Indigenous Citizen Research Articles

Amplifying Older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women's Perspectives to Promote Digital Health Equity: Co-Designed Qualitative Study.

Digital health is becoming ubiquitous, and we must ensure equity in access. Indigenous people across most high-income countries typically have not benefited as much as other citizens from usual health care systems and technologies. Despite Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people's clear interest in, and enthusiastic use of, new technologies, little research has examined the needs or interests of older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. This study prioritizes the perspectives of older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, tapping into their expertise associated with Indigenous ways of knowing, being, and doing, as well as their unique position within their families and communities, to design a model for using digital technologies to improve health for themselves and their families as well as their communities. Older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women from 4 partner organizations were recruited for this study. This co-designed qualitative research included citizen scientists in shaping the protocol as well as collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. We used yarning, an Indigenous research method validated for use in health research with Indigenous people and seen as respectful and culturally safe, as a primary research tool. The use of Indigenous methodologies and our iterative process enabled us to deeply explore and incorporate perspectives from all participants and ensure that the perspectives of Indigenous citizen scientists with lived experience were privileged. The data-checking methods also used a yarning methodology, which ensured that the findings and translational model derived from the findings were validated by the participants. Participants comprised 24 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women aged ≥41 years and including 3 generations that did not grow up with the internet: seniors, baby boomers, and Generation X. The key findings in this research were that older women use various digital technologies to improve health and well-being for themselves and their families as well as their communities. Older Aboriginal women want a culturally sensitive cyberspace that caters specifically to their needs and includes relevant content and functionality that are accessible and efficient. Our translational model highlights the conditions necessary for anyone to use digital health technologies, summarizes the essential elements needed to promote equity in digital health, and illuminates the unmet needs and requirements for older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women to fully benefit from digital health technologies. Health is a fundamental right. As we move toward greater reliance on digital health solutions, we must recognize and address the concerns of the smaller populations of people who differ in their needs. We must urgently address the financial, connectivity, and other limiting factors highlighted by older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in this study that limit equitable access to digital health tools. RR2-10.1177/20552076221084469.

El Derecho constitucional, el nuevo indio y el Estado: nueva agenda para la investigación

El descubrimiento del indígena fue el mayor hallazgo de las Ciencias Sociales peruanas del siglo xx. Para el campo jurídico, sin embargo, este descubrimiento es reciente y, se podría decir casi ausente. La Antropología jurídica y de los modelos políticos pueden y deben revertir la ausencia del hecho y del sujeto indígena en las ciencias del Estado, del poder, del Derecho Constitucional. Por ello, es necesario diseñar una nueva agenda de investigación que junte aportes de estas disciplinas. Se debe explicar –desde un punto de vista interdisciplinario jurídico, sociológico, antropológico cultural, y tomando en cuenta los aportes de la ciencia política– las causas y consecuencias del Derecho Constitucional.En este artículo se bosqueja dicha agenda para dar respuesta a la pregunta metodológica general de ¿cómo ha sido y es el Derecho Constitucional respecto a la diferencia cultural de los ciudadanos? y, de manera específica intenta responder a interrogantes como: ¿cuáles han sido las bases culturales e ideológicas que han fundamentado su elaboración y desarrollo? ¿a favor de qué grupo cultural se ha construido el Derecho Político? Asimismo, se plantean las respuestas, a manera de hipótesis, para describir el discurso del Derecho Constitucional peruano respecto a la multiculturalidad de su sociedad.

Living Dictionaries: A Platform for Indigenous and Under-Resourced Languages

ABSTRACT: Due to globalization, cultural assimilation, the long-term impacts of colonization, and official (or de facto ) policies hostile to linguistic diversity, many languages of the world are threatened or endangered. Free online technological tools can assist in documentation efforts and revitalization programs, while also providing safe online spaces in which materials can be systematically recorded and shared. Led by community activists and linguists, Living Dictionaries are collaborative multimedia projects that are editable, expandable, and searchable. Using the latest web technologies to facilitate the creation and storage of language data paired with digital images, audio and video recordings of native speakers, the platform is user-friendly and available in fourteen interface languages. Living Dictionaries promote visibility for under-resourced languages, foster connectivity over vast distances, and support an online community of language learners who wish to access a language without proximity to proficient speakers. The Living Dictionaries platform provides meaningful opportunities for Indigenous citizen science through regular training webinars.

Preserving rural school health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Indigenous citizen scientist perspectives from a qualitative study.

