Indigenous Bacterial Consortium Research Articles

Constructed wetland mesocosms improve the biodegradation of microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin by indigenous bacterial consortia

Cyanobacterial blooms releasing harmful cyanotoxins, such as microcystin (MC) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), are prominent threats to human and animal health. Constructed wetlands (CW) may be a nature-based solution for bioremediation of lake surface water containing cyanotoxins, due to its low-cost requirement of infrastructure and environmentally friendly operation. There is recent evidence that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) can efficiently be removed in CW microcosms where CYN degradation in CW is unknown. Likewise, the mechanistic background regarding cyanotoxins transformation in CW is not yet elucidated. In the present study, the objective was to compare MC-LR and CYN degradation efficiencies by two similar microbial communities obtained from CW mesocosms, by two different experiments setup: 1) in vitro batch experiment in serum bottles with an introduced CW community, and 2) degradation in CW mesocosms. In experiment 1) MC-LR and CYN were spiked at 100 µg L−1 and in experiment 2) 200 µg L−1 were spiked. Results showed that MC-LR was degraded to ≤1 µg L−1 within seven days in both experiments. However, with a markedly higher degradation rate constant in the CW mesocosms (0.18 day−1 and 0.75 day−1, respectively). No CYN removal was detected in the in vitro incubations, whereas around 50 % of the spiked CYN was removed in the CW mesocosms. The microbial community responded markedly to the cyanotoxin treatment, with the most prominent increase of bacteria affiliated with Methylophilaceae (order: Methylophilales, phylum: Proteobacteria). The results strongly indicate that CWs can develop an active microbial community capable of efficient removal of MC-LR and CYN. However, the CW operational conditions need to be optimized to achieve a full CYN degradation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the ability of CW mesocosms to degrade CYN.

An indigenous bacterial consortium from Argentinean traditional dry sausages as a pilot-scale fermentation starter

An indigenous bacterial consortium from Argentinean traditional dry sausages as a pilot-scale fermentation starter

Biochar inoculated with Pseudomonas putida alleviates its inhibitory effect on biodegradation pathways in phenanthrene-contaminated soil

Controversial results are reported whereby biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be promoted or inhibited by biochar amendment of soil. Metabolomics was applied to analyze the metabolic profiles of amendment with biochar (BB) and biochar inoculated with functional bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) (BP) involved in phenanthrene (PHE) degradation. Additionally, metagenomic analysis was utilized to assess the impact of different treatments on PHE degradation by soil microorganisms. Results indicated that BB treatment decreased the PHE biodegradation of the soil indigenous bacterial consortium, but BP treatment alleviated this inhibitory effect. Metabolomics revealed the differential metabolite 9-phenanthrol was absent in the BB treatment, but was found in the control group (CK), and in the treatment inoculated with the Pseudomonas putida (Ps) and the BP treatment. Metagenomic analysis showed that biochar decreased the abundance of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP116), which was detected in the Pseudomonas putida, thus alleviating the inhibitory effect of biochar on PHE degradation. Moreover, a noticeable delayed increase of functional gene abundance and enzymes abundance in the BB treatment was observed in the PHE degradation pathway. Our findings elucidate the mechanism of inhibition with biochar amendment and the alleviating effect of biochar inoculated with degrading bacteria.

Decolorization and detoxification of real textile dyes wastewater using free and immobilized indigenous bacterial consortium in semi-pilot scale

Decolorization and detoxification of real textile dyes wastewater using free and immobilized indigenous bacterial consortium in semi-pilot scale

Enhanced biodegradation of crude oil contamination by indigenous bacterial consortium under real conditions

This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of using locally isolated bacteria to degrade crude oil in sea water-based medium. The bacteria were isolated from water samples taken from different sea environments (Mediterranean, Aegean, Marmara, and Black Sea). The experiments for crude oil degradation were carried out in small volume (100 mL sea water medium in 250 mL shaking flasks) or large volume (14 L sea water-based medium in a plastic container). Furthermore, the media were not sterilized and remained open to the environment (non-sterile conditions). On the other hand, the media were shaken at a low speed of 50 rpm to mimic sea conditions. Of twelve bacterial isolates, four isolates (PB1, PB4, PB6, and PB7) having higher oil degradation potential were selected. According to 16S rRNA analysis, the isolates PB4 and PB6 were identified as, respectively, Rhodococcus qingshengii and Alcanivorax venustensis, and the other two isolates (PB1 and PB7) as Pseudomonas sabulinigri. When the usability of four isolates alone or as a co-culture for crude oil degradation was tested, co-cultures were found to cause more crude oil degradation than individual bacterial cultures. Among the co-cultures, the maximum degradation of crude oil was achieved with the association of PB6 + PB4. During the experiments, carbon sources and minerals were not supplemented to the sea water medium, and even the supplementation of only nitrogen source (especially ammonium sulphate) was determined to significantly enhance the crude oil degradation potential of the bacterial consortium (PB6 + PB4). Spectrophotometric analyses (OD225) demonstrated that crude oil degradation continued up to 12th day in small volume but 16th day in large volume. GC-MS analyses revealed that co-culture of PB6 and PB4 degraded 100% of C9–C12 and C16–C29 hydrocarbons and 85% of C13–C15 hydrocarbons.

