Indicators Of Innovation Activity Research Articles

PROSPECTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF KYIV

The article is dedicated to exploring the prospects for sustainable development of innovation activity in the context of ensuring the economic security of the city of Kyiv. It has been established that the number of applications for the registration of industrial property rights in Ukraine increased by 47.59% in 2023 compared to 2022, although the number of registered industrial property objects decreased by 5.64%. Kyiv traditionally leads in the registration of industrial property rights, as evidenced by the dynamics of submitted and registered applications for the period 2019–2023. The total number of patent applications for inventions by national applicants in Kyiv decreased by 51.44% in 2023 compared to 2019 but increased by 32.71% compared to 2022, indicating a positive trend. It was found that the share of registered inventions by national applicants in Kyiv accounted for 40.78% of the total registered inventions by national applicants in Ukraine in 2023, while the share of registered utility models was 26.17%, 14.61% less than that of inventions. Given their degree of uniqueness, inventions are considered more innovative than utility models, and thus, the trend of surpassing registered invention applications over utility model applications in Kyiv is viewed positively. Quantitative calculations of the group indicator (sub-index) of innovation activity in the economic security of Kyiv for 2019–2023 were conducted. A decline in innovation activity in Kyiv was observed in 2022, attributed to the war. However, innovation activity improved by 3.22% in 2023 compared to 2022. It is forecasted that innovation activity will increase upon the cessation of military actions in Ukraine, as the necessity to restore the city’s infrastructure and production capacities will create favorable conditions for further development.

Mechanisms and tools for stimulating innovative activities of business entities in the context of import substitution

The presented study defines the goal of increasing the innovative activity of business entities, the basis of which is the development of innovative activity, reducing the negative economic consequences of the innovative policy of unfriendly countries, focusing domestic organizations and enterprises on the intensification of production. The analysis of the indicators of innovative activity, reflecting the lack of its development, is carried out, the features of increasing innovative activity are identified, its components are disclosed and methods for its definition are presented, the existing tools for intensifying innovative activity are studied. The main provisions of the new draft law ”On Technological Policy” are proposed, designed to eliminate the gap between science and production, with the existing practice of technology transfer, planned for adoption in September 2024, allowing for the implementation of a new direction of state policy - innovative policy for the development of technological sovereignty. The provisions (main tools) for stimulating the innovative activity of business entities are presented: increasing profits, reducing production costs of enterprises from the introduction of innovations and, on their basis, increasing the added value of manufactured products.

ASSESSING THE RESULTS OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES IN THE INTERESTS OF ACHIEVING TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY

In the context of the need to reduce technological dependence and structural changes in the economy, it is important to solve the problems of ensuring technological sovereignty by enhancing the innovative activity of enterprises and the growth of innovative activity in the context of industries and regions. The expediency of identifying innovative activities is justified by the opportunity to evaluate the activity of the enterprise as a result. In this work, a complex of factors has been identified and the functional dependencies of their influence on the innovative activities of enterprises have been determined. Groups of indicators characterizing the innovative activities of enterprises have been developed, defined, formalized and classified. A methodology and methods for assessing the influence of factors on the results of an enterprise’s innovative activities have been developed. The assessment of the results of an enterprise’s innovative activity in the presented work is associated with the grouping of indicators of innovative activity based on the obtained mathematical generalized indicator. An assessment is made of the contribution of the enterprise’s innovative activities to ensuring the technological sovereignty of the national economy.

