489%, 2.425%, 2.439% and 2.447% respectively of the total carbon emission of all industries in China. The indirect carbon emissions by other tourism sectors except the transport sector were 3–4 times their direct carbon emissions. Compared with the manufacturing industry, the tourism industry is an industry of low pollution and low energy consumption. We discuss the advantage and shortcoming of the two approaches and put forward some suggestions to assist the research of tourism carbon emissions.

Quantifying direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions of the Chinese tourism industry

Under the background of greenhouse gases emission reduction, the measurement of carbon emissions from the tourism industry has attracted increasing academic attention. Tourism is not a traditional sector in the System of National Accounts, and as a result the statistics of carbon dioxide emissions of the tourism industry on a national scale is difficult to calculate. The measurement methodology of a bottom-up approach and a top-down approach were mainly used in others studies. Utilizing a boundary that includes domestic tourism consumption, inbound tourism consumption, and tourism consumption incurring domestically in relation to outbound travel and airfares paid to the national carriers, a top-down approach is used to measure the national tourism dioxide emissions combining the Tourism Satellite Account and the Input–Output model from productive industry. Using this case study, it was calculated that the total carbon emissions of the Chinese tourism industry in 2002, 2005, 2007 and 2010 were 111.49 Mt, 141.88 Mt, 169.76 Mt and 208.4 Mt respectively, accounting for 2.489%, 2.425%, 2.439% and 2.447% respectively of the total carbon emission of all industries in China. The indirect carbon emissions by other tourism sectors except the transport sector were 3–4 times their direct carbon emissions. Compared with the manufacturing industry, the tourism industry is an industry of low pollution and low energy consumption. We discuss the advantage and shortcoming of the two approaches and put forward some suggestions to assist the research of tourism carbon emissions.

Understanding the full climate change impact of energy consumption and mitigation at the end-use level: A proposed methodology for allocating indirect carbon dioxide emissions

This paper presents a methodology to allocate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that result from fuel combusted to produce electricity and heat to the end-use sectors (industry, buildings, transport, and agriculture) where the electricity and heat are actually consumed. Attributing these indirect emissions to the appropriate sectors results in a very different picture of CO2 emissions per sector than is seen when only direct emissions are characterized. With attribution to the demand side, the industrial and buildings sectors contribute the largest shares of CO2 emissions globally. When indirect emissions are allocated to their respective end-use sectors, the buildings sector’s share of total emissions increases the most, from 9% (direct emissions only) to 31% (including indirect emissions), which reflects the large share of electricity and heat consumed in this sector. The share of CO2 emissions attributable to the industrial sector also increases significantly, from 18% to 37%. These increased values include emissions from both electricity and heat used in end-use sectors, in contrast to the traditional accounting method, which allocates all electricity and heat emissions to the transformation and energy sector. Allocating these emissions to end-use sectors makes it possible to assess the full potential impact of demand reduction of electricity and heat use. This article is based on contributions to the Fifth Assessment Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Decomposition Analysis of Carbon Emissions Growth of Tertiary Industry in Beijing

The output as well as carbon dioxide emissions of tertiary industry have increased continuously in Beijing. Therefore, the tertiary industry has become a new field that needs to be explored for energy saving and emission reduction. This paper calculates the direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions of tertiary industry in Beijing from 2005 to 2012 using the input-output analysis method. The results indicate that both the direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions increased continuously and the latter grew more quickly than the former. The growth of the direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions of tertiary industry was decomposed, which showed that four factors influence the growth of carbon emission of the tertiary industry, including the changes of industrial scale, industrial structure, energy consumption intensity and carbon coefficient. The results show that the industrial scale advancement and the direct energy carbon coefficient change promote the increase of direct carbon dioxide emissions, while the shift of industrial structure and the change of direct energy consumption intensity have the restrain on it. The industrial scale enlargement, industrial structure shift and the indirect energy carbon emission coefficient change promote the growth of indirect carbon dioxide emissions, while the indirect energy consumption intensity change has a restrain.