Isolation and characterization of indigenous bacterial consortium for augmentation of biofertilizer potential for biogas plant waste (Jabalpur, M.P., India)

The integrated approach to determine the most favourable plant-microorganism interaction is critical for improving and maintaining agricultural land production. The present trend of using low-input chemicals and waste as biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture systems will help to achieve this aim. Biogas plant waste efficiency may be improved by employing indigenous microorganisms to fix NPK in soil. We successfully demonstrated the utilisation of isolated bacterial inoculums for improving the biofertilizer potential of biogas plant waste in Jabalpur, M.P., India for several leguminous crops. The inoculum creation technology employed in this work is capable of creating enough effective inoculum with a reasonable shelf life for economical usage in various agricultural systems. Farmers would be able to grasp the impacts of biofertilizers produced from biogas plant waste and would be eager to utilise them because of their increased viability and high NPK value. This contributes to the achievement of an environmentally benign and cost-effective solution for increased plant growth from healthy soil.

Biodegradation of phenol-rich sewage water using indigenous bacterial consortium: a laboratory- to plant-scale study

Biodegradation of phenol-rich sewage water using indigenous bacterial consortium: a laboratory- to plant-scale study

Constructed wetland mesocosms improve the biodegradation of microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin by indigenous bacterial consortia

Constructed wetland mesocosms improve the biodegradation of microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin by indigenous bacterial consortia

Growth Responses Of Maize And Soybean To Application Of Rhizosphere Bacterial Consortium From Dry Land North Lombok

This research aimed to study the growth responses of maize and soybean to the indigenous bacterial consortium application isolated from Lombok dryland farm. The study was tested in the sterile soil and nonsterile soil of growing media and with a different water capacity of growing media. The soil was taken from North Lombok dryland farm. Sterile soil was prepared by sterilization using an autoclave. The bacterial consortium was prepared by mixing 15 inoculums of rhizosphere bacteria isolated from Lombok dryland farm. The consortium inoculation by soil inoculation technique. The water capacity of growing media was set to 25%, 50%, and 75%. This research was done in the greenhouse scale. Growth parameters that analyzed were leaf number, leaf wide, leaf length, plant length, fresh weight of upper biomass, and dry weight of upper biomass. The results showed that plant growth is better in sterile soil compared to nonsterile soil. Plant growth is better also in the sterile soil inoculated with the bacterial consortium compared to nonsterile soil inoculated with the bacterial consortium. Plant growth was better in 75% and 50% than 25% water holding capacity of growing
 
 Keyword: bacterial consortium, dryland farm, rhizosphere, North Lombok

Enhancement of Cr(VI) reduction by indigenous bacterial consortia using natural pyrite: A detailed study to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the highly efficient and possible sustainable system

Pyrite was applied to Cr(VI) bioremediation as an inorganic electron donor due to the ability to provide electrons, while the role of pyrite in Cr(VI) bioremediation where organics as electron donors remains unknown. Herein a pyrite-based Cr(VI) bioreduction process in the sediment system containing lactate was demonstrated to be effective to detoxify Cr(VI): over 2200 mg L−1 Cr(VI) was continuously removed within 210 h with high reactivity (10.5 mg/(L·h)) all along. High-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing indicated that the pyrite could shape a functioning community that electrochemically active bacteria dominated (such as Fusibacter sp. and Rhodobacteraceae) instead of iron-oxidizing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Mineralogy analysis results indicated that Fe(III), S22− and S0 formed on the pyrite surface after the oxidation of Cr(VI) might serve as the electron acceptor of microflora, then the S2− and Fe(II) with strong Cr(VI) reduction ability were formed by microbial reduction to enhance the removal of Cr(VI). This study provides new insights into thoroughly understanding the role of pyrite in the practical application of Cr(VI) bioreduction.