Factor analysis of innovative activity of the regional economic system

Relevance. Innovation activity is one of the fundamental indicators of the effectiveness of innovation activity in the region. In the context of external challenges and economic instability, innovation is a fundamental vector of development of the domestic economy. However, the effectiveness of innovation activity is currently reduced due to the influence of risk factors of various etiologies. Therefore, the assessment of the factors influencing the innovative activity of the region determines the relevance and significance of the study.The purpose is to determine the influence of factors on the innovative activity of the region and its subjects, taking into account the ranking according to the degree of impact and the possibility of a restraining influence on the innovative potential of the region.Objectives. The following tasks were set and consistently solved in the study: to conduct a theoretical review of the concept of "innovative activity"; to identify factors; to classify and identify the degree of influence on the innovative activity of the region.Methodology. The paper uses a theoretical review of domestic and foreign authors dealing with the issues of factorial influence on the innovative activity of the region and its subjects. During the research, special methods were used: regression analysis, statistical analysis, expert approach, etc.Results. Based on the factor analysis, factors were identified, grouped, classified, and the degree of influence on the innovative activity of the region was determined, which helped to identify the cause of problems in the region (using the example of the Vladimir region).Conclusions. During the study, it was concluded that factor analysis allows us to examine the current state of innovation activity in the region and find the causes that have the greatest destructive effect on the indicator of innovation activity.

Strategies of the countries’ innovative activity in development of intelligent systems

Development of intelligent systems based on artificial intelligence in the area of research and development of technical systems is a new competitive advantage and a growth driver for a country. The authors of the article present the indicators of innovative activity of the countries in development of intelligent systems: the share of the country’s patents in the number of patents for all countries, the number of national strategies in the area of intelligent systems in the country, the geography of implementation of the intelligent systems developed by a country. The authors introduce a term of “index of a country specialization in the sphere of intelligent technology”. Index of specialization is a correlation of factual number of types of patents registered in the country in the sphere of intelligent technology to 10 potentially possible types of patents. These include the patents on advanced manufacturing technologies, robotics, advanced materials, artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of things, mobility, photonics, security, and digital twins. Using a cluster method, the authors classify 43 countries by the level of innovative activity in the sphere of development of intelligent systems, on the basis of the data provided by the World Intellectual Property Organization and the European Commission in 2023. This allowed developing a classification of 11 strategies of innovative activity in the sphere of development of intelligent systems (based on the scoring assessment). The proposed strategy classification makes it possible to perform benchmarking to study the country’s experience and evaluate the investment risks for the projects in development of intelligent systems.

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF PROVIDING INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF INCREASED INFLUENCE OF FACTORS OF A MILITARY NATURE: THE EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE AND THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of innovative development of the economy of Ukraine and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and to identify the problems of its provision in the conditions of martial law. The results of the study prove that factors of a military nature have an ambiguous effect on stimulating the innovative development of the country's economy. It has been established that economic evolution through innovation is a prerequisite for strengthening its competitiveness in countering modern challenges and threats. The results of the empirical study made it possible to find out that during the large-scale aggression of Russia on the territory of Ukraine in 2022, a decrease in the level of innovative economic development was also observed in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. It was established that in 2023, the countries of the analyzed group managed to increase the indicators of innovative activity of business entities and the parameters of the innovative development of the economy. Important problems in ensuring economic progress through innovative activity have been identified: (1) shortcomings of the legislation regulating the innovation sphere; (2) lack of formation of a unified innovation infrastructure; (3) significant tax burden; (4) lack of an effective system of taxation and provision of tax benefits and preferences; (5) lack of effective investment mechanisms in the field of innovation; (6) low level of technological capacity of production facilities; (7) imperfection of the education system; (8) low level of financing of research activities; (9) focus on the export of raw materials and dependence on high-tech imports. In order to ensure sustainable innovative development of the country's economy, it is necessary to create appropriate conditions for the development of innovative potential, activate the creation of cross-border innovation clusters, and strengthen the country's investment attractiveness.

THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON IT COMPANIES’ INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN THE USA

The study analyzes the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on such innovative activity indicators as R&D spending and the number of international patents of American IT companies. The sample includes 130 US companies from 2010 to 2021. The data are analyzed using the models with fixed individual effects and robust errors, Tobit and Heckman models. According to the findings R&D/Sales ratio has not changed during the pandemic. However, R&D expenditures increased during the pandemic for highly innovative firms and companies from the technology equipment sector increased analogue capitalized R&D. Besides, firms that had international patents before the pandemic granted more patents for registration during the pandemic. A one-year lag was found between innovations’ input in the form of R&D investment and innovations’ output in the form of international patents. These findings allow us to conclude that COVID-19 has a positive impact only on highly innovative companies in the United States.

