Social Deprivation Index Research Articles

Abstract 13006: Telemedicine Disparities in Ambulatory Cardiology Patients in a Large Academic Health System

Introduction: Although the COVID-19 pandemic prompted rapid expansion of telemedicine, the effect of system-wide digital health strategies on vulnerable populations remains to be understood. Given video visits offer several advantages over audio-only visits, telemedicine encounters are typically preferentially scheduled as video visits; however, access complexities may lead to audio-only encounters and exacerbate the digital divide. Aim: We aimed to identify sociodemographic characteristics associated with telemedicine visit modality in the outpatient cardiology population in a large academic health center. Methods: We assessed all outpatient cardiology telemedicine visits from 1/1/2020-12/31/2021 via the Johns Hopkins Telemedicine Equity Dashboard, which sources its data from the electronic medical record. Our primary outcome was visit modality, with an adverse outcome defined as video-to-audio visit conversion. The first telemedicine encounter for each unique patient was included (accounting for 85% of all telemedicine encounters during study period). We assessed predictors of video-to-audio visit conversion using simple and multivariate logistic regression with relevant pre-determined sociodemographic variables (see Figure ). Results: There were 47,961 total telemedicine encounters, spread between 39,381 unique patients. Odds of conversion from video to audio-only visit increased with age, with the highest odds of conversion to audio-only visit in patients age 75+. Non-White race, Medicaid, Medicare and self-pay insurance status, and higher social deprivation index (SDI) quintile were also associated with increased odds of audio-only modality. Conclusion: Current telemedicine strategies would benefit from further analysis and targeted intervention to develop a more equitable digital care delivery system, particularly for patients that are older, non-White, do not have private insurance, and live in areas with higher SDI.

Abstract 13086: National Trends in Timely Ambulatory Follow-Up After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Congestive Heart Failure Cospitalizations Among Medicare Beneficiaries

Introduction: Following hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or congestive heart failure (CHF), close outpatient follow-up is warranted for symptom monitoring and initiation or titration of evidence-based therapies. Objective: To describe temporal trends in ambulatory care following CHF and AMI hospitalizations, between 2010 and 2019. Methods: We examined a 100% sample of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries discharged to the community after an AMI or CHF hospitalization. We assessed quarterly rates of timely post-discharge cardiology and primary care follow-up, defined as receipt of an ambulatory visit within 14 days of discharge. We assessed trends for five subgroups based upon known disparities in cardiovascular outcomes: sex, race/ethnicity, Medicaid dual-eligibility, county-level social deprivation index, and rurality. Results: The AMI cohort included 1,680,916 hospitalizations (54.9% male, 9.4% Black, 81.7% White) and the CHF cohort included 4,256,405 hospitalizations (47.7% male, 16.2% Black, 75.0% White). Timely cardiology follow-up after AMI increased from 26.8% in 2010 to 39.4% in 2019 (absolute change 12.6%) while follow-up after CHF increased from 22.0% to 33.4% (absolute change 11.5%). The proportion of patients without cardiology or primary care follow-up after AMI decreased to 36.1% in 2019 and to 41.6% for CHF. Though rates of timely follow-up increased for all demographic groups, female, Black, Hispanic, Medicaid dual-eligible patients, patients residing in rural areas, and patients residing in counties with high social deprivation were less likely to receive follow-up throughout the study. Conclusions: Rates of timely ambulatory care after AMI and CHF hospitalization have improved, but the majority of patients do not receive follow-up within 14 days of discharge. Efforts to improve post-hospital cardiology and primary care follow-up have the potential to improve clinical outcomes and reduce disparities.

Abstract 16216: Sociodemographic Disparities in Severity of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: The National MUSIC Study