Acidic Neutralization by Indigenous Bacteria Isolated from Abandoned Mine Areas

Soil acidification has been a serious problem in abandoned mine areas, and could be exacerbated by acid deposition with the release of mine wastes. In this study, three different indigenous bacterial consortia were isolated from abandoned mines in South Korea, from which the potential for acid neutralization of microorganisms was evaluated. They were all able to neutralize acidity within 24 h in the liquid nutrient medium. Moreover, a strong positive correlation (R = +0.922, p < 0.05) was established between the ammonium ion (NH4+) production yield and the resulting pH, indicating that NH4+ served as an important metabolite for biological neutralization. Serratialiquefaciens, Citrobacter youngae, Pseudescherichia vulneris, and Serratia grimesii had higher acid neutralization ability to generate NH4+ by the metabolism of nitrogen compounds such as carboxylation and urea hydrolysis. Therefore, acidic soils can be expected to be ameliorated by indigenous microorganisms through in situ biostimulation with the adequate introduction of nitrogenous substances into the soil environments.

Biodegradation of Carcinogenic Reactive Azo Dyes by Indigenous Bacterial Consortium X5RC5

Reactive azo dyes are considered as a major source of water and soil contamination. Carcinogenicity and the recalcitrant nature of these dyes is a worldwide problem. Exclusion of these dyes from the effluent is necessary for a clean and green environment. A bacterial consortium X5RC5 was developed for the effective removal of two of the primary reactive azo dyes utilized widely in textile industries (reactive orange 3R and reactive red HE7B). The consortium includes two indigenous bacterial isolates, Lysinibacillus macroides and Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila, from textile effluent. The X5RC5 completely degraded the reactive orange 3R in 4 days and reactive red HE7B in 5 days of incubation periods. In two days, more than 50% degradation was observed for both dyes. Biodegradation of these dyes was affirmed through the UV-Vis spectra and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. This investigation advances the utilization of consortium X5RC5 as a biological tool for the bio-handling of effluent containing dyes.

Evaluation of Cr(VI) Reduction Using Indigenous Bacterial Consortium Isolated from a Municipal Wastewater Sludge: Batch and Kinetic Studies

Hexavalent Chromium (Cr(VI)) has long been known to be highly mobile and toxic when compared with the other stable oxidation state, Cr(III). Cr(VI)-soluble environmental pollutants have been detected in soils and water bodies receiving industrial and agricultural waste. The reduction of Cr(VI) by microbial organisms is considered to be an environmentally compatible, less expensive and sustainable remediation alternative when compared to conventional treatment methods, such as chemical neutralization and chemical precipitation of Cr. This study aims to isolate and identify the composition of the microbial consortium culture isolated from waste activated sludge and digested sludge from a local wastewater treatment plant receiving high loads of Cr(VI) from an abandoned chrome foundry in Brits (North Waste Province, South Africa). Furthermore, the Cr(VI) reduction capability and efficiency by the isolated bacteria were investigated under a range of operational conditions, i.e., pH, temperature and Cr(VI) loading. The culture showed great efficiency in reduction capability, with 100% removal in less than 4 h at a nominal loading concentration of 50 mg Cr(VI)/L. The culture showed resilience by achieving total removal at concentrations as high as 400 mg Cr(VI)/L. The consortia exhibited considerable Cr(VI) removal efficiency in the pH range from 2 to 11, with 100% removal being achieved at a pH value of 7 at a 37 ± 1 °C incubation temperature. The time course reduction data fitted well on both first and second-order exponential rate equation yielding first-order rate constants in the range 0.615 to 0.011 h−1 and second order rate constants 0.0532 to 5 × 10−5 L·mg−1·h−1 for Cr(VI) concentration of 50–400 mg/L. This study demonstrated the bacterial consortium from municipal wastewater sludge has a high tolerance and reduction ability over a wide range of experimental conditions. Thus, show promise that bacteria could be used for hexavalent chromium remediate in contaminated sites.

