Indicator Of People Research Articles

Data-driven nexus between malaria incidence and World Bank indicators in the Mekong River during 2000-2022.

The increase in hydro dams in the Mekong River amidst the prevalence of multidrug-resistant malaria in Cambodia has raised concerns about global public health. Political conflicts during Covid-19 pandemic led cross-border movements of malaria cases from Myanmar and caused health care burden in Thailand. While previous publications used climatic indicators for predicting mosquito-borne diseases, this research used globally recognizable World Bank indicators to find the most impactful indicators related with malaria and shed light on the predictability of mosquito-borne diseases. The World Bank datasets of the World Development Indicators and Climate Change Knowledge Portal contain 1494 time series indicators. They were stepwise screened by Pearson and Distance correlation. The sets of five and four contain respectively 19 and 149 indicators highly correlated with malaria incidence which were found similarly among five and four GMS countries. Living areas, ages, career, income, technology accessibility, infrastructural facilities, unclean fuel use, tobacco smoking, and health care deficiency have affected malaria incidence. Tonle Sap Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, could contribute to the larval habitat. Seven groups of indicator topics containing 92 indicators with not-null datapoints were analyzed by regression models, including Multiple Linear, Ridge, Lasso, and Elastic Net models to choose 7 crucial features for malaria prediction via Long Short Time Memory network. The indicator of people using at least basic sanitation services and people practicing open defecation were health factors had most impacts on regression models. Malaria incidence could be predicted by one indicator to reach the optimal mean absolute error which was lower than 10 malaria cases (per 1,000 population at risk) in the Long Short Time Memory model. However, public health crises caused by political problems should be analyzed by political indexes for more precise predictions.

Optimizing statin prescriptions for people living with HIV: Evidence for improved communication and shared care between primary care and specialist HIV services.

Our objective was to assess the numbers of eligible people living with HIV attending one HIV clinic and receiving statins, the factors increasing the likelihood of statin prescription, the knowledge and involvement of primary care in cardiovascular risk prevention in people living with HIV, and the barriers to and drivers of shared care between general practitioners (GPs) and an HIV centre. This was a retrospective case note review identifying cardiovascular risk, medications, and communication between the HIV clinic and GPs via an electronic survey of GPs identifying their knowledge about statin indications in people living with HIV. In total, 62% of GPs were unaware of the indication for statins in people living with HIV aged >40 years. A total of 33% of patients received statins, rising to 61% of patients with independent indications for statins. 92% of all statin prescriptions were provided by the GP. Statins were recommended in 25% of clinic letters but were not prescribed in 72% of these cases. There was discordance between antiretrovirals prescribed by the HIV clinic and those documented on the GP record in 60% of cases and in 40% of non-antiretroviral medications. Our results indicate that GPs can engage people living with HIV in cardiovascular risk reduction measures but may not consider HIV a cardiovascular risk. Written communication alone is insufficient to improve safe patient care. Shared HIV care needs bidirectional shared medical records. Ongoing work needs to ensure that HIV is recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.

Analysis of Key Factors for The Success of Waqf Through Moneyin The Dhuafa's Wallet Waspada

The aim of this research is to analyze, explore and explain the key factors for the success of waqf through money in the wallets of the dhuafa alert. This research intends to study the key factors of waqf through money and how successful waqf through money is in Dompet Dhuafa Waspada. Qualitative research is a method used by collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research found that the key factor in the success of waqf through money in Dompet Dhuafa Waspada is creating programs that are attractive to the community as an indicator of people who want to donate to Dompet Dhuafa Waspada. Be alert to interesting programs such as mosque construction waqf, ambulance car waqf, Al-Quran waqf and livestock fattening wells. This is what really influences its success from other factors. Waqf through cash must be preserved and is not allowed to be sold, inherited or gifted to immovable or movable property. Because waqf through money is carried out widely and is not limited. However, those who are entitled to receive cash waqf include those who cannot afford it and the poor.