Introduction: The long-term outcomes after the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MUSIC) study investigates sequelae in multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) post-COVID across 33 US and Canadian sites. Among children with COVID-19, the adjusted MIS-C incidence rate ratios are higher in children who are Hispanic or Black. Our objective was to assess sociodemographic disparities associated with MIS-C severity and adverse outcomes. Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study included US persons <21 years-old with MIS-C from 6/2020-1/2022. The primary composite outcome of greater illness severity included > 1 findings: vasoactive medications, cardiac dysfunction or elevated troponin, intubation, or mechanical support. Secondary outcomes were days from symptom onset to hospital admission and hospital length of stay (LOS). Predictor variables were patient distance to the hospital, neighborhood social deprivation index (SDI-higher score is worse), race/ethnicity, and non-primary English language. Covariates were age, insurance, asthma, and obesity. Multivariable models used backwards selection at significance p<0.05. Results: There were 1115 MIS-C patients, with a median age of 9 years old (IQR 5.6, 12.7), 39.2% female, 28.1% non-Hispanic Black, 27.8% Hispanic, 47.3% with public insurance, and a median SDI of 54 (IQR 25.0, 82.5). On multivariable analysis, increased odds of more severe illness included Hispanic ethnicity, odds ratio (OR) 1.5 (95% CI 1.1, 2.2); non-Hispanic Black race, OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1, 2.4) compared to non-Hispanic whites; and ages 13-17 years, OR 3.7 (95% CI 2.4, 5.6) compared to those ages 0-5 years. Longer time to hospital admission was associated with lower SDI (i.e., less deprivation; p=0.009) and further distance from hospital (p=0.006). Risk factors for longer LOS were adolescent age (p=0.002) and non-Hispanic Black race (p=0.018). Asthma and obesity had no association with MIS-C severity. Conclusion: MIS-C severity and adverse outcomes are associated with sociodemographic factors, including being Black and/or Hispanic. Future studies should explore risk mechanisms , including systemic racism, environmental and genetic causes, quality of medical care, or multifactorial interactions.

Neighbourhood deprivation, distance to nearest comprehensive stroke centre and access to endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke: a population-based study.

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has revolutionized ischemic stroke care. We aimed to assess whether neighbourhood socioeconomic status is predictive of access to EVT after receipt of alteplase for ischemic stroke among patients living in Alberta, Canada, and whether this relation is mediated by the distance a person lives to the nearest comprehensive stroke centre (CSC). We performed a retrospective study including all people older than 18 years living in Alberta who were admitted to hospital with an ischemic stroke and who received intravenous alteplase treatment between Jan. 1, 2017, and Dec. 31, 2019. Data were obtained through administrative data sets. The primary outcome was treatment with EVT. We assigned neighbourhood deprivation quintile based on the Material and Social Deprivation Index. We used logistic regression modelling to assess for a relation between deprivation and treatment with EVT. We adjusted for age, sex, stroke severity and distance to the nearest CSC. We calculated the average causal mediation effect of distance to the nearest CSC on the relation between neighbourhood deprivation level and treatment with EVT. The study cohort consisted of 1335 patients, of whom 181 (13.6%) had missing data and were excluded from the main regression analysis. Endovascular thrombectomy was performed or attempted in 314 patients (23.5%). In the primary model, patients from the most deprived neighbourhoods were less likely than those from less deprived neighbourhoods to have received EVT (adjusted odds ratio 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.24 to 0.77). Neighbourhood deprivation level was not significantly associated with EVT when distance to the nearest CSC was included as a covariate. Mediation analysis suggested that 48% of the total effect that neighbourhood deprivation level had on the odds of receiving EVT was attributable to the distance a person lived from the nearest CSC. The results suggest that people from more deprived neighbourhoods in Alberta were less likely to be treated with EVT than those from less deprived neighbourhoods. Improving access to EVT for people living in remote locations may improve the equitable distribution of this treatment.

Social Deprivation Index and Kidney Failure Replacement Therapy (KFRT) Risk Among 2.5 Million Patients

Social Deprivation Index and Kidney Failure Replacement Therapy (KFRT) Risk Among 2.5 Million Patients

Sociodemographic versus clinical factors associated with incomplete and prolonged courses of radiotherapy.

