Aggressive Research Articles

Interfaces à transmissão e spillover do coronavírus entre florestas e cidades

RESUMO O atual formato de desenvolvimento humano gera severos impactos ambientais, os quais repercutem negativamente na saúde; dentre eles, a intensificação da transmissão de doenças infecciosas, epidemias e pandemias, como a Covid-19. A forma como lidamos com a biodiversidade e os ecossistemas, em conjunto com as mudanças climáticas, viabiliza interfaces e corredores por onde ocorrem diversificação, spillover e circulação de vírus. Por esses meios, o Sars-CoV-2 poderá invadir biomas brasileiros, transformando florestas como a Amazônia em imensos reservatórios, de onde o coronavírus poderá retornar ainda mais agressivo à saúde.

What are the factors that contribute to aggression in patients with co-occurring antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse?

Background A significant number of individuals with high levels of aggression have substance use disorder problems. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substance use disorder on aggression in young men with Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Methods This cross-sectional study included 328 patients and were diagnosed with ASPD with a comorbidity of substance use disorder, along with 111 healthy young male subjects. Results The total aggression scores of the patients with a diagnosis of ASPD were significantly higher than those of the healthy group (p < 0.001). Mean scores of aggression subscale, except for indirect aggression, were higher in patients diagnosed with ASPD (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between aggression scores and total API scores in patients diagnosed with ASPD (p < 0.001). Aggression scores were higher when subjects were using volatile substances compared to other substances (p < 0.05). Aggression scores increased with duration of substance use disorder (p < 0.001). Discussion Substance use disorder should be treated first to mitigate aggression in individuals with ASPD. Patients with severe addiction to volatile substances should be given treatment priority. Further studies are necessary to determine the cause of aggression in individuals who abuse substances.

Introducing three new males into a captive lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) group

The introduction of an unfamiliar animal to a new individual or group can be highly stressful for any animal. Various studies have tried to determine the best method for introducing unfamiliar animals to each other, but many disagree on the most appropriate method of introduction. In this study, three new male lion-tailed macaques Macaca silenus, were introduced to the resident group in Fota Wildlife Park. The introduction method here was slow, with controlled contact between the new males and resident group over a period of 17 months. Behavioural data were collected using scan and focal sampling to observe the differences in the behaviour of the existing group before and after the introduction of these new males and during the different types of contact (‘outside pen’, ‘indoor house’, ‘split group’ and ‘mixed’). Data were analysed using randomisation and a likelihood-ratio G-test. Active behaviours increased in the first 3 months following the introduction of the new males, while self-directed behaviours decreased overall. Aggression was observed most frequently in the first three months after introduction of the new males, during the ‘outside pen’ period of contact. By September 2018, there was one successful birth within the group, one of the two surviving males was fully integrated into the group, and with the integration of the second male looking promising, overall this indicates a positive introduction and integration.

When the victim becomes vicious: Combined effects of pseudo transformational leadership and epistemic motivation on contempt and deviant behaviors

Utilizing affective events theory (Weiss & Cropanzano, 1996), the current study unravels how and when pseudo-transformational leaders promote contempt, avoidance, and aggression. Specifically, we examined whether pseudo-transformational leadership enforces feelings of contempt, which, in turn, fosters interaction avoidance and covert aggression in followers. We hypothesized that contempt also has an indirect effect that is contingent on levels of epistemic motivation of followers. By adopting a multi-wave research design, we gathered data from 277 employees of the service sector of Pakistan. The results signified that followers of pseudo-transformational leaders feel contemptuous of them and respond with interaction avoidance and indirect aggression. Further, we found that the impact of pseudo-transformational leadership on contempt was more pronounced in individuals with higher levels of epistemic motivation. We believe that this study opens up a new avenue in the pseudo-transformational leadership literature by highlighting the mechanism and conditions under which such leaders are deleterious for organizations.

