Indigenous Energy Resources Research Articles

Unveiling the dynamics: exploring the impact of oil-gas relationships on natural gas bubbles

ABSTRACT Natural gas plays an increasingly important role in the energy landscape, and its price experiences significant volatility and is easily affected by oil due to its substitutability. Therefore, this study investigates the emergence of natural gas bubbles in terms of the relationship between oil prices and natural gas prices (ROPGP) during the sample period from January 1997 to January 2023. Using a theoretical framework covering oil and gas prices that examines price volatility and structural dependencies, this analysis combines subsample rolling window causality tests, Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey-Fuller (GSADF) bubble detection methods, and logistic regression models. The empirical results indicate that due to Europe’s diversified energy policies, the ROPGP has an adverse effect on the emergence of natural gas price bubbles in Europe. In Japan, however, the ROPGP positively influences natural gas bubbles due to the scarcity of indigenous energy resources and the reliance on natural gas contracts linked to imported oil. Conversely, in the US, the ROPGP does not significantly impact natural gas price bubbles, which is attributed to the country’s self-sufficiency in natural gas production. These findings highlight the differing impacts of the ROPGP on natural gas markets in various regions, shaped by their unique energy structures, policies, and geopolitical factors.

Transforming Turkish electricity system in the context of circular economy and green deal: impacts on steel and agricultural production

ABSTRACT Two important but conflicting goals in Turkey’s energy policy have been ensuring energy security through increased indigenous energy resource utilization and meeting the 2053 net zero emission commitment. Based on this, this work explores emission mitigation pathways for Turkey’s electricity system through circularity approaches of CO2 utilization and framework material recycling (FMR). Using mathematical models, eight life cycle impact potentials are evaluated including global warming potential (GWP). The extended impact on steel and agricultural production was also examined in the Green Deal context. The circularity approaches investigated showed that the GWP of Turkey’s wind, solar, and lignite energy sources reduce from the base values of 7.3 gCO2eq./kWh, 29.5 gCO2eq./kWh and 1130 gCO2eq./kWh to 2.72 gCO2eq./kWh, 21.08 gCO2eq./kWh and 241.26 gCO2eq./kWh, respectively. Fifty percent recycling ratio is also determined as the optimum for CO2 utilization and FMR. With this ratio, 21.84% CO2 emission reduction corresponding to 0.083 GT annual CO2 savings is achieved in the Turkish electricity mix. The decarbonization of electricity results in 25.0% and 27.0% GWP impact reductions in the agricultural and steel sectors, respectively. Hence, the decarbonization of electricity mix can significantly ease the negative impacts of the Green Deal on Turkey’s economy. Additionally, promoting and increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the electricity mix can further enhance these environmental benefits.

Energy potential assessment and techno–economic analysis of micro hydro–photovoltaic hybrid system in Goda Warke village, Ethiopia

Abstract Rural Ethiopia has significant untapped potential for hydro and solar energy generation systems. However, challenges arise from seasonal variations and unfavourable topographic positions of flowing rivers, hindering the efficient exploitation of these resources. Despite the country’s abundance in hydro and solar energy resources, >75% of the population still lack access to electricity from the national grid. This work deals with energy resource potential assessment and techno–economic analysis of micro hydro–photovoltaic (PV) hybrid systems, considered in the case study of Goda Warke village, located in the Yaya Gulele district. A novel framework is proposed that utilizes the Natural Resource Soil Conservation Service curve number method to assess the energy potential of micro-hydro energy in ungauged basins, specifically at the exit point of the Girar River basin catchment. The average monthly flow rate in the basin is 0.975 m3/s, while the area exhibits a solar radiation potential of 5.39 kWh/m2/day. Energy policy promotes expanding access to modern energy sources and utilization of indigenous energy resources. Simulation results indicate that the hydro/PV/diesel generator (DG)/battery and hydro/PV/battery systems are the most optimal choices based on net present cost, with the inclusion of a DG for economic comparison. Micro-hydro energy covers most of the electric load in the area, achieving a capacity factor of 47.5%. The cost of energy and net present cost were found to be sensitive to variables such as the price of diesel fuel, pipe head loss, and the growth of the village load. The optimized system demonstrated a hydro energy potential of 1405.37 MWh/year and a PV energy output of 274.04 MWh/year, resulting in a levelized cost of energy of 0.0057 and 0.049 $/kWh for the hydro and PV components, respectively.