Potential biodegradation of Tapis Light Crude Petroleum Oil, using palm oil mill effluent final discharge as biostimulant for isolated halotolerant Bacillus strains

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution in marine waters has been an extremely significant environmental and health issue worldwide. This study aims at constructing an efficient indigenous bacterial consortium to biodegrade Tapis Light Crude Petroleum Oil (TLCO). The local agro-industrial wastewater of palm oil mill effluent final discharge (POME FD) was used as biostimulant to enhance the biodegradation efficiency. In this study, three TLCO degrading bacteria were isolated from seawater samples collected. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA genes sequencing was done and results show that these isolated strains belong to: Bacillus tropicus, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis. Bacterial consortium tested using four different concentrations of POME FD (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1%) as biostimulant and TLCO (0.5 and 1.0%) degradation capability was investigated. The residual TLCO in culture medium after 40 days was analysed. The results confirmed that POME FD dosage of 0.25% is optimum for the bacterial consortium and can degrade 99.85% of TLCO at 0.5%. However, TLCO degradation with POME FD dosage (0.25%) in TLCO (1.0%) was found optimum, with biodegradation reaching up to 95.23% in 40 days. This study is a beginning for the future development of a consortium of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria to mitigate oil spills in the Malaysian shoreline.

Response Surface Methodology to Investigate the Comparison of Two Carbon-based Air Cathodes for Bio-electrochemical Systems

: Bio-electrochemical technologies can generate renewable electrical bioenergy from oxidation of organic materials through the catalytic reactions of the microorganisms while treating the wastewater. In this study, the use of carbon aerogel as a novel catalyst with high porosity(the total pore volume of 1.84 cm3g-1) and high surface area (491.7 m2/g) for improving the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance was compared to that of the conventional activated carbon, employed as an air cathode catalyst in bio-electrochemical systems, with the indigenous bacterial consortium. The electrochemical studies revealed the higher power efficiency in the use of carbon aerogel (with the maximum power density and current density of a 675 mWm-2 and 33.1 mAm-2, respectively), as compared to the activated carbon (with the maximum power density and current density of 668.98 mWm-2 and 23.2 mAm-2, respectively). The performance of the two materials and optimum conditions for electricity production were examined using the Response Surface Method (RSM) as an optimal design method. Statistical analysis confirmed that the carbon aerogel performed better than the activated carbon in power production and facilitated cathodic redox reactions. Comparison of two catalysts showed that the redox reactions occurred in the presence of carbon aerogel more facilitated and in a wider range, produced 1.2 times more current (the maximum 2.1 mA and 1.69 mA current). Carbon aerogel, with a suitable load absorbance and resistance to oxidation at urban wastewater pH can be, therefore, coated on electrodes to facilitate the oxidation-reduction reactions and electricity transmission.

The Chemical Compounds from Degradation of Profenofos and Malathion by Indigenous Bacterial Consortium

The Indonesian Pesticide Regulations state that Malathion and Profenofos have been restricted in their use for agriculture because of is bioaccumulative in ecological systems. Cleaning technology using microorganisms is an effective solution for cleaning pesticide residues. This study aims to identify the bacteria that degrade and the degradation process of Malathion and Profenophos into non-toxic compounds. The research method was experimental, identification of bacteria by 16S-rRNA gene analysis, degradation ability by GC MS. The results of phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the tested bacteria were closely related to Oceanobacillus iheyenis (RPL1) and Exiquobacterium profundum (RPL5) with a similarity level of 87% and 99%. The two bacteria are used as a consortium of test bacteria. The results of degradation based on the observation chromatogram T = 0 showed that the Malathion compound C10H19O6PS2 or butanedioic acid [(dimethoxyphosphinothioyl) thio]) was detected at peak 4, real-time = 19,675, area% = 7.37 and Profenofos compound C11H15BrClO3PSO-(4-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)o-ethyl s-propyl thiophosphate, peak 8, real-time = 23,957, area% = 6.91. Likewise, the chromatogram results at T = 96 were still detected Malathion ((dimethoxyphosphinothioyl) thio) at peak 14, real-time = 19,675, area% = 2.25, and Profenofos (o- (4-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)) o – ethyl. s – propyl thiophosphate) peak = 22 real-time = 23,951, area% = 2,2. However, the observation of T = 192 hours, Malathion and Profenofos compounds were not detected. The conclusion showed that the consortium bacteria were able to completely degrade Malathion and Profenophos within 192 hours.

