Indica Extract Research Articles

The influence of Azadirachta indica extract on the initial development of lettuce, cabbage and chive

The allelopathic effects can be listed based on their frequency of occurrence, and the main effect is the capacity of suppress the germination of concurrent species. The main objective of this paper was to verify the allelopathic potential of the neem leaf aqueous extract on the germination of lettuce, cabbage and chive plants. The bioassay was conducted in a lab of the Science and Technology Federal Institute of Tocantins - campus Araguatins. The green leaves of neem were grinded in a blender with distilled water and then sieved, and extract solution was stored. The statistical design was completely randomized, with 5 treatments (0, 20, 50, 75 and 100%) and 4 repetitions. The data was submitted to variance analysis and mean comparison through the Scott Knott test with a 5% level of probability, using the software R. The neem leaves aqueous extract has shown higher allelopathic potentialities, affecting the germination speed rate in all the studied species, in the concentrations of 0 and 25%. It has also affected the roots development, mainly in the lettuce and chive plants. However, regarding the fresh matter and dry matter there was not any affect on the aqueous extract

Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of Azadirachta indica and Balanites aegyptiaca seed extracts against Fusarium oxysporum isolate on tomatoes

Fusarium oxysporum is the causative agent of tomato wilt and is an important disease of tomato crops worldwide. Management through chemical fungicides causes serious environmental damage and human health. This study assesses the antifungal potential of biochemical compounds of Azadirachta indica and Balanites aegyptiaca seeds extracts identified by GC-MS analytical method against F. oxysporum. Acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of A. indica and B. aegyptiaca at 15, 30 and 60 μL/mL concentrations and synthetic fungicide (3.33 g/L) were tested in vitro in triplicate. Mycelial growth and Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50, MIC90) were evaluated 8 days after inoculation (DAI). As results, 55 and 34 phytochemical compounds were identified in seed extracts of A. indica and B. aegyptiaca respectively. Methanol extract of A. indica and B. aegyptiaca at 60 μL/mL concentration showed a total inhibition (100%) of F. oxysporum mycelial growth. Low MIC50 values were obtained with aqueous extract of A. indica (8.77 μL/mL) and methanol extract of B. aegyptiaca (17.91 μL/mL). The tentative action mode showed that the methanol extract of both plants induced wall lysis of F. oxysporum. These results suggest that A. indica and B. aegyptiaca seed extracts have potent antifungal activity and could be used as an alternative to control F. oxysporum. Keywords: Neem, desert date, bioactive compounds, mycelial growth, antifungal activity, Fusarium oxysporum

In-silico Prediction of Azadirachta indica Compounds as Potential Therapeutic Inhibitor of Lysyl Oxidase to Suppress Canine Mammary Tumor Proliferation

Canine mammary tumor (CMT) is one of the leading causes of death in female dogs, mainly due to the unavailability/expensive treatment, adverse and untargeted nature of the contemporary therapeutics. Objectives: To discover a biological mediator from the Azadirachta indica extracts by targeting Lysyl Oxidase (LOX), which is one of the enzymes responsible for accelerating the development of tumors and altering cellular microenvironment in mammals is considered to be suitable targets for anti-cancerous drugs. Methods: Current study utilized computer-aided drug designing (CADD) to investigate 33 phytocompounds derived from this plant to check their potential inhibition properties against LOX protein. The phytochemicals were docked onto the protein and the ligands with the lowest binding energies were evaluated over the several parameters using PyRx software. Molecular dynamic simulation was also performed to further investigate the stability and conformational changes of the resultant ligand-protein complex by analyzing RMSD & RMSF values, H-bond graphs and Heat maps through VMD/NAMD softwares. Results: The results revealed that Azadirachtin to be the most pertinent agent in LOX inhibition with a docking score of -12.6 kcal/mol and showed promising in-silico stability as well. Drug likeliness potential was further assessed based on Lipinski’s rule of five which reflect the safer nature of this drug agent. Conclusions: Moreover, wet-lab in-vitro experiments followed by clinical trials are still needed to attest the validity of this virtually piloted phytocompound against LOX protein for CMT cure.