139 Background: Radiotherapy is an important component of therapy for many patients with cancer. However, some patients have difficulty completing recommended courses of radiotherapy in a timely manner. Unfortunately, prolonged or incomplete courses of therapy are associated with higher rates of relapse and lower survival rates, particularly for head and neck and cervical cancers. However, the most important drivers of incomplete or prolonged treatment courses are unclear. Our objective was to quantify associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors and incomplete and prolonged treatment courses. Methods: We extracted data for all patients treated with radiotherapy at a large metropolitan academic institution from 2018 – 2022 from the radiotherapy treatment planning software and from the medical record. Incomplete radiotherapy courses were defined as lack of completion of all planned radiotherapy fractions based on the treating physician’s prescription. Prolonged radiotherapy courses were defined as prolonging treatment by more than 5 days and missing 5 or more fractions, a clinically meaningful delay that can impact cancer outcomes. The primary endpoint was a composite endpoint consisting of incomplete and prolonged radiotherapy courses. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to quantify associations between incomplete and prolonged treatment courses with age, sex, distance to facility, ZIP code social deprivation index (SDI), insurance status, radiotherapy modality, number of radiotherapy fractions, and treatment site. Models were also adjusted for year-quarter. Results: A total of 9950 cases were included, including 352 (6.5%) and 642 (3.5%) incomplete and incomplete/prolonged radiotherapy courses, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, factors associated with increased risk of incomplete or prolonged radiotherapy courses included ZIP code SDI > 80 (8.8%, OR 1.43, 95% CI = 1.13-1.80, P=.003), Medicaid insurance (12%, OR 1.92, 1.47-2.50, P<.001), more than 5 fractions of radiotherapy (12.8%, 9.7%, 14.6%, and 13.1%, for 6-10, 11-20, 21-29, 30+ fractions, respectively; P<.001), and treatment site of female pelvis (23.9%, OR 3.27, 2.26-4.78, P<.001). Conclusions: Prolonged or incomplete radiotherapy courses were associated with disadvantaged neighborhoods, Medicaid insurance, higher number of radiotherapy fractions, and female pelvic cancers. Each of these factors is related to social determinants of health and time/financial burden of treatment, including female pelvic cancers (predominantly locally advanced cervical cancer, associated with lower socioeconomic status), underscoring the impact of social determinants of health on patient’s ability to undergo radiotherapy.

Emergency Free School Meal Distribution During the COVID-19 Pandemic in High-Poverty Urban Settings

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic triggered nationwide school closures in March 2020, putting millions of children in the United States who were reliant on subsidized school meals at risk of experiencing hunger. In response, the US Department of Agriculture mobilized the Summer Food Service Program and Seamless Summer Option program to provide emergency free school meals. There is a need to investigate the effectiveness of these programs in covering underresourced communities during the pandemic. ObjectiveThis study assessed associations between meal distribution and census tract demographics (ie, poverty level, race/ethnicity, and deprivation level based on social deprivation index score). DesignAn observational study using longitudinal meal distribution data collected over an 18-month period following school closures (March 2020 to August 2021). Participants and settingMonthly meal distribution data were collected for community sites serving 142 census tracts within 4 urban New Jersey cities predominantly populated by people with low incomes and from racial and ethnic minority groups. Main outcome measuresMain outcome measures were the number of meals served monthly by Summer Food Service Program and Seamless Summer Option meal sites. Statistical analyses performedA 2-part multivariable regression approach was used to analyze the data. ResultsIn the first step, logistic regression models showed that high-deprivation tracts were more likely to serve meals during the observed period (odds ratio 3.43, 95% CI 1.001 to 11.77; P = 0.0499). In the second step, among tracts that served any meals during the observed period, mixed effects negative binomial regression models showed that high-poverty and high-deprivation tracts served comparatively more meals (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.83, 95% CI 2.29 to 3.51; P < 0.001 and IRR 1.94, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.28; P < 0.001, respectively). ConclusionsFindings show that meal distribution during the pandemic was higher within census tracts with higher poverty and deprivation levels, indicating that underresourced communities with higher need had more free meals available during this unprecedented public health emergency.

Impact of Social Disparities on 5-Year Survival Rates in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancies.

Socioeconomic disparities exist in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies, leading to suboptimal survival rates. Social determinants of health impact health outcomes, and in children, they may not only lead to worse survival outcomes but carry over into late effects in adult life. The social deprivation index (SDI) is a composite score using geographic county data to measure social determinants of health. Using the SDI, the purpose of the present study is to stratify survival outcomes in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies based on area deprivation. A retrospective cohort study was performed using the national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results oncology registry in the USA from 1975 to 2016 based on county-level data. Pediatric patients (≤18y old) with a diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma based on the International Classification for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) were used for inclusion criteria. Patients were grouped by cancer subtype for leukemia into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia while for lymphoma into non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. SDI scores were calculated for each patient and divided into quartiles, with Q1 being the lowest area of deprivation and Q4 being the highest, respectively. A total of 38,318 leukemia and lymphoma patients were included. Quartile data demonstrated stratification in survival based on area deprivation for ALL, with no survival differences in the other cancer subtypes. Patients with ALL from the most deprived area had a roughly 3% difference in both overall and cancer-specific morality at 5 years compared with the least deprived area. Disparities in pediatric patients with ALL represent a significant area for quality improvement. Social programs may have value in improving survival outcomes and could rely on metrics such as SDI.

Correlations Between Relative Prevalence of Celiac Disease and Sociodemographic Variables in the United States.