Cognitively Processing Covert Aggression

We explored how people cognitively process interpersonal, covert aggression, which is purposeful behavior motivated by negative intentions toward another yet subtle enough to be nonobvious. We found that people experience cognitive stages of realization, sensemaking, self-monitoring, and script development to decipher and respond to aggressors’ covert behavior. The first phase often occurs after repeated episodes due to the subtle nature of indirect aggression. In the sensemaking phase, targets of aggression socialize the events with their peers and create narratives for why they have become targeted. In the self-monitoring phase, targets evaluate their own behavior in relation to the aggressor’s behavior. In the final phase, targets create behavioral scripts of how to interact with the aggressor. The process we outline establishes a framework for advancing research in covert aggression.

The Dark Empath: Characterising dark traits in the presence of empathy

A novel psychological construct characterised by high empathy and dark traits: the Dark Empath (DE) is identified and described relative to personality, aggression, dark triad (DT) facets and wellbeing. Participants (n = 991) were assessed for narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, cognitive empathy and affective empathy. Sub-cohorts also completed measures of (i) personality (BIG5), indirect interpersonal aggression (n = 301); (ii) DT facets of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, primary and secondary psychopathy and Machiavellianism (n = 285); and (iii) wellbeing (depression, anxiety, stress, anhedonia, self-compassion; n = 240). Latent profile analysis identified a four-class solution comprising the traditional DT (n = 128; high DT, low empathy), DE (n = 175; high DT, high empathy), Empaths (n = 357; low DT, high empathy) and Typicals (n = 331; low DT, average empathy). DT and DE were higher in aggression and DT facets, and lower in agreeableness than Typicals and Empaths. DE had higher extraversion and agreeableness, and lower aggression than DT. DE and DT did not differ in grandiose and vulnerable DT facets, but DT showed lower wellbeing. The DE is less aggressive and shows better wellbeing than DT, but partially maintains an antagonistic core, despite having high extraversion. The presence of empathy did not increase risk of vulnerability in the DE.

Suicidal ideation and aggression in childhood, genetic variation and young adult depression

BackgroundSuicidal thoughts and behaviors have been studied in association with a variety of risk factors. The aim of the present study was to determine if levels of child/adolescent aggression and/or variation in candidate genes previously associated with suicidal behaviors in adults would influence the presence of suicidal ideation in childhood/adolescence, and to determine if ideation was associated with young adult depression. MethodsA longitudinal study of children, adolescents and young adults who were at high or low risk for alcohol and other substance use disorders by familial background were assessed. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) aggression scale scores with derived subtypes (physical and relational) and genetic variation (ANKK1, DRD2, COMT, SLC6A4, HTR2C) were used as predictors of the presence and onset of suicidal ideation in childhood using survival analysis. Structural equation models (SEM) were fit to determine the relative importance of the predictors controlling for background variables. ResultsCBCL aggression was significantly associated with child/adolescent suicidal ideation. One SNP in the ANKK1 gene (rs1800497), one in the HTR2C gene (rs6318), and two haplotypes, AAAC in the ANKK1-DRD2 complex and the CCC haplotype of the HTR2C gene, were significantly associated with the presence and onset of child/adolescent suicidal ideation. Follow up in young adulthood showed a significant relationship between suicidal ideation in childhood/adolescence and young adult depression. ConclusionsGenetic variation and presence of elevated aggression scores from the childhood CBCL are significant predictors of childhood suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation in childhood and being female are predictors of young adult depression.

Булінг у закладах освіти України і США

У статті окреслено системний підхід як один із методів профілактики насильства та булінгу в закладах освіти. З’ясовано поняття «боулінг», «кібербулінг», «кібермоббінг», «інтернет-моббінг». Висвітлено значимість і важливість притчі у вихованні молоді та застереженні її від насильства, що сприяє досягненню цілей і мети у профілактиці булінгу. Основну увагу зосереджено на зростанні агресивності у вихованців, що проявляється у різних реакціях: злість, підлість, образа, роздратування, схильність до фізичних дій, зокрема готовність вирішити проблеми та спірні питання за допомогою фізичної сили. Досліджено статистичні дані щодо прояву булінгу в закладах освіти України і США.