Determination of Phytochemical Contents in Extracts from Different Growth Stages of Oroxylum indicum Fruits Using HPLC-DAD and QAMS Methods.

Flavones are major compounds found in several parts of Oroxylum indicum (O. indicum). The quantification of multiple components by one marker (QAMS) method and the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were developed for the quantitative analysis of extracts from the young fruits, green mature fruits, dry pod coats and seeds of O. indicum. Oroxin A, oroxin B and chrysin-7-O-glucuronide were identified in the O. indicum extracts. Oroxylin A and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were isolated and structurally identified from the pod coat and young fruit extracts, respectively. From the HPLC analysis of the seven major flavones in the extracts, baicalin was the major compound in all extracts investigated (0.4-11% w/w of the extract). All flavone contents were low in the young fruit extract (<1% w/w of the extract). The green mature fruit and dry pod coat extracts showed similar constituent compositions. They contained small amounts of baicalin and oroxylin A, which were found only in these two extracts. Oroxylin A could be used as a marker to indicate the maturity of O. indicum fruits, while 5-hydroxymethylfurfural could be used as a marker for the young fruits. Baicalin was found to be a suitable single marker to calculate the contents of all flavones in the O. indicum extracts.

Control of the Maize Pest Beetle, Anomala denuda (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Using Insecticidal Plants Ricinus communis and Azadirachta indica in a Laboratory Setting

The aim of this study was to identify a natural alternative to synthetic insecticides for controlling the Anomala denuda beetle, a destructive corn pest. The investigation took place at Félix Houphouët-Boigny University's Natural Environments and Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory at a temperature of 17°C. Aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica leaves and Ricinus communis seed capsules were tested for their effectiveness against the beetle. The reference pesticides, Cypercal 50EC and Viper 42EC, were used as positive control. The tests included three types of toxicity (inhalation, ingestion, and repulsion) with four repetitions each and a four-day exposure period. The ingestion test was the most effective. At 110 g/l, A. indica and R. communis extracts had corrected mortality rates of 87.41 ± 3.21 and 90.28 ± 1.71%, respectively. In the inhalation test, A. indica and R. communis extracts resulted in 80.92 ± 5.88% and 83.14 ± 7.57% mortality rates, respectively, at the same concentration. At the same concentration, R. communis extract repelled 60% of beetles, which was higher than A. indica's 53.3%. The insecticidal effects of the extracts were similar to those of Cypercal in all tests. These results suggest that R. communis and A. indica extracts could be used to control A. denuda pests without relying on synthetic chemical pesticides.

Antioxidant Effect of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Potentilla indica on Kidney Mitochondria of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This state may lead to an increase in oxidative stress, which contributes to the development of diabetes complications, including diabetic kidney disease. Potentilla indica is a traditional medicinal herb in Asia, employed in the treatment of several diseases, including DM. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Potentilla indica both in vitro and on kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Firstly, phytochemicals were identified via UPLC-MS/MS, and their in vitro antioxidant capabilities were evaluated. Subsequently, male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups: normoglycemic control, diabetic control, normoglycemic treated with the extract, and diabetic treated with the extract. At the end of the treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid were estimated. Furthermore, the kidneys were removed and utilized for the determination of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities, mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities. The in vitro findings showed that the major phytochemicals present in the extract were phenolic compounds, which exhibited a potent antioxidant activity. Moreover, the administration of the P. indica extract reduced creatinine and BUN levels, ROS production, and lipid peroxidation and improved mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity and GSH-Px, SODk, and CAT activities when compared to the diabetic control group. In conclusion, our data suggest that the ethyl acetate extract of Potentilla indica possesses renoprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress on the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats.