We evaluated the associations between celiac disease (CD) prevalence and regional sociodemographic variables in the United States. The outcome was CD relative prevalence, defined as number of patients with CD among those in a Medicare registry per 3-digit ZIP code. Linear regression models assessed associations between relative prevalence of CD and sociodemographic variables. CD relative prevalence was positively correlated with median income, urban area, and proximity to a CD specialty center and negatively correlated with Black race, Latino/Hispanic ethnicity, and median social deprivation index score ( P < 0.01, all). CD relative prevalence is associated with indicators of economic advantage.

Development and validation of a community-level social determinants of health index for drug overdose deaths in the HEALing Communities Study

IntroductionSocial determinants of health (SDoH), such as socioeconomic status, education level, and food insecurity, are believed to influence the opioid crisis. While global SDoH indices such as the CDC's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and Area Deprivation Index (ADI) combine the explanatory power of multiple social factors for understanding health outcomes, they may be less applicable to the specific challenges of opioid misuse and associated outcomes. This study develops a novel index tailored to opioid misuse outcomes, tests the efficacy of this index in predicting drug overdose deaths across contexts, and compares the explanatory power of this index to other SDoH indices. MethodsFocusing on four HEALing Communities Study (HCS) states (Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York and Ohio; encompassing 4269 ZIP codes), we identified multilevel SDoH potentially associated with opioid misuse and aggregated publicly available data for each measure. We then leveraged a random forest model to develop a composite measure that predicts age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rates based on SDoH. We used this composite measure to understand HCS and non-HCS communities in terms of overdose risk across areas of varying racial composition. Finally, we compared variance in drug overdose deaths explained by this index to variance explained by the SVI and ADI. ResultsOur composite measure included 28 SDoH measures and explained approximately 89 % percent of variance in age-adjusted drug overdose mortality across HCS states. Health care measures, including emergency department visits and primary care provider availability, were top predictors within the index. Index accuracy was robust within and outside of HCS communities and states. This measure identified high levels of overdose mortality risk in segregated communities. ConclusionsExisting SDoH indices fail to explain much variation in area-level overdose mortality rates. Having tailored composite indices can help us to identify places in which residents are at highest risk based on their composite contexts. A comprehensive index can also help to develop effective community interventions for programs such as HCS by considering the context in which people live.

Practice-Level Documentation of Alcohol-Related Problems in Primary Care

Rates of alcohol-associated deaths increased over the past 20 years, markedly between 2019 and 2020. The highest rates are among individuals aged 55 to 64 years, primarily attributable to alcoholic liver disease and psychiatric disorders due to use of alcohol. This study investigates potential geographic disparities in documentation of alcohol-related problems in primary care electronic health records, which could lead to undertreatment of alcohol use disorder. To identify disparities in documentation of alcohol-related problems by practice-level social deprivation. A cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Integrating Behavioral Health and Primary Care clinical trial (September 21, 2017, to January 8, 2021) was performed. A national sample of 44 primary care practices with co-located behavioral health services was included in the analysis. Patients with 2 primary care visits within 2 years and at least 1 chronic medical condition and 1 behavioral health condition or at least 3 chronic medical conditions were included. The primary exposure was practice-level Social Deprivation Index (SDI), a composite measure based on county income, educational level, employment, housing, single-parent households, and access to transportation (scores range from 0 to 100; 0 indicates affluent counties and 100 indicates disadvantaged counties). Documentation of an alcohol-related problem in the electronic health record was determined by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes or use of medications for alcohol use disorder in past 2 years. Multivariable models adjusted for alcohol consumption, screening for a substance use disorder, urban residence, age, sex, race and ethnicity, income, educational level, and number of chronic health conditions. A total of 3105 participants (mean [SD] age, 63.7 [13.0] years; 64.1% female; 11.5% Black, 7.0% Hispanic, 76.7% White, and 11.9% other race or chose not to disclose; 47.8% household income <$30 000; and 80.7% urban residence). Participants had a mean (SD) of 4.0 (1.7) chronic conditions, 9.1% reported higher-risk alcohol consumption, 4% screened positive for substance use disorder, and 6% had a documented alcohol-related problem in the electronic health record. Mean (SD) practice-level SDI score was 45.1 (20.9). In analyses adjusted for individual-level alcohol use, demographic characteristics, and health status, practice-level SDI was inversely associated with the odds of documentation (odds ratio for each 10-unit increase in SDI, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.99; P = .03). In this study, higher practice-level SDI was associated with lower odds of documentation of alcohol-related problems, after adjusting for individual-level covariates. These findings reinforce the need to address primary care practice-level barriers to diagnosis and documentation of alcohol-related problems. Practices located in high need areas may require more specialized training, resources, and practical evidence-based tools that are useful in settings where time is especially limited and patients are complex.