This qualitative study is part of Smart Indigenous Youth, a digital health community trial involving rural schools in Saskatchewan, Canada. Secondary school administrators and educators were engaged as citizen scientists in rural Indigenous communities to understand rapid decision-making processes for preserving school health during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to inform evidence-based safe school policies and practices. After COVID-19 restrictions were implemented, key informant interviews and focus groups were conducted with school administrators and educators, respectively, to understand the impact of school responses and decision-making processes. Two independent reviewers conducted thematic analyses and compared themes to reach consensus on a final shortlist. Four main themes emerged from the administrator interviews, and six main themes were identified from the educator focus group discussions which revealed a pressing need for mental health supports for students and educators. The study findings highlight the challenges faced by schools in rural and remote areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, including school closures, students' reactions to closures, measures taken by schools to preserve health during the pandemic, and different approaches to implement for future closures. Citizen scientists developed a set of recommendations, including the need for structured communication, reflection meetings, adequate funding, and external monitoring and evaluation to guide evidence-based safe school policies and practices during the pandemic.

Η ανάδυση του ξενοφοβικού εαυτού στην τρέχουσα ελληνική κοινωνική εμπειρία: Ευρήματα από ομάδες εστίασης

The present paper provides a theoretical discussion of the qualitative findings generated by 14 focus groups conducted as a means to study phenomena of xenophobia and racism, individual and collective reactions of host majority members towards immigrants under the contemporary conditions of economic crisis that the country is facing.The focus groups were organized in order to examine how these social and economic conditions shape the ways host majority members and immigrants coexist, their daily experiences, the type and quality ofintergroup relations. Content analysis was focused on the host society members’ lines of arguments, beliefs and perceptions that they developed on issues related to immigrants and immigration. The analysis revealed four different themes; a) xenophobia as negation and rejection of the foreigners, b) xenophobia as a reaction that derives from the idea of the “indigenous citizen” who is entitled to his/her resources, c) xenophobia as an ambivalent reaction, and d) the political production of xenophobia. The contemporary conditions of the country characterized by structural violence contribute in the emergence of a new type struggling xenophobic self as a generator of a negative dialectic relationship between an individual xenophobic reaction and acollective one.

Desafios e possibilidades no processo de garantia do currículo escolar específico em escolas indígenas

RESUMO: A importância de manter a identidade cultural, nos dias atuais, faz aos povos indígenas se desligarem de tantas imposições sofridas desde a invasão e genocídeo no Brasil. Fortalecendo as lutas pela conquista e independência na construção de um currículo específico que irá definir a identidade da comunidade escolar, a partir dos aspectos interculturais predominantes. Nesse âmbito, é evidente que, com o sugirmento da educação em berço ocidental, saibamos da grande importância de seu papel na formação do cidadão e construção de ideologias que movem e que garantem melhorias para a humanidade. A forma como as políticas educacionais assistenciam os povos tradicionais e sua educação diferenciada, que constantemente são reivindicados, visando oportunidades e melhorias na qualidade de educação para a formação cidadã indígena, digna de reconhecimento por suas origens ancestrais. Objetivou-se com a presente pesquisa, de cunho bibliográfico, analisar o direito de se ter um currículo diferenciado na Educação Escolar Indígena, foi realizada entre os meses de junho do ano de 2016 a agosto do ano de 2017. No decorrer da pesquisa, foram realizadas vários estudos e discussões sobre a educação escolar indígena, sobre currículo e o desafio da busca por um currículo específico, abordando as dificuldades e anseios que a educação escolar indígena alagoana vem enfrentando há anos. O aporte teórico usado para refletir sobre o tema em questão foi com base em: Alagoas (2015); Brasil (1988, 1991, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2014); Bergamaschi (2012); Eyng (2010); Grupioni (2006); Lopes (2008); Malta (2013); Munari (2010) e Vilar (2017). A pesquisa traz como evidências, a necessidade de se garantir um currículo escolar específico às escolas indígenas, visando contribuir para a oferta de uma educação escolar intercultural com contextualização, promovendo um currículo propício a cultura local. Neste sentido, teve como objetivo proporcionar aos índios, suas comunidades e povos, a recuperação de suas memórias históricas e reafirmação de suas identidades étnicas e a valorização de suas línguas e ciências. Esta escola necessita desenvolver um trabalho de forma coletiva em prol da construção de um currículo específico que objetive a melhoria do ensino-aprendizagem, possibilitando aos educadores e educandos uma convivência criativa, humanizada, transformadora, solidária e cultural integrada ao contexto no qual estão inseridos, sem desrespeitar as crenças e práticas culturais dos indígenas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação Escolar Indígena. Identidade cultural. Currículo.