Efficacy of Azadirachta indica and Datura stramonium Extract with Ethanol against Different Life Stages of Tribolium castinium

Tribolium castinium is a devastating stored grain pests of many cereals. Both the larval and adult stages of insect are considered as voracious feeder of cereals. The adult of T. castinium secrete certain type of excretion that give foul smell from grains and make it unfit for consumption. The recent study was conducted in Department of Entomology College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur sub campus Layyah. Neem (Azadirachta indica)L. and Datura (Datura stramonium)L. ethanol extracts were tested for their repellant and toxicological effects against the larval and adult stages of T. castinium at varying concentrations of 10, 15, and 30ml. The results showed that D. stramonium plant extract recorded highest repellency (86.66%) and the lowest repellency (4.50%) against T. castinium. Minimum mortality was reported at 65% in plant extract of A. indica after an interval of 24 hours at 10ml concentration, and maximum mortality was recorded (90.69%) in plant extract of D. stramonium at 30ml concentration after an interval of 72 hours. The results showed that neem and Datura plant extracts were more effective at repelling and toxicologically acting against T. castinium. The larval stage of T. castinium was also particularly vulnerable to D. stramonium and A. indica ethanol extract.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Gel using Aloe Vera, Azadirachita Indica and Tagetes Extract

Cosmetic play a vital role for everyone to have a joyful and sanguine life. In present scenario herbal cosmeceuticals have more demand they have no side effects. People having skin from acne, smooth and moisturizer more essential. In our present study we formulated 4 different formulation F1, F2, F3, F4 in gel form by using aloe vera, marigold, azadirachta indica, gelatine, glycerine, sodium benzoate, tartaric acid, acacia, HPMC and evaluated by using variouse parameters such as physical appearance, viscosity, pH, Spreadability , washability, stability studies and got result with all tests. The gel F1 was found to show excellent effects on controlling dryness and pimple. The herbal formulation F1 was having characteristic odour, reddish brown in colour. The smooth to touch and in gel form it spreads. Thus, the formulated gel F1 can be without a side effect which makes glowing skin.

Comparative Studies on the Anti‐Corrosive Action of Waterproofing Agent and Plant Extract to Steel Rebar

AbstractReinforcement of steel rebar in concrete infrastructure practices for a long time, mostly to improve tensile strength as well their service time. However, shortcomings related to damage of reinforced concrete (RfC) infrastructures becomes the business of corrosion researchers over the past few years, primarily from a safety and economic perspective. In general, the steel‐reinforced concrete (SRC) infrastructures are porous, and thence water as well different atmospheric pollutant gases penetrate it, causing the corrosion damages of the rebar, which shorten the prolonged existence of the RfC structures. The research aims to differentiate the efficacy and prosperity of waterproofing chemicals and methanol extract of Mangifera indica plant leaves for controlling the RfC susceptibility using a half‐cell corrosion potential measurement method following ASTM standard. The methanolic extract of M. indica leaves and waterproofing agents show high anti‐corrosion characteristics and can prescribe for the protection of the RfC infrastructures. The corrosion controlling performance level of 1000 and 2000 ppm M. indica extracts on the steel rebars in concrete has higher than the additions of alike concentration of both the water‐repellents depend on open‐circuit corrosion potential (CoP) shifting values to a noble direction.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of New Polyherbal Gel Formulations for Their Wound Healing Activity in Rat