Minimal Intraspecific Aggression among Tawny Crazy Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Florida

Tawny crazy ants, Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), are an invasive species found in states along the Gulf Coast of the USA. Their large populations are aggressive and can displace ant species already present in the area. Because tawny crazy ants are not territorial toward their own species within a locality, it was hypothesized that they may exhibit unicoloniality in their invasive range. To test this hypothesis, tawny crazy ants from separate locations in Florida were confined in small, enclosed arenas, and their interactions were observed and documented using a rating scale of aggression behaviors. Carbohydrate consumption also can affect aggression in ants, so starved and non-starved ants were tested separately. For non-starved ants, the level of aggression between worker ants increased if they were from different locations, but this interaction rarely escalated to fighting. When starved ants from different locations were given access to sucrose solution, the ants would exhibit trophallaxis rather than fighting over the food source. Queens from different colonies would quickly nest together. Thus, intraspecific aggression was not evident among tawny crazy ants collected from widely separated locations in Florida. Resumen La hormiga loca rojiza, Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), es una especie invasora que se encuentra en los estados a lo largo de la costa del Golfo de los Estados Unidos. Sus grandes poblaciones son agresivas y pueden desplazar especies de hormigas ya presentes en el area. Debido a que las hormigas locas rojizas no son territoriales hacia sus propias especies dentro de una localidad, se planteo la hipotesis de que pueden exhibir unicolonialidad en su rango invasivo. Para probar esta hipotesis, las hormigas rojizas locas de lugares separados en Florida fueron confinadas en pequenos espacios cerrados, y sus interacciones se observaron y documentaron utilizando una escala de calificacion de los comportamientos de agresion. El consumo de carbohidratos tambien puede afectar la agresion en las hormigas, por lo que las hormigas con hambre y sin hambre se probaron por separado. Para las hormigas no hambrientas, el nivel de agresion entre las hormigas obreras aumentaba si eran de diferentes lugares, pero esta interaccion rara vez escalo a un combate. Cuando las hormigas hambrientas de diferentes lugares tenian acceso a la solucion de sacarosa, las hormigas exhibian trofalaxis en lugar de pelear por la fuente de alimento. Reinas de diferentes colonias anidarian juntas rapidamente. Por lo tanto, la agresion intraespecifica no era evidente entre las hormigas locas rojizas recolectadas de lugares extensamente separados de la Florida. Key Words: invasive ants; territoriality; competition; unicolonial; Nylanderia fulva View this article in BioOne

Liquen plano oral. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

El liquen plano oral (LPO) es una enfermedad mucocutánea crónica, de carácter inflamatorio, etiología desconocida y naturaleza autoinmune, en la que se produce una agresión por parte de los linfocitos T dirigida frente a las células basales del epitelio de la mucosa oral. El diagnóstico del LPO debe basarse en la observación clínica y confirmarse con la descripción de las características histopatológicas. Se presenta caso clínico de paciente femenina de 39 años de edad que acudió a consulta odontológica al Servicio de Estomatología de la Escuela de Odontología, de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, por presentar múltiples lesiones blancas en la cavidad bucal de 1 año de evolución. La paciente manifiesta episodios de stress. Se realizó biopsia de tipo incisional y se envió a anatomía patológica donde se confirmó el diagnóstico de Liquen Plano Oral.

Salivary duct carcinoma arising in pleomorphic adenoma

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CPA) is an epithelial and/or myoepithelial malignancy developing from primary or recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. Salivary duct carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignancy of the salivary gland resembling mammary ductal carcinoma, which can occur as a component of CPA. It is a high-grade tumor with poor prognosis. Treatment modalities include surgery and postoperative (adjuvant) radiation therapy. Here, we present an old female patient with a submandibular mass which proved to be salivary duct CPA.