Analisis pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan di Sumatera Utara

The aim of this research is to see how economic growth, poverty, and welfare levels in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, relate to each other. This research investigates how these components interact in regional development using various theoretical frameworks. This research method involves the analysis of secondary data from North Sumatra Province, including data on economic growth, poverty levels, and indicators of people's welfare. Economic data will be evaluated using economic growth theory, and factors such as access to clean water, electricity, schools, health facilities, and infrastructure will be considered in the poverty and welfare analysis. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide in-depth insight into how economic growth impacts community welfare and poverty levels at the provincial level. It is hoped that this research will provide policy benefits for local governments as they create plans for sustainable economic development, improve community welfare, and overcome poverty.

Conserving Commons for Whom? Heritage Conservation in Nairobi and Other Places in Kenya

ABSTRACT Urban heritage is an indicator of people’s idiosyncrasies. Significant values and meanings are created, and their decline can be controlled through conservation. Unfortunately, conservation in Kenya has been endorsed somewhat by powerful politicians and administrators for partisan objectives. They have failed to enforce existing conservation law and tried to appropriate value heritage assets. This paper, therefore, assesses the challenges of heritage conservation, the extent of systematic heritage destruction and the causes of conflict in the heritage conservation of Kenya. Three cases have been examined: the Ojijo Road Flats in Nairobi, Endorois court case and the Kaya Forest sacred ritual sites. A research programme was designed which involved participants with relevant knowledge. It emerged that conflict of interest, limited consultation and poor heritage management had resulted in the loss of heritage authenticity, integrity, and values. Furthermore, lack of public involvement and limited resources derailed heritage conservation. A literature review revealed the extent to which national legal instruments lacked reference to community responsibility in heritage conservation. The study concludes that a relevant conservation policy needs to be established to enhance sustainable heritage conservation and management in Kenya.

The nature and intensity of the impact of the labor market, population and family on poverty from different perspectives across world economies

The aim of the article is, with the help of empirical analysis, to verify and further expand knowledge about the existence and nature of the influence of selected indicators of the labor market, population and family on poverty from different points of view. In global economies, for example, the NAIRU indicator of men with auxiliary occupations and the percentage of women working at home with 1 child aged 12 and over had an adverse impact on the indicator of the inability to face unexpected financial costs. An adverse impact was found on the indicator of people's risk of poverty or social exclusion by age and gender, including the NAIRU indicator of men with the occupation operator and the tax rate indicator of an earning spouse with two children. On the contrary, the percentage of women working at home with 1 child 12 had a positive impact on the indicator of people's risk of poverty or social exclusion by region, for example. The NAIRU indicator of women with less than primary education aged 40-44 had a positive impact on the indicator of the risk of poverty for the elderly, among others years and an indicator of the length of working hours of an employed man as a sales and service worker.

DYNAMICS OF KINESIOPHOBIA AND PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING PARAMETERS IN THE ELDERLY ADULTS WITH SARCOPENIC OBESITY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHYSICAL THERAPY PROGRAM

Aim: to determine the effectiveness of a physical therapy program for the elderly with sarcopenic obesity in terms of the kinesiophobia and physical functioning parameters.
 Materials and methods: We examined 106 elderly people, who were divided into 3 groups. The control group consisted of individuals with normal body weight and they had no sarcopenia. The main group 1 consisted of individuals with sarcopenic obesity and a weak therapeutic alliance; they were given general recommendations for modifying the diet and expanding physical activity. The main group 2 included patients with a strong therapeutic alliance. A one-year physical therapy program with the use of kinesitherapy, massage, dietary intervention, patient education, the elements of cognitive training and occupation therapy was developed for them. The dynamics were assessed by Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, Fullerton Fitness Test, Edmonton Frail Scale.
 Results: Elderly people with sarcopenic obesity have a high level of kinesiophobia (Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale), their physical status (coordination, balance, strength, flexibility, endurance, agility) significantly lags behind that of their peers (Fullerton Fitness Test), they suffer from the frailty (Edmonton Frail Scale). After applying the developed physical therapy program, it was possible to state that the individuals of the main group 2 showed a statistically significant (p <0.05) improvement in their physical functioning parameters relative to the indicators of their peers and initial parameters, a reduction in the frailty, decreasing in the level of kinesiophobia. The low level of the therapeutic alliance, despite the awareness of the negative consequences for the health, led to unsatisfactory implementation or non-implementation of the recommendations provided for the elderly with sarcopenic obesity and was associated with no improvement in the physical status, signs of frailty, kinesiophobia.
 Conclusions: The developed physical therapy program for elderly patients with sarcopenic obesity against a background of a high level of the therapeutic alliance showed a statistically significant improvement in all studied indicators of kinesiophobia and physical functioning parameters compared to the initial level and the indicators of people with low levels of the therapeutic alliance.