Synoptic studies on natural products have been conducted as a result of the lack of a potential remedy and associated flaw in allopathic medicines, as these items have been found to be less harmful and more affordable. The identification and assessment of therapeutic potential in pharmaceuticals led to the development of novel, affordable medications for the treatment of a variety of ailments, including chronic wounds. To determine if plant extracts can effectively cure wounds, in-vitro cell scratch testing is a practical and affordable method. Traditional herbal remedies for treating wounds include Azadirachta indica (A. indica) and Aloe barbadensis miller (Aloe vera, A. vera). The goal of the current study was to assess the ability of a polyherbal formulation (A. vera and A. indica) to promote wound healing in Wistar albino rats utilising excision, incision, and dead space wound models. A. vera and A. indica extracts were used in varied concentrations to create formulations PHF1 through PHF5. Utilising criteria like physical appearance, pH, extrudability, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, grittiness, and stability study, the generated polyherbal gel formulation was assessed. On days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 21, as well as day 24, wound healing was observed along with the percentage of wound contraction, epithelialization period, hydroxyproline content, tensile strength, granuloma weight, and protein content (dead space wound models). In an excision wound model, polyherbal gel PHF4 demonstrated percent wound contraction in 12 days, and Groups II and IV saw considerably (P 0.01) shorter epithelialization times. In incision wound models, the animal group treated with polyherbal gel PHF4 demonstrated significantly higher levels of hydroxyproline than all other formulations as well as significantly higher tensile strength. PHF4 demonstrated the best efficacy in dead space wound models compared to other extracts and was significantly different from the treatment group in terms of granuloma weight and protein content. It can be said that poly herbal formulations have wound healing properties, possibly as a result of their epithelization, supporting the traditional assertion that they can be used to treat many human wound types.

Comparative Study to Determine Antimicrobial Property of Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica) Extracts Using Various Solvents Obtained from Two Geographical Area

Comparative Study to Determine Antimicrobial Property of Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica) Extracts Using Various Solvents Obtained from Two Geographical Area

Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant potential of Anisomeles indica Kuntze and exploration of its bioactive phytoconstituents

Introduction and Aim: Anisomeles indica Kuntze (A. indica) is employed to treat a wide range of illnesses. The Present study was aimed at establishing preliminary phytochemical screening, UV-Visible spectrophotometric, FT-IR analysis, and evaluation of biological activities of A. indica extracts.&#x0D; &#x0D; Materials and Methods: A. indica leaves were employed for the Soxhlet extraction. Furthermore, the crude extracts were utilized for phytochemical analysis and quantitative estimations of phenolics and flavonoids. UV-Vis spectrophotometric, and FT-IR analysis provided further evidence for the existence of bioactive constituents in A. indica extracts. The A. indica extracts were assessed for antioxidant potential by DPPH and metal chelation activity.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: The findings illustrated that A. indica methanol extract was found to possess the highest yield. The preliminary phytochemical screening, UV-Vis spectrophotometric, and FT-IR fingerprint analysis provided evidence for the existence of significant bioactive constituents. A.indica methanol extract has significant total phenol, flavonoid content, and TAC (total antioxidant capacity) among all extracts. These characteristics are attributed to substantial antioxidant activity and metal-chelating activity.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: The findings of this study imply that A. indica extract possess antioxidant activity as evaluated by the potential DPPH radical scavenging and chelate metal ions. These characteristics are interconnected to the high flavonoid and phenol content, and distinctive secondary metabolites. The finding indicates that A.indica is abundant in active phytoconstituents, which also offer a vital source for effective therapeutic management.

Superparamagnetic and antimicrobial biosynthesis of Ce/NiO nanomaterials for biomedical applications

Nanomaterials have been used in advanced biomedical applications due to their superparamagnetic and antimicrobial properties. The adequate superparamagnetic and antimicrobial capacity has improved the nanomaterials applicability in biomedical applications. Herein, superparamagnetic and antibacterial Ce doped NiO nanomaterials were developed by dissolving cerium(III) nitrate and nickel(II) nitrate at different concentrations (1-X, X = 0.001, 0.002 and 0.003, and 0.099, 0.098 and 0.097 M, respectively) using Azadirachta Indica extract as a nucleation agent. The oxidation states Ni(2p), Ce(3d) and O(1s) of the nanomaterials were investigated by XPS spectra. The XRD patterns determined that the Ce doped NiO nanomaterials exhibit face-centred​ cubic structures. FE-SEM illustrates the surface structure of the nanomaterials, which have non-uniform spherical particles. Photoluminescence spectra reveal multi-emission centres​ created in the nanostructure. In addition, the electrical and magnetic behaviours of the Ce-doped NiO nanomaterials were investigated to determine the dielectric polarization and magnetic properties. The nanomaterials’ superparamagnetic behaviour was studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer at ambient temperature. Additionally, nanostructures’ bacterial activity significantly inhibited Staphylococcus Aureus and Klebsiella Pneumoniae. This investigation indicates that forming a nanostructure has significant advantages in biomedical applications.