The potential of a multimodal digital care program in addressing healthcare inequities in musculoskeletal pain management

Digital interventions have emerged as a solution for time and geographical barriers, however, their potential to target other social determinants of health is largely unexplored. In this post-hoc analysis, we report the impact of social deprivation on engagement and clinical outcomes after a completely remote multimodal musculoskeletal (MSK) digital care program managed by a culturally-sensitive clinical team. Patients were stratified in five categories according to their social deprivation index, and cross-referenced with their race/ethnicity, rurality and distance to healthcare facilities. From a total of 12,062 patients from all U.S. states, 8569 completed the program. Higher social deprivation was associated with greater baseline disease burden. We observed that all categories reported pain improvements (ranging from −2.0 95%CI −2.1, −1.9 to −2.1 95%CI −2.3, −1.9, p < 0.001) without intergroup differences in mean changes or responder rates (from 59.9% (420/701) to 66.6% (780/1172), p = 0.067), alongside reduction in analgesic consumption. We observed significant improvements in mental health and productivity across all categories, with productivity and non-work-related functional recovery being greater within the most deprived group. Engagement was high but varied slightly across categories. Together these findings highlight the importance of a patient-centered digital care program as a tool to address health inequities in musculoskeletal pain management. The idea of investigating social deprivation within a digital program provides a foundation for future work in this field to identify areas of improvement.

THU329 Healthcare Disparities In Diabetes Management During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Disclosure: E.D. Frontera: None. M.K. Cavaghan: None. Z.I. Saeed: None. Aim: Healthcare disparities in diabetes and COVID-19 have been described, but the impact of COVID-19 on diabetes management based on sex, age, race and socioeconomic status is less known. This study examines impact on diabetes care during the two years of the pandemic in an academic endocrinology practice while assessing for disparities. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in adult patients with diabetes being managed during the pandemic by our endocrinology group. Gender, age, race, and social deprivation index (SDI) were compared between three time periods ( T1= March 2019- Feb 2020; T2= March 2020 to Feb 2021; T3= March 2021 to Feb 2022) to test for differences in clinical outcomes and frequency of care checks using chi-square test and generalized linear mixed models. Results: Our cohort included of 4909 patients, 46.2% were females, 73.2% were white, and 32% were older than 65 years. The median (IQR) SDI was 45 (17-79), and nearly half (48.1%) of the patients were on Medicare or Medicaid. Our results showed that during the first year of pandemic (T2), the frequencies of Hemoglobin A1c (A1c) checks and BMI measurements fell by 36% and 47%, respectively (p &amp;lt;0.001). These rates recovered mostly in T3; A1c checks remained 8% lower (p&amp;lt;0.001), and BMI 13% lower (p = 0.01) than pre-pandemic levels. Similarly, there was a 14.3% reduction in LDL checks during T2 which did recover in our study period (p = 0.001). Urine microalbumin (ACR) rates did not drop during the study period. Other than the frequency of BMI checks, there was no difference in the frequency of care checks between different sex, race, age, or SDI groups. Women had less BMI checks and in person visits in T2 . The overall cohort averages through the pandemic of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) , ACR and BMI remained stable while A1C and LDL decreased during the study period. Blacks had persistently higher average A1C, SBP, BMI, and LDL values through all three study times. While these disparities persisted throughout the pandemic, they did not worsen. The average number of clinic visits per person during the study period did not drop during T2 and increased by 7.6% in T3 compared to T1 which was driven by a dramatic increase in virtual appointment (from none to 1.71 per person in T2) (p&amp;lt;0.001). There was no subgroup variation in clinic visits and types. Conclusion: Our study examined the impact of COVID-19 on ambulatory visits, and health maintenance in patients with diabetes seen at a large endocrinology practice. Compared to pre-pandemic, we showed that overall, the frequency of most diabetes-related healthcare checks decreased and continued to be lower than expected two years into the pandemic. However, these changes did not translate into worse diabetes control and management in our cohort. Moreover, our data highlighted important disparities in health outcomes already present in our patient population prior to the pandemic. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

THU132 Pediatric Diabetes Virtual Visit Quality And Outcome Not Associated With Social Determinants Of Health