The Contribution of Pyrolysis of Water Hyacinth to South Africa’s Low-carbon and Climate Resilient Economy Transition: A Mini Review

Abstract South Africa is a carbon-intensive country, with coal dominating the indigenous energy resource base; however, targets have been set to reduce the national carbon emissions. The transition from coal to cleaner sources of energy generation can be encouraged by the administration of new technologies. Hence, the study aims to review research progress on the pyrolysis of water hyacinth as a tool for the smooth transition to low carbon and climate-resilient economy. Water hyacinth is suitable for energy recovery due to its high carbon content and heating value. The outcome shows that pyrolytic products such as liquid, char and non-condensable gas fractions are beneficial. This paper contributes to policy and research deliberations on promoting and adopting pyrolysis technology in addressing South Africa’s energy crisis and water hyacinth invasion.

Designing and Fabrication Non-Conventional Energy: A Review on Literature

Abstract: Energy is important to the economic process and social development of any country. Indigenous energy resources important to be developed to the optimum level so attenuate dependence on foreign fuels, subject to partitioning economic, environmental and social constraints. This is important to a lift in analysis and development likewise as investment in renewable energy business in search of how to satisfy energy demand and to cut back dependency on fossil fuels. Wind and solar power are getting standard due to abundance, handiness and simple harnessing for electric power generation. Reaching the non electrified rural population is presently unfeasible through the extension of the grid, since the affiliation is neither economically possible. Further, there will be increase in oil costs, and also the intolerable impacts of this energy supply on the users and on the surroundings, square measure slowly removing standard energy solutions, like fuel agents based mostly systems, from the agricultural development agendas, “Hybrid Power Generation” i.e. Solar and wind based energy generation. This paper presents the design of hybrid electricity generation system by utilizing both solar and wind renewable energy to the domestic household in the remote area which is unable to connect to the grid. Hybrid systems have tested to be the most effective choice to deliver, “high quality” power.

Physio-chemical evaluation and Co-combustion efficiency of different biomass waste fractions with indigenous coal blends for utilization as alternative fuel

<p>Severe energy crisis and vilest economic conditions in Pakistan demand the country’s energy portfolio to be revised with increased reliance on indigenous energy resources. The perspective of utilization of abundantly available biomass waste fractions as a fuel alone and their co-combustion with two different indigenous coal varieties has been emphasized in this study. Coal samples were blended with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, rice husk and sugarcane bagasse waste fractions in varying ratios of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% and the resulting variation in their fuel characteristics and co-combustion efficiency was determined. The execution is a basis to assess the assumption that co-combusion in appropriate proportions can arrange a solution for the massive amounts of produced organic waste and cut dependency on imported energy sources. The tanner diagram visualization for the assessment of proposed blends suggest that the blending samples exhibit an increase in moisture and combustible content while some decrease in ash content and calorific values with increased biomass ratios. Within the assortment of conducted trials, khaushab coal and rice husk in various proportions evidenced to be the best arrangement for fuel consumption based on energetic optimization. The overall results of studies inferred that both coal and biomass fuels alone and their co-firing can sustain self-combustion and subsequently arrange for finding area based solutions related to various energy operations.</p>

An Experimental and Numerical Study to Improve the Efficiency of PV Modules by Using Nano-Fluid Cooling System

The photovoltaic technology (PV) has gained much attention in the recent decades due to the increasing global demand for electrical energy due to the accelerated technological growth in all aspects of our life. Moreover, other significant factors have played a role in boosting its use such as the continuous rising of the fossil fuel costs accompanying the declining reserves. In addition, there are growing concerns about fossil fuels effects on the environment due to the accumulation of the pollutants at rates higher than what the ecosystems can handle. Jordan is one of the most affected regions by fossil fuel energy crisis especially due to its indigenous energy resources, which means dependency on imported energy, which negatively affects its economy. Even though the solar power technology has advanced significantly in the recent years, the relatively poor efficiency and the high initial costs are the primary barriers for its wide spreading. In this study, the photovoltaic back-surface cooling channel is used with a nanofluid cooling. The tests have utilized cooling channels with a thickness of 5 cm for two different concentrations of Aluminum oxide Al2O3 nanofluids (i.e., 0.05 wt.%, and 0.1 wt.%). The Aluminum oxide is a white odorless crystalline powder, it is amphoteric in nature, and it is used in many chemicals, industrial and commercial applications. The tests have been also made for three different volumetric flow rates (i.e., 1 L/min, 1.5 L/min, and 2 L/min). The effect of using a nanofluid cooling system to improve the performance of the photovoltaic panels has been examined. Experiments have been carried out at different conditions for optimizing the cooling performance of the PV modules. The cooling channel with 0.1 wt.% Aluminum oxide, and volumetric flow rate of 2 L/min has showed the best photovoltaic efficiency. For the uncooled PV module, the maximum temperature reached has been 67 °C. Therefore, using the nanofluid coolant has decreased the temperature about 38% and increased the power output to about 9.6%.