This Guillain-Barré Won’t Go Away: Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy in an 18-year-old male

Introduction: Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare diagnosis, encompassing a group of related neuropathies that share the characteristics of chronicity, demyelination, inflammation, and immune-mediation. It exists along a temporal continuum with its acute counterpart: the demyelinating form of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), a monophasic illness which typically resolves in the span of weeks. First line treatments of CIDP include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and plasma exchange, although more aggressive presentations may require additional immunotherapy. We present a case of CIDP in an adolescent patient. As a disease …

The Effectiveness of Social Skills Training on Aggression and Impulsive among Kindergartens Children

Introduction: Social interaction is an inevitable technique and resource of children's mental development, and children learn how to interact with others. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of social skills training on aggression and impulsive among kindergartens children in Tehran in 2017-2018. Materials & Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test were selected by simple random sampling to compare a group of experiments (N= 7) with control (N = 7) groups. In this study, the statistical population in Tehran kindergartens in 2017-18 consisted of all children aged 4 to 6 years. The intervention was conducted 10 sessions in 60-minute after pre-test and then the results were evaluated in two stages of pre-test and post-test by Matson's Social Skills Questionnaire and finally, after about one month the data were collected. Data were analyzed by using SPSSver.22 software. Results: According to the descriptive findings, the age range of 4 to 6 years with mean age of 5.5 years. The mean and SD scores of aggression and impulsive behaviors in the experimental and the control group were 24.14± 6.24 and 26.17±8.11, respectively. The mean scores of aggression and impulsive behaviors in the experimental group increased from 26.71 to 28.17 in the post-test. The standard deviation of these scores is 6.47 and 7.54, respectively. So that, the test did not show a significant difference at a level of p< 0.05. Conclusion: Considering the use of social skills training interventions, it did not show a significant difference between aggression and impulsive in kindergartens children. Therefore, it is necessary to teach methods along with other psychotherapeutic to reduce aggression and impulsive behaviors among kindergartens children.

The effect of internalized shame on potential aggression : Mediating effect of suppressing anger and expressing emotion

The effect of internalized shame on potential aggression : Mediating effect of suppressing anger and expressing emotion

Análise da mortalidade por causas externas, Santa Catarina, 2008 a 2017

Objetivo: Analisar os óbitos por causas externas em Santa Catarina, no período de 2008 a 2017. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo com dados secundários do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Resultados: Os óbitos por causas externas não estão distribuídos de forma uniforme no território catarinense, com concentração em quatro regiões de saúde. Entre as principais causas estão os acidentes de transporte, as quedas e afogamentos, as agressões por armas de fogo e as lesões autoprovocadas por enforcamento. Os homens na faixa etária entre 20 a 49 anos são os mais afetados. As mortes em pessoas brancas representam 87,3% do total, embora as pessoas pretas e pardas morrem em proporções maiores na faixa etária entre 20 e 49 anos, assim como é maior o número de mortes por agressões. Conclusão: Os óbitos por causas externas em Santa Catarina afetam de forma diferente as pessoas segundo o sexo, cor e faixa etária.

Протидія зовнішнім інформаційним впливам: систематизація українського досвіду протистояння російській агресії

Протидія зовнішнім інформаційним впливам: систематизація українського досвіду протистояння російській агресії

Relationship Between the Problem of Computer Dependence and Social Exclusion in the Process of Youth Socialization