Citizens of the World: Writing the Citizen in Contemporary Indigenous Life Writing

Indigenous citizenship and the status of the Indigenous citizen in both the United States and Canada are multilayered issues marked by inconsistencies and contradictions and by tensions of affiliation between different polities, most prominently the tribal nation and the settler nation-state. Literary texts by Native American and First Nations authors have consistently addressed such tensions and presented complex narratives of Indigenous belonging, rights, and notions of community, both within and against national frameworks. Most of the work on citizenship in Indigenous literatures done by literary scholars tends to focus either on fiction or political non-fiction, but surprisingly little attention has been paid to Indigenous life writing as a way of not only constructing a story of self but also a story of social engagement that can productively negotiate competing stories of belonging and membership within, across, or even outside nation-states. Indigenous life writing, this contribution sets out to argue, draws on a range of genre conventions as well as culturally available models of selfhood to tell such stories. Analyzing the memoirs of three Indigenous political leaders—Wilma Mankiller (Cherokee), Sheila Watt-Cloutier (Inuit), and Wab Kinew ­(Anishinaabe)—shows how different narrative conventions—historiography, the activist memoir, the filial narrative—are used by the autobiographers to tell complex stories of agency, affiliation, and relationality that are ultimately directed towards the future of their communities.

North Korean Human Rights: Activists and Networks ed. by Andrew Yeo & Danielle Chubb

Reviewed by: North Korean Human Rights: Activists and Networks ed. by Andrew Yeo & Danielle Chubb David Hawk, Adjunct Lecturer (bio) North Korean Human Rights: Activists and Networks ( Andrew Yeo & Danielle Chubb eds., Cambridge University Press, 2018), ISBN-13: 978-1108425490, 330 pages. North Korean Human Rights: Activists and Networks1 collects twelve essays on the transnational non-governmental efforts to promote human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea). The core chapters are descriptions of the North Korean human rights activist movements in South Korea, Japan, the United States, and Western Europe. Other chapters examine the outreach of North Korean refugees now living in South Korea (commonly called "defectors" there),2 efforts to get information about the outside world into North Korea, NGO (nongovernmental organization) efforts at the United Nations, and North Korea's efforts to respond to the accusations and advocacy directed against its human rights practices. Two of these chapters were written by NGO activists, and the other chapters were written by young scholars in the United States, Japan, Australia, and South Korea. A number of chapters attempt to utilize social science methodologies and to infuse their analyses with contemporary academic theory. Promoting human rights in North Korea is unique in today's world owing to both the DPRK's deliberate selfisolation from most normal interaction with the international community and the "closed" nature of North Korean society.3 In virtually every other country situation, transnational NGOs work in consultation with and in support of indigenous citizen activists and rights defenders. However, North Korea has no civil society and citizen surveillance is ubiquitous. Citizen associations, media, and broadcasts are under the direct control of the Korean Workers' Party and the various DPRK State organs, and there is virtually no unauthorized or unsupervised contact or communication.4 Thus, just about all human rights activists and NGOs can do is document violations (mostly from information provided [End Page 290] by refugees) and seek to inform international public opinion and influence the posture of other nation-states, particularly in a variety of UN fora. In these efforts, human rights advocates have achieved considerable success. North Korean human rights violations have become a major subject of international concern, second only to North Korea's nuclear weapons programs. "[T]he situation of human rights in the DPRK"5 is assessed and condemned annually by huge majorities at the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) and UN General Assembly, and, from 2014 through 2017, North Korean human rights violations were discussed annually by the UN Security Council. Such "successes" are, of course, penultimate, as the ultimate goal is to affect the human rights practices of the regime and improve the lives of the North Korean citizenry. Notwithstanding, this volume is packed with information about efforts to accomplish this and thus fills in a gap in the now voluminous academic and policy literature on North Korea. Several chapters stand out. Celeste Arrington, an Assistant Professor at George Washington University, provides a clear account of the complex relationship between Japan and North Korea6—the huge concern in Japan about previous North Korean abductions of Japanese citizens, a major political issue—and articulates concerns about North Korean mistreatments of North Koreans. This includes ethnic Koreans once resident in Japan who migrated to the DPRK in the 1960s (many of whom ended up in prison camps). Several hundred of these ethnic Koreans escaped to China and again returned to Japan. Sandra Fahy, a Korean-speaking anthropologist teaching at Sophia University in Tokyo, provides a fine account of North Korea's counterproductive and self-defeating responses to human rights criticism.7 In her chapter in North Korean Human Rights, Fahy analyzes the DPRK responses at the UN Commission of Inquiry (COI)-generated criticism; perhaps more importantly, she analyzes North Korean domestic media such as the Korean Central News Agency and Rodong Sinmun, the leading newspaper of the DPRK.8 North Korea's self-defense includes what Fahy terms "ersatz civil society" commentary by governmentinstigated non-governmental organizations (GINGOs)9 and so-called "man-inthe-street" interviews.10 Fahy finds North Korean responses to human rights advocacy to be self-discrediting abroad and counterproductive...