Current Energy Crisis of Pakistan: Status, Impact and Potential Solutions

Energy plays an essential role in the development and economic growth of a country. A balanced energy sector leads to social development and political stability. An efficient use of available resources as well as harnessing of environmentally friendly new resources is imperative for sustainable energy development and economic stability. Alternative and clean energy resources are required to meet electricity demand and to fight against the adverse environmental problems. This research is carried out to analyze the current energy scenario of Pakistan and to identify potential solutions. Pakistan has a vast potential of renewable energy that could be utilized to overcome the energy shortage. However, unfortunately, due to lack of proper energy policies and infrastructure, this vast potential remains underutilized. Discontinuity and reversal of various national energy policies has also compounded the problem. In power sector, increased generation costs due to increased dependence on thermal generation and high line losses have resulted into increased tariffs for the consumers. This, in turn, has increased the circular debt in the energy sector. Disagreement between various provinces on construction of large dams as well as water distribution disputes with India, are key factors that have reduced the share of cheap hydropower in the national grid. The establishment of a strong energy sector utilizing indigenous energy resources is must for a prosperous Pakistan as economic growth and energy availability are interlinked. Energy Intensity, Energy Diversity, Energy Import Dependence, and Energy Transportation determine energy security. The paper analyzes current energy crisis of Pakistan in the light of above mentioned energy security parameters and explores the potential of renewable energy resources as a worthwhile alternative to fossil fuels. The analysis is based on realistic data collected from various authentic sources.

LEAP simulated economic evaluation of sustainable scenarios to fulfill the regional electricity demand in Pakistan

Some planning problems in the power sector of Pakistan have generated several issues ranging from gradual reliance on thermal-based expensive energy mix, supply shortages, subsidization, inefficiencies at different levels of the value chain, and resultantly, the circular debt. This situation in the power sector has also hampered the growth of allied economic sectors. This study uses the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) system for simulating Pakistan’s electrical system from 2016 to 2040. It has forecasted the electricity demand at the provincial level. At the supply side, five scenarios Business as Usual Scenario (BAUS), Coal Scenario (CS), Gas Scenario (GS), Nuclear Scenario (NS), and Renewable Scenario (RS) have been analysed based on the techno-economic and environmental parameters. The study has also included environmental externality costs for evaluating the actual costs and benefits of different scenarios. Contrary to the expectations, RS has a lower generation than even BAUS. The study has concluded that the generation from RS has five times lesser costs than BAUS, CS, and GS. NS can also be an alternative for the sustainable future of Pakistan. Generation from imported coal is not a good option, however, indigenous coal with clean coal technologies should be promoted. This paper proposes energy planners of the country to devise incentives for the utilization of indigenous energy resources including renewables on priority and then clean coal to reduce the energy crises of Pakistan.

OPTIMIZING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC SYSTEM

India is an energy deficient country, where a large fraction of the population still does not have access to modern day energy services such as electricity. This is due to very limited fossil fuel resources and poor economy, which restrains the import of fossil fuels on a large scale. To overcome energy shortage, India needs to develop its indigenous energy resources like hydropower, solar and wind. India lies in an area of one of the highest solar insulation in the world. Accordingly, the status and outlook of solar energy use in India are discussed. It is concluded that the current infrastructure has not been able to advance the status of solar energy in India. Significant efforts are needed to effectively utilize this cheap renewable energy source.

Power Generation and Regional Collaboration in South Asia

Inadequate power generation and supply are considered to be the main hindrance of economic development and prosperity in South Asia. Limited indigenous energy resource of each South Asian nation is not suitable to generate sufficient power. Moreover, the availability of limited indigenous energy resources differs among South Asian nations. The power demand and power generation capacity notably vary among the countries due to seasonal variability. This paper highlights the need for a collective effort to develop mechanism for the utilisation of limited resources and enhance the cross-border power trade among South Asian nations. Bilateral and multi-lateral cooperation will allow overcoming regional power shortage and augmenting collective energy security.

Promoting sustainability of use of biomass as energy resource: Pakistan's perspective.