Analisis Cluster Fuzzy C-Means dan Diskriminan untuk Pengelompokan Data Kesejahteraan Rakyat

Cluster analysis is a multivariate method that aims to classify objects into a cluster based on different characteristics. The statistical technique that can be used for clustering is Fuzzy C-means (FCM). The FCM uses membership degree to determine the existence of each data point in a cluster. To ensure accurate clustering and that the criteria are met, cluster validation must be done to produce good data clustering. Moreover, this study uses a discriminant analysis test to validate the results of cluster solutions. The study aims to classify 34 provinces in Indonesia based on the level of people's welfare. The data used in this study is data on indicators of people's welfare in Indonesia in 2021. The variables used in this study were age/life expectancy, the average length of schooling, the 16-18 years of enrollment, and households with proper access to water. Based on the study results, two clusters were formed: cluster 1, areas with low people’s welfare indicator values in 16 provinces, and Cluster 2, regions with high people's welfare indicator values in 18 provinces.

Remote Digital Solutions for Organization of Treatment and Monitoring of Patients with Heart Failure Abroad

Introduction. Cardiovascular pathology is one of the leading causes of global mortality burden, being responsible for more than 30% of all deaths. Continuous monitoring of patients with heart failure is crucial in developing measures aimed at reducing cardiovascular mortality. The advancement of digital technologies in this field will improve the quality of monitoring and treatment of patients with heart failure.
 Objective. The goal of the study was to summarize the results of implementation of some well-known approaches to digital healthcare for patients with heart failure.
 Materials and methods. The data is obtained from PubMed databases and Google search results. Scientific articles in English were selected by the following keywords: “heart failure”, “information technologies”, “remote monitoring”, “digital technologies”, etc. In some cases, the search was also conducted in еру Russian Internet segment using such keywords as “сердечная недостаточность [heart failure]”, “распространенность [prevalence]”, etc.
 Results. The use of digital technologies for recording health indicators in people with heart failure has been examined. The aspects of self-monitoring of health indicators are considered, examples of sensor and artificial intelligence technologies for continuous remote monitoring of patients are given, the principles of digital patient management for achieving adherence to treatment are presented, aspects of remote rehabilitation using telehealth technologies are discussed.

Relationship of handgrip strength with health indicators of people living with HIV in west Pará, Brazil.

Handgrip strength (HGS) is an important health indicator that can be influenced by body composition and biochemical markers of people living with HIV, contributing to better understanding of health-related outcomes. To analyze the relationship between HGS and health indicators in people living with HIV. Cross-sectional study, with 207 people living with HIV, attending a reference center, located in Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Data collection covered sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, physical activity level, body composition, and HGS information. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting p < .05. There was a predominance of men (60%), aged 33-47years (42%). A relationship was observed between adequate HGS and the male sex (p < .001), and adequate values for body mass index (p = .003), abdominal circumference (p < .001), and total cholesterol (p = .012). In addition, higher values of fat mass (p < .001), and lower lean mass (p = .006) were observed for people living with HIV with low HGS. People living with HIV present an association between lean body mass and high HGS. On the other hand, low HGS favored obesity and hypercholesterolemia. Thus, monitoring HGS is an important indicator of body, laboratory, and functional capacity changes, with HGS being an additional element in the clinical evaluation.