Enhanced biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons by implementing a novel two-step bioaugmentation strategy using indigenous bacterial consortium

In the present study, a two-step bioaugmentation strategy (TSBS) was implemented by using indigenous bacterial consortium to enhance the degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from petroleum refinery sludge (PRS). A bacterial consortium was developed using four indigenous isolated strains, Dietzia sp. IRB191, Dietzia sp. IRB192, Staphylococcus sp. BSM19 and Stenotrophomonas sp. IRB19 from PRS. The optimum conditions of pH, temperature, and sludge concentration were 7, 34 °C, and 2% (w/v), respectively, for maximum TPH degradation, obtained using one variable at a time approach. Under the optimal culture conditions, the developed consortium was inoculated twice to the culturing medium, at the beginning (0th day) and again on the 10th day for implementing a novel TSBS. The maximum TPH degradation of 91.5 ± 2.28% was found with TSBS, which was 1.18 times higher than that of SSBS (77.3 ± 2.6%) in 15 days of incubation. GC-FID study also confirmed that the TPH present in the PRS was effectively degraded by the bacterial consortium with TSBS. The TPH degradation by using TSBS proceeded according to the first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.155 d−1. Hence, biodegradation using a TSBS can be considered an effective and eco-friendly process for safe disposal of petroleum refinery sludge.

Degradation performance and microencapsulation of hydrolytic bacterial consortium formulated as bioremediation agent of liquid biomedical waste

This study aimed to develop bioremediation agent with bacterial cells as components for the treatment of biomedical wastes from two hospitals in Semarang City (Central Java), i.e. Roemani Muhammadiyah (coded R1) and Wongsonegoro (coded R2). Single isolates and consortium of indigenous hydrolytic bacteria characterized as multiple hydrolytic enzyme producers with low-to non-pathogenic properties obtained from previous study were tested for their degradation performance. The degradation performance test is necessary to formulate components of bacterial consortium as bioremediation agent. The tests were conducted on the selected bacteria as single isolate and as consortium. The six bacteria tested as single colonies and as consortium were Bacillus velezensis R1.3, B. amyloliquefaciens R1.6, B. amyloliquefaciens R1.14, B. velezensis R1.16, B. licheniformis R2.5, and B. amyloliquefaciens R2.9. Degradation performance on biomedical waste mainly containing organic matters was assessed based on water pollution parameters on 4.0-L samples. They included a control, 6 samples treated with bacteria as single colonies, a sample treated with bacteria as indigenous consortium and a sample treated with bacteria as mixed consortium. Parameters of wastewater pollution measured included COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TSS (Total Soluble Solid), NH3, and PO4. Next, encapsulation of a bacterial consortium as the best condition for degradation was also carried out using maltodextrin to allow storage and preservation of the bioremediation agent for longer period. The encapsulated product was visualized in SEM images to evaluate its quality. The results showed that a consortium comprising 4 indigenous bacterial isolates from R1 hospital could decrease BOD of biomedical wastewater by 85% and TSS by 43%. Those from R2 showed performance in reducing PO4 by 21%. This study demonstrated that compared to single isolates and mixed bacterial consortium tested, the indigenous hydrolytic bacterial consortium showed better ability in improving BOD and TSS of liquid biomedical waste of R1 hospital.

Biodecolorization of azo dye mixture (Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R and Reactive Red 120) by indigenous bacterial consortium isolated from dye contaminated soil

Biodecolorization of azo dye mixture (Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R and Reactive Red 120) by indigenous bacterial consortium isolated from dye contaminated soil

Petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil bioremediation assisted by isolated bacterial consortium and sophorolipid.

Pollution in soil by petroleum hydrocarbon has become a global environmental problem. The bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was enhanced with the combination of an isolated indigenous bacterial consortium and biosurfactant. The biodegradation efficiency of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was increased from 12.2% in the contaminated soil to 44.5% and 57.7% in isolated consortium and isolated consortium & 1.5g sophorolipid (SL)/kg dry soil, respectively. The half-life of TPH degradation process was decreased from 32.5d in the isolated consortium reactor to 20.4d in the isolated consortium & 1.5g SL/kg dry soil. The addition of biosurfactant into contaminated soils improved the TPH desorption from solid matrix to the aqueous solution and the subsequent solubilization, which ultimately improved the bioavailability of TPH in contaminated soils. Biosurfactant also served as carbon sources which contributed to the stimulation of cell growth and microbial activity and accelerated the biodegradation process via co-metabolism. The enzyme activities and quantities of functional genes were demonstrated to be incremented in SL reactors. The biosurfactant improved the TPH bioavailability, stimulated the microbial activities and participated in the co-metabolism. The combination of bioaugmentation and SL benefitted the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.