Aporias of foreignness: transnational encounters in cinema

ABSTRACTThis introduction examines the meaning of foreignness, drawing on Jacques Derrida‘s discussion of ‘the aporia’ to propose that foreignness is critically aporetic - undecidable and unstable. At a moment when racist political rhetoric is being normalized and xenophobic political movements are on the rise, thinking about ‘aporias of foreignness’ allows us to reflect upon questions of belonging and hospitality, and the complexity and historical contingency of the relationship between self and other, indigenous citizen and immigrant, asylum-seeker or refugee. The introductory chapter proposes that cinema is a crucial medium through which to rethink foreignness since cinema always involves a potentially disorienting encounter with the unfamiliar, an encounter that is at the centre of the work of artist Ai Weiwei in film and other media.

INDIGENOUS PROTAGONISM IN RORAIMA AND ENVIRONMENT GUARDIANSHIP INSIDE THE SÃO MARCOS INDIGENOUS LAND

This paper presents a case study about an environmental lawsuit proposed by an indigenous citizen and signed by an indigenous lawyer aiming at preserving the environment inside the Indigenous Land of São Marcos, near Pacaraima city seat, at the border of the Indigenous Community of Ouro Preto. The case is about the irregular disposal of solid waste by the city seat inside the indigenous land and within the limits of the community where the tuxaua author of lawsuit lives. The objective of the paper is to check whether the judicialization of this environmental claim resulted in the maturation of the indigenous movement pointed out by the exercise of the full protagonism in solving problems arising from the relationship with the Brazilian State. The methodological procedures were partially empirical, based on two years of field observations, carried out at the community and in several meetings at the Public Prosecution Office in Roraima, workshops and assemblies with indigenous leaderships; bibliographic and documental, based on literature and on procedural documents. Finally, it was possible to observe the indigenous protagonism in the defense of their interests through the judicial apparatus of the State, reinforced, in the concrete case, by the nature of the indigenous land as a conservation unit and abandonment of the government tradition of the representation guardianship.

Women Transcending “Boundaries” in Indigenous Peacebuilding in Kenya’s Sotik/Borabu Border Conflict

Opinion and understanding on the consequences of violent conflict on women, and the importance of their participation in peacebuilding processes is varied. What exactly are women’s roles in violent conflict transformation and peacebuilding? What can be done to enhance women's role and contribution to peacebuilding processes? This study addresses these and other questions concerning women’s experiences of and responses to violent conflict. Drawing from the human needs approach, the study explores grassroots women’s engagement of peacebuilding through the promotion of social capital as both a public and private good. The study explores how, women have (re)discovered, (re)formulated, (re)framed and (re)adapted their traditional gender roles for peacebuilding, empowerment and development. The adopted indigenous conflict resolution approaches, knowledge and citizen peacekeeping are playing a prominent role in reappraising and building sustainable peace. Individually and collectively, women contribute to peacebuilding in many ways; though their contributions are often neglected because they take avant-garde forms, occur outside formal peace processes or are considered extensions of women’s existing gender roles. The study is based on an ethnographic case study of Kenya’s Sotik/Borabu cross-border conflict.