Finance as a critical component of successful implementation of creative innovations in the modern economic system

The article examines theoretical approaches to the interpretation of certain concepts of the innovation economy in the context of modern transformations, as well as the effectiveness of financing creative innovations. The authors highlighted the problems of innovation transfer and intellectual property management. The paper analyzed the main innovation activity indicators in selected world countries for 2010-2022. It reveals the correlation between innovation financing and economic performance at the macro level. In addition, the authors summarized the essence of the "creative innovations" and "transfer of innovations" categories. They proposed criteria for assessing the effectiveness of innovation potential and defined their nature. The evaluation testing confirmed the possibility of using the proposed criteria. In particular, the key aspects of the formation of adequate financing of creative innovations include financial analysis of investments and risk assessment, marketing strategy and transfer of innovations, as well as monitoring and evaluation of the results of innovation implementation. The authors developed practical approaches to increase the effect of innovation implementation. These approaches allow economic systems to ensure a high level of transfer organization and implementation.

Improvement of Ukraines innovation policy based on the experience of Poland

The strategic and program documents that defined the goals and tasks for the activation of innovative development of Poland since joining the EU were analyzed. The content of institutional reforms to ensure the effectiveness of the innovation strategy and directions for improving the financial mechanism for supporting innovatively active enterprises and stimulating the innovative activity of small and medium-sized businesses in Poland are considered. A comparative analysis of the indicators of research and innovation activity of Ukraine and Poland for 2016–2022 was conducted. The positive dynamics of indicators of the financial and personnel components of research and development activity, the growth of the effectiveness of innovation activity in Poland in recent years were revealed. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the effectiveness of the state innovation policy of Poland, in particular in terms of the application of fiscal instruments and the implementation of the mechanism for expanding cooperation between research organizations and entrepreneurs. The study of the dynamics of the main indicators of scientific research and innovation activity of Ukraine showed that during the studied period there was a significant decrease in the level of financing of scientific research, a reduction in personnel potential and a decrease in the competitiveness of domestic enterprises on foreign markets of high-tech products. The expediency of implementing the Polish experience in Ukraine for improving the state innovation policy based on the introduction of measures to stimulate the innovative activity of enterprises, improving the financial and information support of scientific research and innovation activities is substantiated. Based on the Polish experience, it is proposed to introduce in Ukraine a mixed system of financial support for innovative enterprises, which includes subsidies, tax discounts, technological credits, grants for research and innovation. The importance of applying organizational and informational measures for the formation of innovative thinking of entrepreneurs, expansion of cooperation of enterprises with research centers and commercialization of research results is substantiated.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ МЕХАНИЗМ РАЗВИТИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ СФЕРЫ УСЛУГ

The article considers theoretical approaches to the formation of organizational and eco-nomic mechanism of development of innovative areas of the service sector, which allows designing long-term strategies aimed at improving the efficiency of innovative projects of enterprises of this sphere. The concept of organizational and economic mechanism of development of innovative direc-tions of the sphere of services, its main characteristics and requirements, according to which it should ensure the effectiveness of innovative development of the sphere of services, is considered. It is offered to understand a totality of organizational and economic levers of managerial influence di-rected on formation, use and improvement of organizational, industrial, technical-technological, fi-nancial, economic, personnel, ecological and safety resources for maximization of profit of the en-terprise, and also strengthening of competitive advantages in the market and cost of business under the organizational and economic mechanism of development of innovative directions of the sphere of services. The dynamics of indicators of innovation activity of enterprises of the service sector in Russia is investigated. Generalized indicators of innovative development of enterprises of the Russian service sector are systematized, according to the results of which it is concluded that enterprises are mainly engaged in modernization and optimization of processes to reduce production costs. The or-ganizational and economic mechanism is presented, the mutual coordination of the process stages and the influence of its components allow formalizing and managing the development and imple-mentation of innovations. The construction of organizational and economic mechanism of manage-ment of innovative development of enterprises in the service sector creates the necessary prerequi-sites for improving the efficiency of innovative projects and ensuring the sustainability of competi-tiveness in the conditions of growing competition and increasing the level of globalization of the world market of services. The described organizational and economic mechanism of development of innovative directions of the service sector allows designing long-term strategies aimed at improving the efficiency of innovative projects implementation.

