Abstract
The Indonesian Pesticide Regulations state that Malathion and Profenofos have been restricted in their use for agriculture because of is bioaccumulative in ecological systems. Cleaning technology using microorganisms is an effective solution for cleaning pesticide residues. This study aims to identify the bacteria that degrade and the degradation process of Malathion and Profenophos into non-toxic compounds. The research method was experimental, identification of bacteria by 16S-rRNA gene analysis, degradation ability by GC MS. The results of phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the tested bacteria were closely related to Oceanobacillus iheyenis (RPL1) and Exiquobacterium profundum (RPL5) with a similarity level of 87% and 99%. The two bacteria are used as a consortium of test bacteria. The results of degradation based on the observation chromatogram T = 0 showed that the Malathion compound C10H19O6PS2 or butanedioic acid [(dimethoxyphosphinothioyl) thio]) was detected at peak 4, real-time = 19,675, area% = 7.37 and Profenofos compound C11H15BrClO3PSO-(4-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)o-ethyl s-propyl thiophosphate, peak 8, real-time = 23,957, area% = 6.91. Likewise, the chromatogram results at T = 96 were still detected Malathion ((dimethoxyphosphinothioyl) thio) at peak 14, real-time = 19,675, area% = 2.25, and Profenofos (o- (4-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)) o – ethyl. s – propyl thiophosphate) peak = 22 real-time = 23,951, area% = 2,2. However, the observation of T = 192 hours, Malathion and Profenofos compounds were not detected. The conclusion showed that the consortium bacteria were able to completely degrade Malathion and Profenophos within 192 hours.
Highlights
Pesticides are widely used to increase agricultural yields, plantations, forestry production, but pesticides can have a negative impact on the non-target environment
Malathion and Profenofos are types of pesticides that are widely used by farmers around Lake Rawa Pening in Central Java, Indonesia, even though these pesticides have been banned especially for rice cultivation based on Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 39 / Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture / SR.330 / 7 / 2015 2
Molecular genetic identification of indigenous bacteria by using genomic-DNA isolation as a template, the results of genomic-DNA isolation are shown based on the DNA-bands resulting from the 16S-rRNA gene amplification electrophoresis process, shown in the following figure (Fig. 1): The species identification by polymerase chain reaction technology (PCR product) using gene-16S rDNA / 16S rRNA (PCR-amplified 16S rRNA) of bacterial species, was carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis method[23]
Summary
Pesticides are widely used to increase agricultural yields, plantations, forestry production, but pesticides can have a negative impact on the non-target environment. Malathion and Profenofos are types of pesticides that are widely used by farmers around Lake Rawa Pening in Central Java, Indonesia, even though these pesticides have been banned especially for rice cultivation based on Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 39 / Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture / SR.330 / 7 / 2015 2. It is proven that Profenofos is widely used by farmers around Rawa Pening (50%), Carbamate (16%), Deltamethrin (8%), Imidacloprid (6%), Fentoat (5%), Carbosulfan (5%), Carbofuran (5% ) and Lamda Sihalotrin (4%). It is necessary to make efforts to clean the residue of Malathion and Profenofos which have long been exposed to the environment. Indigenous bacteria are developed as biological agents in modifying toxic residues into non-toxic compounds 5
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