Indigenous peoples and citizen science

Indigenous peoples and citizen science

¿INTEGRACIÓN SOCIAL Y SUBORDINACIÓN POLÍTICA DE LOS AYMARA?: UN ESTUDIO DE LA CERTIFICACIÓN ESTATAL INDÍGENA EN EL NORTE CHILENO

Los procesos de integracion/inclusion del pueblo aymara a la comunidad politica y nacional constituye el interes central de una investigacion en curso, cuyo punto de partida fue conocer la respuesta de la colectividad aymara de la Region de Arica-Parinacota a las iniciativas estatales de discriminacion positiva. Revisamos aqui antecedentes relacionados con el proceso de acreditacion de la condicion indigena, provenientes de la Corporacion Nacional para el Desarrollo Indigena (CONADI). El analisis de estos datos nos planteo varias preguntas en torno a las experiencias de ser ciudadano e indigena hoy, y que son abordadas en este articulo. Una estrategia metodologica complementaria fue entrevistar a personas que solicitaron la certificacion, con la finalidad de conocer sus argumentos y explorar en los significados que elaboran los actores. Los resultados muestran que el Estado persiste en politicas asistencialistas, en tanto que la colectividad aymara continua buscando nuevas formas de cumplir sus aspiraciones de ser parte de la sociedad mayor. The main purpose of this research is the process of integration/inclusion of the Aymara people into political and national community. The starting point was to know the answer or response of Aymara community (Arica-Parinacota) to the affirmation politic raised from the state. Here we analyzed data related to the process called indigenous condition accreditation, impulse by the national corporation for the indigenous development (CONADI). This raised several questions about the experience of being and indigenous citizen today addressed in this article. A complementary methodology was to interview people who applied for the certification, with the intention to now their argument and study the meanings elaborated by the actors. The data analyses show that the state insist in paternalistic politics, meanwhile the Aymara community keep looking for new ways to by a part of the hegemonic society.

A socio-history of the media and participation in Uganda

This article is based on research done for a doctoral thesis titled Indigenous language programming and citizen participation in Ugandan broadcasting: An exploratory study (Chibita, 2006). The purpose of the thesis was to investigate and show the importance of first-language media for the participation of citizens in democratic processes. The thesis covered a wide range of topics including linguistic perspectives on language and participation, the history, structure and operation of the media in Uganda, the regulatory environment for linguistic diversity in Uganda's broadcast media, debates about indigenous language broadcasting in Uganda, and policy recommendations. In this article, the emphasis is on one of the topics dealt with in the thesis, namely key political, economic and cultural factors in Uganda's history and how these factors, including the right to the use of indigenous languages, have had an important impact on citizens' capacity to participate in public debate through the media (especially broadcasting). It is argued that the opportunities for Ugandans to participate in their governance through critiquing and making an input in government policy have been limited by a number of factors. These include bad colonial and postcolonial policies on the media and language, poverty, low levels of education, and lack of basic access to the means of participation. They have also been limited by governments which have proscribed freedom of expression and association by varying means and to different degrees since the early twentieth century.

CITIZENSHIP, NATIONHOOD, AND MASCULINITY IN THE AFFAIR OF THE HANOVERIAN SOLDIER, 1756

This article explores mid-Georgian debates about the nature of citizenship by focusing on a key political scandal that has hitherto been overlooked by modern historians. In 1756, one of the many Hanoverian soldiers who were stationed in England was arrested for theft in Maidstone. The subsequent efforts to release him on the part of his military superiors and the British government created a political controversy that highlighted issues such as legal liberty, the abuse of executive power, home defence policy, and the moral state of the nation. In particular, this article argues that the furore gave weight to contemporary calls to reform the militia, not so much for instrumental military reasons, but for the supposed social and political benefits of an organization that relied upon the patriotic zeal and masculine virtue of the indigenous citizen. This article is therefore a contribution to the new cultural histories of politics that emphasize the roles of nation and gender in conceptions of citizenship, and argues that the Seven Years War was in this respect a moment of crucial importance.

Politicizing the Sexual, Sexualizing the Political: The Crossing of Political and Sexual Orientations in Stephen Frears' and Hanif Kureishi's My Beautiful Laundrette (1986)

In her 1988 book, Étrangers à nous-mêmes, Julia Kristeva explores various ways in which one can resist the myth of the often over-used oppositional dyad of the indigenous citizen and the foreign individual within contemporary multicultural social space. 1 In a remarkable departure from the impasse that such an opposition has been seen to create, she states the following:

Imagining the Good Indigenous Citizen: Race War and the Pathology of Patriarchal White Sovereignty

In June 2007, the Australian federal government sent military and policy into Indigenous communities in the Northern Territory on the premise that sexual abuse of children was rampant and a national crisis. This article draws on Foucault’s work on sovereignty and rights to argue that patriarchal white sovereignty as a regime of power deploys a discourse of pathology in the exercising of sovereign right to subjugate and discipline Indigenous people as good citizens.