ПІДТРИМКА РОЗВИТКУ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УМОВАХ РЕЛОКАЦІЇ

The article presents the results of the analysis of the theoretical, organizational and practical foundations of supporting innovative enterprises and entrepreneurship in the conditions of business relocation under wartime conditions. The organizational and logistical measures of government support for relocated business, the conditions for its further adaptation, including the enterprise relocation program, are considered, and the shortcomings that complicate its implementation are indicated. It was determined that among the main problems of the state program of relocation are the insufficient information base and awareness of the existing program, the lack of established communication between the participants of the process. Potential solutions have been analyzed and determined, which can contribute to revitalizing the relocation of businesses and making the process more successful. The need for state support and additional financing was emphasized, which will help bring the enterprise relocation program to a new level, which, in turn, will help enterprises continue their activities and positively influence the development of the state economy. The assessment of the main indicators of innovative activity in Ukraine was carried out. Statistics of enterprises that need relocation and statistics of the number of applications regarding requests for relocation of enterprises in 2022 are provided. Popular business relocation routes in Ukraine have been identified and evaluated. The complexities of relocation are analyzed and potential solutions are identified that will help increase the effectiveness of the state relocation program. Two groups of entrepreneurs are identified and described: those who chose relocation as a way to save their business and did not think about it until the full-scale war; and those who considered such an option and saw in it an opportunity for growth. It was established that in Ukraine there are almost no relocating enterprises working in the innovative field, which has been very neglected in recent years, as it is absolutely not stimulated by long-term sectoral development programs or fiscal incentives.

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ В ГОСТИНИЧНОМ БИЗНЕСЕ

The purpose of this article is, based on the analysis of the characteristics of innovative activities in the hotel business, to propose recommendations for the introduction of innovative technologies in the hotel business. The article focuses on digital transformation in the hotel business. on the introduction of innovative those activities in the hotel business. Key indicators of innovation activity in the hotel business have been proposed. It was concluded that it is possible to increase the efficiency of the functioning of hospitality organizations by introducing an innovative transformation model that takes into account innovative activity, which allows timely making informed management decisions that contribute to the optimization of commercial activities.

Инновационное развитие организаций сферы услуг в условиях цифровой трансформации

The study of the issues of innovative development of the service sector is an important area of socio-economic development of modern society, taking into account the processes of digital transformation. All this is due to the fact that today the service sector is becoming one of the key sectors of the economy. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to study the innovative development of service sector organizations in the context of digital transformation. In the course of the study, the authors reviewed existing works in the field of studying the innovative development of the service sector in the context of digital transformation, on the basis of which they concluded about the positive trends in the innovative development of service sector organizations from the introduction of new digital technologies and services. The analysis of statistical information on the innovative development of the service sector was carried out, the innovative activity of service sector organizations was considered, the amount of costs for innovative activities was estimated, including the intensity of spending on innovative activities by service sector enterprises, the nature of the innovative development of the Russian service sector was determined. The paper compares the innovative activity of organizations in Russia with the leading countries in the development of innovations. As a result, the authors conclude that the processes of digital transformation have a significant impact on the development of innovations in service sector organizations, which is confirmed by the analysis of the dynamics analyzed in the study of indicators of innovation activity, the structure of innovations carried out by organizations, the amount of costs for innovative development and an increase in the share of service sector organizations implementing innovations in the digital environment.