Abstract Disclosure: L. Bastien: None. C. Zuijdwijk: None. E. Goldbloom: None. R. Webster: None. E. Sucha: None. Word count: 350 Title: Pediatric diabetes virtual visit quality and outcome not associated with social determinants of health Authors: Laurence Bastien, Ellen Goldboom, Ewa Sucha, Richard Webster, IvanTerekov, Caroline Zuijdwijk Objectives: Social determinants of health (SDH) impact diabetes short- and long-term outcomes. In response to COVID-19, virtual care has become a solution to ensure ongoing healthcare access. However, socially disadvantaged groups have less access and skills related to technology, leading to potential increases in health disparities. We aimed to determine the association between SDH and physician-perceived virtual visit quality and outcome in pediatric diabetes patients. Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients who attended a scheduled virtual diabetes follow-up visit at a pediatric tertiary care centre from December 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. During this time, a quality improvement study required physicians to rate the quality (same/better or worse than in-person) and outcome (successfully replaced in-person visit or not) of each virtual visit. These data, along with patient characteristics, were extracted from the electronic health record. Institut national de santé public du Québec Material and Social Deprivation Index and the Ontario Marginalization Index (Ethnic Concentration) were used to determine SDH based on postal code. Statistical analysis tested for an association between deprivation index quintiles and virtual visit quality and outcome. Results: Data were obtained for 447 patients with mean age 12.7±3.8 years; 47.7% female; 93.1% type 1 diabetes; and mean glucose management indicator 7.96±1.41%. During the study period, 17.9% visits were evaluated as worse than in person, 13.1% visits were unsuccessful in replacing an in-person visit, and 20.7% were rated worse or unsuccessful. The odds of having a worse or unsuccessful visit were not different in those with the highest vs. lowest degree of material deprivation (odds ratio [OR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53, 4.76), social deprivation (OR 1.36, 95%CI 0.48, 3.83), or ethnic concentration (OR 0.30, 95%CI 0.30, 1.77). Conclusion: In our pediatric diabetes population, virtual visit quality and outcome were not associated with material or social deprivation. These results show promising success in equitable access and delivery of high quality virtual diabetes care for patients regardless of socioeconomic status, which is important in the context of the current pandemic and sustainable widespread integration of virtual care. Further studies are required to assess this association in other populations. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

Factors Influencing Oral Examination Among Korean Adults: A Multilevel Analysis

Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors influencing oral examination among adults aged ≥19 years and older in Korea. Methods: This study utilized raw data from the 2017 Community Health Survey. The study population included 228,335 individuals who completed the oral examination questionnaire. Individual-level independent variables encompassed factors such as demographics, socioeconomic status, oral health behaviors, and health status. Regional-level independent variables comprised the social deprivation index, the number of dental clinics per 10,000 people, the proportion of individuals aged ≥65 years, and access to health care within the reference time. Results: After adjusting for demographic factors, higher household income was associated with significantly higher rates of oral examination. At the regional level, a higher deprivation index was associated with a 0.88-times lower oral examination rate (p&lt;0.001), while a higher number of dental clinics per 10,000 people was associated with a 1.04-times higher rate (p=0.004). Conclusions: Adults' oral examination in Korea was influenced by both individuallevel and regional-level factors. Therefore, while planning local health projects to promote oral examination among adults, it is necessary to develop a customized approach strategy for each region that considers both individual characteristics of adults and regional characteristics in a multifaceted manner

A Retrospective Review of Social Deprivation Index and Maternal Outcomes with Placenta Accreta Spectrum from a Single Referral Center.

Little is known about how community characteristics influence placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) outcomes. Our objective was to evaluate whether adverse maternal outcomes among pregnant people (gravidae) with PAS delivering at a single referral center differ by community-level measures of social deprivation. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of singleton gravidae with histopathology confirmed PAS delivering from January 2011 to June 2021 at a referral center. Data abstraction collected relevant patient information, including resident zip code, which was linked to Social Deprivation Index (SDI) score (a measure of area-level social deprivation). SDI scores were divided into quartiles for analysis. Primary outcome was a composite of maternal adverse outcomes. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Among our cohort (n = 264), those in the lowest (least deprived) SDI quartile were older, had lower body mass index, and were more likely to identify as non-Hispanic white. Composite maternal adverse outcome occurred in 81 (30.7%), and did not differ significantly by SDI quartile. Intraoperative transfusion of ≥4 red blood cell units occurred more often among those living in deprived areas (31.2% in the highest [most deprived] vs. 22.7% in the lowest [least deprived] SDI quartile, p = 0.04). No other outcomes differed by SDI quartile. In multivariable logistic regression, a quartile increase in SDI was associated with 32% increased odds of transfusion of ≥4 red blood cell units (adjusted odds ratio: 1.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.75). Within a cohort of gravidae with PAS delivered at a single referral center, we found that those living in more socially deprived communities were more likely to receive transfusion of ≥4 red blood cell units, but other maternal adverse outcomes did not differ. Our findings highlight the importance of considering how characteristics of the surrounding community can impact PAS outcomes and may assist with risk stratification and resource deployment. · Little is known about how community characteristics influence PAS outcomes.. · In a referral center, transfusion was more common in gravidae living in socially deprived areas.. · Future research should consider how community characteristics can impact PAS outcomes..