Effects of Aquatic Interventions on Physical Health Indicators in People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Review.

Exercise in water is widely used for improving the physical capacities of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). In this review, we examined the results of studies on the effects of water interventions on functional abilities, as well as the physiological and biochemical status of people with IDs. We considered studies in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Research Gate databases which were published between 2010 and 31 December 2022. Based on our inclusion criteria, 15 studies were selected for review. We found incomplete recording of data on the intensity and timing of physical activity. There was also wide variation in the terminology used to describe physical abilities. The study results suggested that aquatic interventions brought about improvements in endurance and strength; however, conflicting data were found with respect to balance and body mass index, and there were few data on biomarkers related to stress and brain health. Further research with more accurate training load data and a more common fitness terminology is needed. Lastly, traditional swimming should probably be considered as an aquatic intervention.

Correlates of Oral Health Conditions and Oral Health Literacy Among a Sample of Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Oral health literacy (OHL) and dental health indicators in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are important health conditions that have been less investigated in this group of patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate oral health conditions and OHL in adult patients with cardiovascular conditions who referred to dental clinics in southwest, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ahvaz, Iran in 2021-2022. The oral and dental health status and literacy of 302 people were investigated, and data were collected using a standard questionnaire about OHL (with dimensions of comprehension and calculation ability), as well as demographic and medical information. Then, the patients were clinically examined by a dentist to determine oral health indicators (Decayed, missing, and filled teeth: DMFT) and oral health index (OHI-S). Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS, version 22. Results: The mean DMFT was 11.06±3.55. According to the OHI-S, 124 (41.1%), 75 (24.8%), and 103 (34.1%) people were categorized in mean, good, and poor oral health levels, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient demonstrated a direct, strong, and significant relationship between age and DMFT and OHI (r=0.702, r=0.678 P&lt;0.001). The relationship between understanding ability and DMFT and OHI was inversely correlated (r=-0.389, r=-0.278, P&lt;0.001), and the relationship between calculation ability and OHI, as well as between calculation ability and DMFT was inverse and significant ((r=-0.572, P&lt;0.001) and r=-0.429, P&lt;0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The results showed that there is a relationship between OHL and OHI in people with CVD, although it is not in a favorable condition. As a result, the design, implementation, and evaluation of oral health education programs for patients with CVD are highly recommended, and it is imperative that oral and dental health be carefully monitored in these patients.

1220-P: Age Differences in the Effects of Multicomponent Periodontal Treatments on Oral and Metabolic Health among People with Diabetes Mellitus—A Meta-epidemiological Study

Objectives: To explore the age differences in the effect of multi-component periodontal treatment on oral and metabolic indicators in people with periodontitis and diabetes. Methods: Six databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, CINHAL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest) were searched from database inception to August 2022. Trials reporting the effects of multi-component periodontal treatment on oral and metabolic indicators in people over 18 years old with periodontitis and diabetes were included. We used bivariate and multivariate meta-regression models to examine the association between age and treatment effect size. The primary outcomes were changes in pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Results: A total 115 trials (119 articles) met the inclusion criteria. Pooled evidence demonstrated that multi-component periodontal treatment significantly reduced PD (g=0.929, 95% CI [0.689-1.169], I2=94.1%), CAL (g=0.879, 95% CI [0.669-1.089], I2=92.1%), and HbA1c (g=0.603, 95% CI [0.443-0.763], I2=87.5%). There was a significant decreasing trend in the effect size for PD (P for trend = 0.020) and CAL (P for trend = 0.028) as age increases. Results from multivariate meta-regression showed that age was associated with smaller effects of PD (β [standard error] = -0.123 [0.041], P=0.004) and CAL (-0.159 [0.055], P=0.006). The effect size for HbA1c was smaller in participants older than 55 years compared to their younger counterparts (-0.792 [0.322], P=0.017). Conclusions: The effect size of multi-component periodontal treatments on PD and CAL may decrease as people with periodontitis and diabetes age increases. The treatment effect on HbA1c is significantly lower in people older than 55 compared to their younger counterparts. The components of periodontal treatment should be adjusted to the individual’s periodontal and glycemic control levels. Disclosure Z.Zhu: None. X.Qi: None. Y.Zheng: None. Y.Pei: None. B.Wu: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (P30AG059304, P50MD017356)