Revolutionizing the effect of Azadirachta indica extracts on edema induced changes in C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in albino rats: in silico and in vivo approach.

The aim of the present study is to determine the in vivo and in silico anti-inflammatory effect of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) in carrageenan-induced rats and its blood biomarkers. A. indica (Neem) is a widely used medicinal plant across the world, especially in Pakistan. Neem leaves have been traditionally used for the synthesis of drugs and treatment of a wide variety of diseases. In this study, sixty albino rats (160-200 g) were divided into 4 groups: control (group I), standard (group II), ethanolic and aqueous (group III and IV) at doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed maximum inhibition in paw size at the 5th hour (400 mg/kg). Similarly, biomarkers measured, including Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein, exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity at the highest dose of 400 mg/kg in both experimental groups but were more distinct in the group treated with ethanolic extracts. Correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) and inter-leukin-6 (IL-6) showed positive correlation in group III, while negative in group IV. Similarly, positive and negative correlations were observed between CRP biomarkers and paw size in group III and IV, and the same results were also shown in the case of IL-6 and paw size. In molecular docking, the binding energy value of protein CRP and IL-1β with the identified ligands quercetin and nimbosterol showed (-8.2 kcal/mol and -7.7 kcal/mol) the best binding affinity as compared to standard drug diclofenac with -7.0 kcal/mol binding energy respectively. In conclusion, in silico and in vivo analysis revealed that the extracts of A. indica leaves can be used as an effective drug to manage inflammation.

Antimicrobial properties of green synthesized silver and chitosan nanocomposites.

An eco-friendly and simple approach was carried out for the synthesis of silver-chitosan nanocomposites using Azadirachta indica and fluconazole-mediated aqueous extract. This extract acted as a reducing agent as well as a capping agent for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Chitosan nanoparticles on the other hand were synthesized from the deacetylation of the chitin matrix. To confirm the nanoparticle synthesis, a UV- A visible spectrophotometer was used and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups in the prepared extract. The morphological characteristics of silver and chitosan nanoparticles and as nano-composites were studied and confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The synthesized silver-chitosan nanocomposites were subjected to well-loaded agar plates for the evaluation of antibacterial properties against the Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans for their antifungal properties. The synthesized silver and chitosan nanoparticles showed antibacterial and antifungal activities against common oral micro flora such as Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans which were measured using the zone of inhibition method. This approach is a one-step, economical and eco-friendly, biocompatible, and effective alternative for nanoparticle synthesis for various prosthetic applications.

Physical Characterization of Plant-Mediated AgNPs-Ei Synthesized using Eleusine indica Extract and their Antibacterial Properties

Physical Characterization of Plant-Mediated AgNPs-Ei Synthesized using Eleusine indica Extract and their Antibacterial Properties

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Duchesnea indica Extracts Using Different Solvents and Their Antibacterial Activity.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the whole plant of Duchesnea indica (DI) which was extracted in different solvents; the antimicrobial effects of the extract were investigated in this study. The extraction of DI was performed using three different solvents: water, pure ethanol (EtOH), and pure dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). AgNP formation was monitored by measuring the UV-Vis spectrum of each reaction solution. After synthesis for 48 h, the AgNPs were collected and the negative surface charge and size distribution of the synthesized AgNPs were measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The AgNP structure was determined by high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the AgNP morphology was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AgNP antibacterial activities were evaluated against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the disc diffusion method. Additionally, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were also determined. Biosynthesized AgNPs showed enhanced antibacterial activity against B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, and P. aeruginosa compared with that of pristine solvent extract. These results suggest that AgNPs synthesized from extracts of DI are promising antibacterial agents against pathogenic bacteria and can be further applied in the food industry.

Ecofriendly fabrication of cobalt nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (neem) for effective inhibition of Candida-like fungal infection in medicated nano-coated textile.