Метою статті є аналіз проблеми соціалізації сучасної молоді в епоху тотальної диджиталізації, дослідження комп’ютерних ігор як потужного агента соціалізації молоді. Для досягнення поставленої мети необхідно проаналізувати особливості впливу ігор на процес соціалізації молоді та формування нових ціннісних орієнтирів, акцентувати увагу на понятті «кіберсоціалізація» та «кіберадикція».Методи дослідження: аналітичний метод, метод включеного спостереження, метод структурно-функціонального аналізу, феноменологічний метод. Аналіз впливу залежності молоді від комп’ютерних ігор і вивчення впливу цифровізації на соціальну комунікацію молоді. Дослідження використання інформації з інтернету на формування світосприйняття в молодої частини населення, і як можна використовувати її в навчанні, формуванні особистості й моральному вихованні. У період формування світогляду інтернет може суттєво впливати на становлення молодої людини та здатність її до соціалізації.Новизною дослідження є визначення особливостей впливу комп’ютерних ігор на моральні та соціальні цінності сучасної молоді та здійснення соціально-філософського аналізу проблеми впливу комп’ютерів і мережевих технологій сучасного світу на процес формування цінностей і свідомості підлітка в глобалізованому світі. У статті розглянуто вплив комп’ютерної залежності на соціалізацію молоді та формування людських цінностей. Розкрито поняття «кіберсоціалізація» та «кіберадикція». Встановлено причинно-наслідкові зв’язки між комп’ютерними іграми та порушенням формування правильних соціальних цінностей, показано вплив комп’ютерної залежності на погіршення комунікативних навиків і підвищення рівня агресії підлітків.Висновки. Дослідження засвідчило, що через систематичне використання комп’ютерних технологій у молодої людини знижується успішність у навчанні, через малорухливий спосіб життя виникають певні хвороби, а також явище соціальної самотності, знижується рівень активності й охайності, паралельно збільшується рівень відчуженості від соціальних норм і цінностей, зрештою виникає соціальне виключення індивіда.

Identidad gráfica para un equipo de biomedicina universitario: consiguiendo notoriedad / Graphic identity for a biomedical university team: gaining visibility

Identidad gráfica para un equipo de biomedicina universitario: consiguiendo notoriedad / Graphic identity for a biomedical university team: gaining visibility

남자 중학생의 또래괴롭힘 피해경험과 전위된 공격성의 관계: 거부 민감성, 남성 성역할 갈등의 이중매개효과 및 비판단 성향의 조절된 매개효과

본 연구는 남자 중학생의 또래괴롭힘 피해경험과 전위된 공격성의 관계를 거부 민감성과 남성 성역할 갈등이 매개하는지 확인하고, 이러한 관계를 비판단 성향이 조절하는지 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 남자 중학생 445명의 자기보고식 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 그 결과, 또래괴롭힘 피해경험은 거부 민감성을 정적으로 예측하고, 이는 다시 전위된 공격성의 증가와 연합되었다. 또래괴롭힘 피해경험과 전위된 공격성 간의 관계에서 거부 민감성과 남성 성역할 갈등의 이중매개효과도 유의하였다. 이 때, 비판단 성향은 또래괴롭힘 피해경험과 거부 민감성의 관계를 유의하게 조절하였는데, 비판단 성향이 강할 경우 또래괴롭힘 피해경험이 거부민감성으로 이어지지 않았다. 비판단 성향은 또래괴롭힘 피해경험과 전위된 공격성의 관계에서 거부 민감성을 통한 간접효과와 거부 민감성 및 남성 성역할 갈등을 통한 간접효과를 조절하여, 비판단 성향에 의한 조절된 매개효과를 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의와 남자 중학생의 또래괴롭힘 피해에 따른 부적응을 완화할 수 있는 개입전략에 대해 논의하였다.

The Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth: Evidence from Southern Africa

An ARDL panel model is implored to explore the relationship between external debt and economic growth in 9 Southern African countries over the period 2000-2018. The empirical results show that short term external debt negatively affects economic growth over the long haul just as in the short run while long term external debt shows a negative connection with economic growth for the short run and a negative significant connection among debt and economic growth over the long haul insinuating the external funds gained are not being utilized for economic activities such as investment, capital formulation and technology. These discoveries demonstrate the requirement for policymakers in Southern Africa to not exclusively depend on external debt as a means to stimulate economic growth but should utilize aggressive techniques to improve and advance their economies.