Racial/ethnic disparities in timely receipt of buprenorphine among Medicare disability beneficiaries

BackgroundMedicare disability beneficiaries (MDBs) have disproportionately high risk of opioid use disorder (OUD) and related harms given high rates of comorbidities and high-dose opioid prescribing. Despite this increased risk, little is known about timely receipt of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), including potential disparities by patient race/ethnicity or moderation by county-level characteristics. MethodsNational Medicare claims for a sample of MDBs with incident OUD diagnosis between March 2016 and June 2019 were linked with county-level data. Multivariable mixed effects Cox proportional hazards models estimated time (in days) to buprenorphine receipt within 180 days of incident OUD diagnosis. Primary exposures included individual-level race/ethnicity and county-level buprenorphine prescriber availability, percent non-Hispanic white (NHW) residents, and Social Deprivation Index (SDI) score. ResultsThe sample (n=233,079) was predominantly White (72.3%), ≥45 years old (76.3%), and male (54.8%). Black (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=0.50; 95% CI, 0.47–0.54), Asian/Pacific Islander (aHR=0.54; 95% CI, 0.41–0.72), Hispanic/Latinx (aHR=0.81; 95% CI, 0.76–0.87), and Other racial/ethnic groups (aHR=0.75; 95% CI, 0.58–0.97) had a lower likelihood of timely buprenorphine than non-Hispanic white beneficiaries after adjusting for individual and county-level confounders. Timely buprenorphine receipt was positively associated with county-level buprenorphine prescriber availability (aHR=1.05; 95% CI, 1.04–1.07), percent non-Hispanic white residents (aHR=1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.01), and SDI (aHR=1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.10). ConclusionsRacial/ethnic disparities highlight the need to improve access to care for underserved groups. Implementing equity-focused quality and performance measures and developing interventions to increase office-based buprenorphine prescribing in predominantly minority race/ethnicity counties may reduce disparities in timely access to medication for OUD.

Changes in cancer diagnoses and stage distribution during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA: a cross-sectional nationwide assessment

The emergence of COVID-19 disrupted health care, with consequences for cancer diagnoses and outcomes, especially for early stage diagnoses, which generally have favourable prognoses. We aimed to examine nationwide changes in adult cancer diagnoses and stage distribution during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic by cancer type and key sociodemographic factors in the USA. In this cross-sectional study, adults (aged ≥18 years) newly diagnosed with a first primary malignant cancer between Jan 1, 2018, and Dec 31, 2020, were identified from the US National Cancer Database. We included individuals across 50 US states and the District of Columbia who were treated in hospitals that were Commission on Cancer-accredited during the study period. Individuals whose cancer stage was 0 (except for bladder cancer), occult, or without an applicable American Joint Committee on Cancer staging scheme were excluded. Our primary outcomes were the change in the number and the change in the stage distribution of new cancer diagnoses between 2019 (Jan 1 to Dec 31) and 2020 (Jan 1 to Dec 31). Monthly counts and stage distributions were calculated for all cancers combined and for major cancer types. We also calculated annual change in stage distribution from 2019 to 2020 and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) using multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for age group, sex, race and ethnicity, health insurance status, comorbidity score, US state, zip code-level social deprivation index, and county-level age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality in 2020. Separate models were stratified by sociodemographic and clinical factors. We identified 2 404 050 adults who were newly diagnosed with cancer during the study period (830 528 in 2018, 849 290 in 2019, and 724 232 in 2020). Mean age was 63·5 years (SD 13·5) and 1 287 049 (53·5%) individuals were women, 1 117 001 (46·5%) were men, and 1 814 082 (75·5%) were non-Hispanic White. The monthly number of new cancer diagnoses (all stages) decreased substantially after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in March, 2020, although monthly counts returned to near pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2020. The decrease in diagnoses was largest for stage I disease, leading to lower odds of being diagnosed with stage I disease in 2020 than in 2019 (aOR 0·946 [95% CI 0·939-0·952] for stage I vs stage II-IV); whereas, the odds of being diagnosed with stage IV disease were higher in 2020 than in 2019 (1·074 [1·066-1·083] for stage IV vs stage I-III). This pattern was observed in most cancer types and sociodemographic groups, although was most prominent among Hispanic individuals (0·922 [0·899-0·946] for stage I; 1·110 [1·077-1·144] for stage IV), Asian American and Pacific Islander individuals (0·924 [0·892-0·956] for stage I; 1·096 [1·052-1·142] for stage IV), uninsured individuals (0·917 [0·875-0·961] for stage I; 1·102 [1·055-1·152] for stage IV), Medicare-insured adults younger than 65 years (0·909 [0·882-0·937] for stage I; 1·105 [1·068-1·144] for stage IV), and individuals living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas (0·931 [0·917-0·946] for stage I; 1·106 [1·087-1·125] for stage IV). Substantial cancer underdiagnosis and decreases in the proportion of early stage diagnoses occurred during 2020 in the USA, particularly among medically underserved individuals. Monitoring the long-term effects of the pandemic on morbidity, survival, and mortality is warranted. None.