МОНИТОРИНГ И ДИАГНОСТИКА ПРОБЛЕМ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СУБЪЕКТОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

In conditions of instability, innovation plays a key role in Russia's economic development. Russia is exclusively dependent on energy exports, which makes it vulnerable to price fluctuations in the energy market. Innovations can help diversify the economy by developing other industries such as information technology, biotechnology, mechanical engineering and others, which will mitigate dependence on one sector. Innovations can lead to the creation of new products and services that will improve the quality of life of citizens, for example, in the field of health, education, transport, etc. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of innovation activity and innovative development in the subjects of the Russian Federation in order to identify the main problems and limitations that hinder the effective functioning of innovation processes at the regional level. The peculiarity of the author's approach: the innovative activity of the subjects of the Russian Federation is comprehensively studied, the main indicators of innovative activity of the subjects of the Russian Federation as a whole and by types of economic activity are analyzed; negative trends have been identified that can become a starting point for the development of strategies and measures in the field of innovation in different subjects of the Russian Federation; based on the analysis, a number of measures are proposed that contribute to the development of innovation activities in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The information base of the study was statistical data on the state of innovation activity in the subjects of the Russian Federation; analytical reviews and reports on the current state of innovative development in Russia; legislative acts and strategic documents related to the innovation policy of the Russian Federation and its regions. Methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping, tabular, generalization, etc. were used.

Innovation as a Key Driving Force of Ukraine's Economic Development in New Conditions

The article substantiates the role of innovation as one of the key drivers of Ukraine's economic development in the new conditions dictated by the war and integration with the EU. Based on a review of leading international ratings, the author analyses the state of Ukraine's innovation activity before and during the war. The strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities in Ukraine's innovation sector are identified. The results showed a deterioration in Ukraine's innovative position in international rankings, mainly under the influence of the war. The changes in the key indicators of innovation activity in Ukraine from 2010-2021 are analysed. The results show a downward trend in most of Ukraine's innovation indicators over the period analysed. The identified problems in Ukraine's innovation sphere are primarily related to the state's need for a more effective innovation policy. The main directions for improving Ukraine's innovation policy in the new conditions are identified based on the obtained results. The author identifies key promising areas for Ukraine’s innovation development in the new conditions.

The Research of Comparative Characteristics and Functional Features of the Co-integration of Technological Innovations and business Activity and their Impact on the Formation of Macroeconomic Dynamics

The subject of the study is the causal relationship between the co-integration of technological innovations and business activity, and their impact on the formation of macroeconomic dynamics in the short and long-term. The purpose of the paper is to propose a comprehensive approach to determining the conditions for the co-integration of technological innovations and business activity for their subsequent stimulation of economic growth. The practical examination of the impact of changes in the dynamics of complex indicators of creative development and commercial activity on economic growth is the research’s scientific contribution and novelty. Using vector error correction models, modular root testing models and other econometric methods, the author demonstrated that both business activity and innovation stimulate economic growth in the long-term. In the short-term, there are strong causal relationships, but they are not always homogeneous. The main conclusion is the fact that the results obtained by the author confirm the correctness of using the approach of determining the order of integration and the presence/absence of co-integration between indicators of innovative development, business activity and economic growth. The summary results confirm the existence of a close long-term equilibrium relationship between innovation, business activity and economic growth.