Biomass is primary source of energy for household in rural communities. Developing countries are focusing on increasing utilization of indigenous energy resources for energy security and to achieve sustainable development goal. Combustion of solid biomass is the primary approach for utilizing biomass to generate electricity and heat. Sixty-eight percent of population of Pakistan is living in rural areas while 30% population is still without electricity. The traditional household appliances used for cooking and heating are less efficient, more hazardous to users, and more damaging to the environment. Low carbon energy system prerequisites access to modern energy services. This paper presents an assessment of biomass resources potential in Pakistan as renewable energy resources and reviews potentials to adopt efficient use of biomass for cooking, heating, and small decentralized electricity generation. Objective of this study is to increase the sustainability of the use of biomass as source of energy in developing countries like Pakistan by an integrating energy-efficient and modern appliances and technologies that fit into a sustainable development path. Promotion of cleaner technologies and efficient use of biomass energy constitute appropriate strategies to mitigate global climate, health risks, and help in attending the targets set by sustainable development goal (SDG) to confirm worldwide access to reliable, affordable, and modern energy services by 2030.

On the transferability of smart energy systems on off-grid islands using cluster analysis – A case study for the Philippine archipelago

Islands are highly diverse in their climatic, physical, social, and economic characteristics. Thus, each island’s energy system needs to be designed according to its specific features. However, similarities among islands exist which can enable the fast transfer of concepts and experiences with energy systems. In the Philippines, only few off-grid islands are incorporating smart energy systems through hybrid electricity systems. While most off-grid islands still do not have access to electricity, the majority of off-grid Philippine islands having access to electricity are powered primarily by diesel-fired generators. In this work, a cluster analysis is performed for 502 off-grid islands in the Philippine archipelago, classifying the islands according to their similarities in socio-economic and physical characteristics, and indigenous energy resource potential. The results show that most of the islands belong to five clusters of very small and small islands for which photovoltaic-battery systems would be the favourable backbone of a future energy system based on renewable energies. These islands show a varying level of feasibility for harnessing wind energy. In medium and big islands, opportunities of linking electricity systems to water supply and thermal energy loads as well as to the transport sector, are identified and their relevance in the clusters is discussed. The results are consistent with the validation of the individual characteristics of chosen off-grid islands. The cluster analysis results support policy makers and private investors in deciding which smart energy system projects are suitable for which particular islands.

A review on the regional collaboration of power utilisation in South Asia

Economic prosperity and development in South Asia are significantly restricted by the insufficient power supply. Inadequate indigenous energy resource of each South Asian nation is not enough to generate power for meeting the growing demand. Moreover, the availability of limited indigenous energy resources differs from one country to another in South Asia. In addition to availability variation of indigenous energy sources, the climate conditions also vary resulting in variable power demand and power generation capacity. This paper reviews the current power generation capacity of all eight nations of South Asia. It highlights the bilateral and multilateral collaboration opportunities in power generation and the need for cross boarder power trade among South Asian nations. The review emphasises that the bilateral and multi-lateral cooperation will allow overcoming regional power shortage and augmenting collective energy security, economic and political integration.

Hybrid Power Generation by Using Solar and Wind Energy: Case Study

Energy is critical to the economic growth and social development of any country. Indigenous energy resources need to be developed to the optimum level to minimize dependence on imported fuels, subject to resolving economic, environmental and social constraints. This led to an increase in research and development as well as investments in the renewable energy industry in search of ways to meet the energy demand and to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. Wind and solar energy are becoming popular owing to the abundance, availability and ease of harnessing the energy for electrical power generation. This paper focuses on an integrated hybrid renewable energy system consisting of wind and solar energies. Many parts of Libya have the potential for the development of economic power generation, so maps locations were used to identify where both wind and solar potentials are high. The focal point of this paper is to describe and evaluate a wind-solar hybrid power generation system for a selected location. Grid-tied power generation systems make use of solar PV or wind turbines to produce electricity and supply the load by connecting to the grid. In this study, the HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) computer modeling software was used to model the power system, its physical behavior and its life cycle cost. Computer modeling software was used to model the power system, its physical behavior and its life cycle cost. The hybrid power system was designed for a building at the University of Al-Marj (MARJU). Through the use of simulations, the installation of ten 100-kW wind turbines and 150-KW solar PV was evaluated.