Increased Access, Persistent Disparities: Trends in Disparities in Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) Use, 2009-2019.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) use has increased in the United States since 2009, but how this has affected disparities in PD use is unclear. We used data from the United States Renal Data System to identify a cohort of incident dialysis patients from 2009 to 2019. We used logistic regression models to examine how odds of PD use changed by demographic characteristics. The incident PD population increased by 203% from 2009 to 2019, and the odds of PD use increased in every subgroup. PD use increased more among older people because the odds for those aged 75 years or older increased 15% more per 5-year period compared with individuals aged 18-44 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 1.73 versus OR 1.46, 95% CI, 1.42 to 1.50). The odds of PD use increased 5% more per 5-year period among Hispanic people compared with White people (OR 1.58, 95% CI, 1.53 to 1.63 versus OR 1.51, 95% CI, 1.48 to 1.53). There was no difference in odds of PD initiation among people who were Black, Asian, or of another race. The odds of PD use increased 5% more for people living in urban areas compared with people living in nonurban areas (5-year OR 1.54, 95% CI, 1.52 to 1.56 versus 5-year OR 1.46, 95% CI, 1.42 to 1.50). The odds of PD use increased 7% more for people living in socioeconomically advantaged areas compared with people living in more deprived areas (5-year OR 1.60, 95% CI, 1.56 to 1.63 for neighborhoods with lowest Social Deprivation Index versus 5-year OR 1.50, 95% CI, 1.48 to 1.53 in the most deprived areas). Expansion of PD use led to a reduction in disparities for older people and for Hispanic people. Although PD use increased across all strata of socioeconomic deprivation, the gap in PD use between people living in the least deprived areas and those living in the most deprived areas widened.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Glycemic Management in Children and Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

ObjectiveIn Canada, few studies have addressed health inequalities in type 1 diabetes (T1D) outcomes. In this study, we examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and glycemic management in children with T1D and determine whether technology use (insulin pumps or continuous glucose monitoring [CGM]), diabetes-related physician visits, and depressive symptoms modified the association. MethodsThis work was a retrospective cohort study using the Montréal Children’s Hospital Pediatric Diabetes Database of children 0 to 18 years old, diagnosed with T1D for ≥1 year, and with a hospital visit between November 2019 and October 2020. Main exposure was SES measured by the Material and Social Deprivation Index (least, moderately, or most deprived). We determined the association between SES and mean glycated hemoglobin (A1C; main outcome) in the year after the index visit using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, diabetes duration, technology use, diabetes-related physician visits, and depressive symptoms (subgroup). We examined interaction terms for technology use, diabetes-related physician visits, and depressive symptoms. ResultsThe study cohort included 306 children (mean age 13.6 years, mean A1C 8.5%). Children in the most-deprived compared with least-deprived quintiles had higher mean A1C; effect modification was significant with CGM only. Children not using CGM in the most-deprived compared with least-deprived quintiles had higher mean A1C (0.52%; 95% confidence interval, 0.14% to 0.86%), whereas the association was not significant for children using CGM. ConclusionsLower SES was associated with higher A1C; these disparities were not observed among CGM users. Further research is required to determine strategies to promote CGM access among children of lower SES in the Canadian health-care context.