The influence of digital business on the economy and innovation development in Kazakhtan

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of digital transformation processes in business on economic performance and innovative development in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To achieve this goal, data covering 2013–2022 was used, and statistical analysis methods were applied. As part of the research methodology, an analysis of the level of digital activity of enterprises was carried out, as well as an assessment of indicators of innovation activity. Statistical models are used to study in detail the impact of digital transformation on the economy and innovation. The leading indicators that the analysis focused on were the level of use of information and communication technologies by businesses, access to Internet resources, and the participation of firms in ordering and receiving orders online. In addition, the share of innovative products in total GDP is considered. The results obtained indicate positive trends in the process of digitalization of enterprises in Kazakhstan. The impact of digital transformation on the economy, measured by GDP, was less pronounced compared to the impact on innovation. Key indicators, such as Internet access and ICT use, are identified that demonstrate the statistically significant impact of digitalization on business. The study recommends several measures, including stimulating innovation through digitalization, supporting the development of information and communication technologies, and monitoring and regulatory measures to support digital and innovative development in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Trends and «Oddities» in the Evolution of Industry in the Irkutsk Region in the Space of Innovative and Destructive Disturbances

The bizarre evolution of regional industry in a disturbed environment is manifested by the features of non-linear functioning as responses to the influence of assertive factors of transformation of the world and national economy. The motley picture of the chronological series of values of basic industry indicators encourages us to evaluate and explain the observed trends, drawing attention to the «oddities» of the economic dynamics of industry in the Irkutsk region. In an effort to increase the analytics of transition processes excited in the regional economy by streams of innovative and destructive disturbances, the theoretically and practically significant task of objectifying and understanding the patterns of maneuvering of the industry of the Baikal region in a non-stationary environment is being updated. The attractiveness of research on this popular topic in order to identify and argue trends in the evolution of industry in the Irkutsk region obliges us to turn to the teachings of evolution, chaos and disasters, nonlinear dynamics and synergetics, which constitute the methodology of the research presented, for instrumental processing and interpretation of complex economic processes in industrial systems. The information and empirical basis for the research was information from federal and regional statistics, scientific publications on the problems of industrial and innovation management. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the object of study is the industry of the Irkutsk region. Scientific novelty lies in the increase in knowledge about the sources, factors and phenomena of the evolution of regional industry in the space of innovative and destructive disturbances. The article reveals the nonlinear dynamics of indices of the physical volume of the gross regional product, industrial production, investment in fixed capital, and a number of indicators of innovative activity of the regional industry. The conducted research modernizes the theoretical, methodological and applied tools for managing the development of regional industry in a non-stationary environment.

РОЛЬ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ У ПІСЛЯВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД

The article highlights the role of innovative entrepreneurship in ensuring the economic development of Ukraine in the postwar period. The state of development of innovation processes in Ukraine is characterized through the prism of allocation of the main indicators of innovation activity of domestic business entities. On the basis of the assessment of the state of development of innovation processes in Ukraine, the key problems that affect the effective formation and functioning of domestic innovative entrepreneurship and the innovation system in general are allocated. The main advantages of innovative entrepreneurship are allocated. It is noted that innovative entrepreneurship affects the process of structural reorganization of the economy, acceleration of its growth, creation of an innovative and competitive environment and efficient use of available resources. At the same time, it is noted that the role of innovative entrepreneurship is extremely broad and important, since it affects the level of knowledge intensity and competitiveness of the national economy. It is emphasized that in modern economic conditions, small innovative enterprises play a key role in ensuring the effective development of the innovation system. It is determined that small innovative enterprises have a number of advantages over large companies. They are distinguished by high mobility, dynamism, sensitivity to the slightest changes in the market situation, the ability to respond quickly to consumer needs, new scientific ideas and solving specific problems related to obtaining the final result from the implementation of an innovative product. It is generalized that in the current economic environment, small innovative business entities need support from the State, which should be aimed at applying the achievements of scientific and technological development and innovation partnership.

Анализ реализации проектов современных российских высокотехнологичных производств в условиях санкций недружественных государств

The article presents the results of the analysis of the implementation of projects of modern Russian high-tech industries under the sanctions of unfriendly states. The dynamics of indicators of innovative activity of Russian enterprises and the release of innovative products by them during the implementation of a number of large-scale projects is analyzed. The ratio of the costs of innovation activity to the volume of output of innovative products by Russian enterprises is analyzed.