“Barely surviving on a pile of gold”: Arguing for the case of peat energy in 2010s Finland

While the share of peat in Finland's energy mix today amounts to only around 4%, peat recurrently returns to the center stage in Finnish energy-related public debates. As an indigenous energy resource, peat is a welcome addition to the energy mix of the heavily energy-dependent country. In addition, the employment impacts of peat production are considered significant. These benefits are, however, contradicted by the environmental impacts and climate emissions caused by peat energy. The conflicting interests revolving around peat have resulted in constantly shifting national peat policies as well as infrequent “explosions” of public and political debates on peat production. This article explores two of the most recent politicizations of peat through an empirical focus on the short-lived promotion campaigns that sparked widespread public debate: the 2010 “2 prosenttia” [2%] internet campaign from the state-majority-owned energy company VAPO and the 2017 “Turveinfo” [peat info] campaign launched by The Bioenergy Association of Finland. Through an analysis of the colorful and provocative promotion campaigns, this article (1) explores the arguments and rhetoric through which political support of peat is being acquired from the Finnish public and (2) examines what crises in the 2010s Finland peat is constructed as the (only) logical answer for.

An overview of Turkey's renewable energy trend

As an energy dependent country, Turkey is supplying almost all of its energy demand with imports, but it can significantly reduce its energy dependency exploiting its indigenous energy resources as much as possible. Turkey has started to notice and utilize its resources after 2005 with a serious contribution of the renewable energy law. In this study, renewable energy potential of Turkey is presented first. After that, renewable energy targets of Turkey in 2023 are mentioned. Following them, the development of renewable energy utilization in Turkey between 2005 and 2017 is given in detail, and discussed. According to the analysis results obtained regarding the 12 year-renewable energy development process of Turkey, it can be concluded that Turkey is in a good state regarding renewable energy shares in installed power capacity and power generation with the percentages 11% and 8%, respectively. However, it is still far away from its 2023 targets to be expected as 30% for power generation.

Establishing an energy security framework for a fast-growing economy: Industry perspectives from Turkey

Energy security is currently one of the priorities in governmental agendas, particularly for fast-growing economies such as Turkey. These economies which typically depend on energy-intense industrial production require a consistent, reliable supply of energy to support their economic development, especially the ones with limited indigenous energy resources. As the Industrial sector plays a major role in energy demand, the successful implementation of energy security strategy also depends on the cooperation of intensive energy consuming industrial companies. Therefore, this paper investigates the interrelationship between Turkish industry’s perspective and government’s energy security strategy papers, providing a case with the potential to enlighten the process. It also aims to gain insight into the industry sector’s view of the energy security in this context, through a qualitative inquiry. An analysis of resulting concepts, and the interaction and interrelation among these enable the development of a Turkish energy security framework based on the views of industrial sector. In addition, a set of policy recommendations are developed following this framework. This study also identifies possible areas of discrepancies between industry and government perceptions, and thus, potentially promoting levels of interaction and understanding between the two key parties.

Regional Power Trading and Energy Exchange Platforms

Abstract South Asia is the home of over 1.6 billion people. The countries in the region are aspiring to become fully developed nations by the middle of this century. Rapid industrialization and attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) are important requirement to achieve this goal. South Asian nations thus need secured energy and power generation, distribution and supply. Currently the entire South Asian region is energy deficient. Hence achieving energy security and adequate generation of power pose a major challenge. However, regional and sub-regional collaboration in energy and power can enhance energy security if indigenous energy resources are collectively utilized by the member countries. The recently established Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) aims to facilitate in-country and cross-border power and energy trading. Both power producers and buyers can bid live through the IEX platform. This paper reviews some features of IEX and Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) in order to understand the operating mechanism of such energy and power trading platforms.

Small hydropower for renewable energy and water efficiency in Turkey

Because of social and economic development, the demand for energy and particularly for electricity is growing rapidly in Turkey. The main indigenous energy resources are hydro and lignite. Turkey has no big oil and gas reserves. Almost all oil natural gas (NG) and high quality coal are imported. It has a large potential for renewable energies. Hydroelectricity is well established as one of the principal energy-producing technologies around world, providing some 20 % of the world’s electricity. In the developing countries, the proportion rises to around 40-50%. The capacity of large hydroelectric schemes can be several times that of a conventional power station. They are highly efficient, reliable, and long lasting. Turkey has an abundant hydropower potential to be used for generation of electricity and must increase hydropower production in the near future. For these reasons, hydropower and especially small hydropower are emphasized as Turkey’s renewable energy sources. In this paper, to increase production of hydroelectric energy, some streams which are in the different basins in Turkey, have been analysed and some conclusions obtained from this study have been presented.