This study involves the formulation of cobalt nanoparticles by means of ethanolic Azadirachta indica (neem) extract (CoNP@N). Later, the formulated buildup was incorporated into cotton fabric in order to mitigate antifungal infection. Optimization of the formulation was carried out by considering the effect of plant concentration, temperature, and revolutions per minute (rpm) used, through design of the experiment (DOE), response surface methodology (RSM), and ANOVA of the synthetic procedure. Hence, graph was potted with the aid of effecting parameters and the related factors (size of particle and zeta potential). Further characterization of nanoparticles was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) was considered for the detection of functional groups. The structural property of CoNP@N was calculated with the aid of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The surface property was measured with the use of a surface area analyzer (SAA). The values of Inhibition concentration (IC50) and zone of inhibition (ZOI), were calculated, so as to determine the antifungal property against both the strains (Candida albicans, MTCC 227and Aspergillus niger, MTCC 8652). The further nano-coated cloth was subjected to a durability test, and hence the cloth was washed (through the purpose of time 0; 10; 25; and 50 washing cycles), and then its anti-fungal operation to a couple of strains was retained. Primarily, 51 μg/ml of cobalt nanoparticles incorporated on the cloth was retained but after 50 washing cycles in 500 ml of purified water, the cloth showed more efficiency contrary to C. albicans than towards A. niger.

Application of Acid Protease for Eco-friendly Pre-treatment of Goat Skin to Improve Antimicrobial Finish Using Herbal Natural Extracts

Due to its moisture retention capacity and huge surface area, leather is highly prone to microbial proliferation and biodeterioration; hence, leather products desired have an antimicrobial finish. In this study, acid protease enzyme pre-treatment of goat skin was utilized as an eco-friendly substitute for conventional wet-chemical processing. The treatment can impart the desired surface properties to improve the antimicrobial finish with natural extracts obtained from leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem Tree), Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil, Tulsi), and Camellia sinensis (Green Tea). The procedure was optimized for different process parameters, including enzyme concentration, pH, material to liquor ratio (MLR), treatment time, and temperature. The effect of the treatment on bulk and surface properties of the skin was characterized by weight loss analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Water contact angle measurement, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. The effect of the enzymatic treatment on organoleptic properties and the mechanical strength of the skin was also studied. The enzymatic treatment resulted in weight loss, and removal of non-collagen components, thus opening the fibrous collagen matrix of the skin. Hence, the skin treated with acid protease enzyme provides better affinity and accessibility for phytoactive compounds from the natural extracts and better attachment by electrostatic attachment due to an increase in surface functional groups after the enzymatic treatment compared to untreated skin. The effectiveness of the antimicrobial finish was measured as a zone of inhibition and with a modified Hohenstein test against test microorganisms E. coli and S. aureus.Azadirachta indica (Neem Tree) extract showed the highest inhibitory activity (97%) against E. coli, while the Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil, Tulsi) extract exhibited the highest inhibitory activity (95%) against S. aureus.

Comprehensive metabolomic analysis of Mangifera indica leaves using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE for cell differentiation: An in vitro and in vivo study

The comprehensive metabolic profiling was performed in the leaf extracts of Mangifera indica and assessed for their significant therapeutic application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in both in vitro and in vivo studies. About 147 compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of M. indica using MS/MS fragmentation analysis and the selected compounds were quantified using LC-QqQ-MS analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic activity showed that the M. indica extracts enhance the proliferation of mouse myoblast cells in concentration-dependent manner. As well, the extracts of M. indica induce the myotube formation by generating oxidative stress in the C2C12 cells was confirmed. The western blot analysis clearly showed that the M. indica induce myogenic differentiation by upregulating the myogenic marker proteins such as PI3K, Akt, mTOR, MyoG, and MyoD. The in vivo studies showed that the extracts expedites the acute wound repair by formation of crust, wound closure and improves the blood perfusion towards the wound area. Together, the leaves of M. indica can be used as excellent therapeutic agent for tissue repair and wound healing applications.