In 1887, in the Zoological Gardens in Madrid, an Exposicion de las Islas Filipinas was held to showcase the peoples and material culture of Spain's only major Asian colony. One of the most popular attractions was the Igorot Village, where eight highland Filipinos, or Igorotes, from Luzon's Cordillera occupied replicas of their indigenous houses, sang and ritually danced in their g-strings around sacrificed pigs, much to the amusement and wonder of the people of Madrid (SCOTT 1975, 12-13). In 1904, the Americans included a similar Igorot village in the St. Louis Exhibition, which was held to celebrate the westward expansion of the United States 100 years after the Louisiana Purchase (FRY 1983, 39-40). Four years later, the American colonial government banned the public exhibition of Philippine tribal peoples without legislative consent (SCOTT 1975, 2). While the public display of exotic tribal dances, costumes and ritual sacrifices was deemed unseemly by the colonial government in 1908, seventy years later (in 1978) a strikingly similar exhibition was sponsored in the City of Baguio by the Ministry of Tourism and the urban commercial elite. As in the previous exhibitions during colonial times, representatives of the various highland Luzon ethno-linguistic groups were brought from their local mountain communities to present their traditional rituals and dances in front of thousands of foreign and lowland Filipino tourists. Early world exhibitions of tribal peoples amidst exotic tropical plants and animals expressed colonial dominance over subordinated peoples as much as it did Western fascination with their unique lifestyles. In the early years of American pacification efforts in the Cordillera, it