Abstract
The purpose of the work is a comparison of indirect carbon dioxide emissions between the different heat pump types that operate in Polish climate conditions. The analysis embraces air-to-water heat pump, ground-to-water heat pump, water-to-water heat pump and water-to-water heat pump with separating heat exchanger in the selected towns one in each climatic zone in the country. The study starts from determining seasonal coefficient of performance in each location using heating degree days to estimate seasonal heat demand. Seasonal coefficient of performance values enable an assessment which kind of heat pump meets the European Union requirements in every location. Eventually, indirect CO2 emissions that is caused by electrical energy production, are estimated for every heat pump in each location. Ground-to-water heat pump and water-to-water heat pump satisfy these requirements in each climatic zone in Poland. Air-to-water heat pump would be an energetic and ecological viable on a condition that substantial changes were done in Polish electrical energy mix.
Highlights
On 8 October 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published a report on the effects of global warming 1.5 ◦ C above pre-industrial levels
An area of research is to determine the net values of the seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOPnet ) and carbon dioxide emissions of fixed-speed heat pumps that are the heat generators in a single-family house. 4 variants of available solutions on the market are analyzed—ASHP, GSHP, WSHP and water-to-water heat pump whose operation is preceded by a separation heat exchanger (WSHP+separating heat exchanger (SHE))
Outside temperature is assumed to be equal to the mean value in a given month. This is due to the fact that heating degree days (HDD) represent different climatic conditions
Summary
On 8 October 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published a report on the effects of global warming 1.5 ◦ C above pre-industrial levels. The countries and international organizations carry out the actions aimed at curbing the phenomenon of global warming. Heat pumps do not directly emit any pollutants into the atmosphere but indirect emissions arise during the production of energy necessary for their driving [3]. Due to their growing popularity, variety of heat sources or operating parameters, the European Commission has introduced regulations specifying the minimum value of the seasonal performance coefficient (SCOP) [4]
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