BRANDING PERPUSTAKAAN MELALUI AKUN INSTAGRAM DALAM MENUNJANG BAURAN PEMASARAN DIGITAL DI GRHATAMA PUSTAKA YOGYAKARTA

A library as an information center has innovated in branding libraries through social media, one of which is through Instagram. This article discusses the branding carried out by the library through the Instagram account @Balaiyanpus.Dpaddiy in an effort to support the digital marketing mix at Grhatama Pustaka Yogyakarta. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach through field research methods. Research data were obtained from interviews with informants, literature reviews, and documentation. This study found the results that Grhatama Pustaka's Instagram has supported the marketing mix, judging from the SOSTAC (Situation Analysis, Objectives, Strategy, Tactics, Actions, Control) theory. The first aspect of situation analysis on the indicators that are the reference is four, namely customer insight, competitor analysis, and current channel, as well as using SWOT analysis has been fulfilled, the second aspect of the objectives indicators that have not been met, namely on unmeasured goals, the third aspect of strategy has also been fulfilled, the fourth aspect of tactics using the 7P marketing mix theory, 7P indicators that are still constrained are indicators of people or people who are still lacking, the fifth aspect of actions where indicators that have not been fulfilled, namely unstructured program planning carried out in writing and the sixth aspect of control monitored has been carried out by Grhatama Pustaka Yogyakarta

HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER ANALYSIS ON PEOPLE'S WELFARE IN SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE

Problems with people's welfare typically result from the government's development efforts in a region not being done properly or not being done equally. Consider grouping and defining the traits of each region's degree of welfare as a potential answer to ensure that development policies and strategies are well-targeted. This study aims to classify 17 regency/cities in Southeast Sulawesi province based on several indicators of people's welfare. The method used is hierarchical cluster analysis with several approaches, including Single Linkage, Complete Linkage, Average Linkage, and Ward's. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the publication of the Central Agency of Statistics (CAS) of Southeast Sulawesi Province. Based on the results of the evaluation the best method used is Ward's method which produces three clusters. The first cluster consists of 9 regencies, namely Buton, North Buton, South Buton, Central Buton, Muna, West Muna, Wakatobi, Konawe Islands, and East Kolaka, the majority of which come from the archipelago. Some of the problems that occur in these areas are the relatively high poverty rate and the low average length of schooling and life expectancy. The same thing happened to the second cluster which consisted of 6 regencies, namely Konawe, South Konawe, North Konawe, Bombana, Kolaka, and North Kolaka with problems of poverty, the average length of schooling, and relatively low sources of proper drinking water when compared to other clusters. The third cluster consists of 2 urban areas, namely Kendari City and Baubau City, the problems that occur are the relatively high unemployment rate and population density. The government ought to offer more initiatives to handle issues with poverty, education, and health in regions in clusters 1 and 2. While in cluster 3, the government ought to offer more initiatives to combat jobless issues and prepare for rising population densities.

Youth’s Disposition of Radicalism in a Poly-Ethnic and Poly-Confessional Society from the Perspective of Tolerance/Intolerance

The research aims to study the features of tolerance/intolerance as an indicator of people's dispositions of radicalism in a poly-ethnic and poly-confessional society. The study was conducted in Kazakhstan, which can be an interesting example of a multi-ethnic and poly-religious society; a similar experience of the risk of radicalism among young people in a multicultural society is now shared by many countries of the world and most urbanized communities. To conduct applied research, methodological tools were created. The study was conducted online using the Google Forms platform. It involved 100 Almaty university students (43% of males and 57% of females) of various specialties in their 1-4 years of study. The study shows very high violent extremism indicators: the cult of power, the permissibility of aggression, conventional coercion, and conformity. It was found that there are gender differences in terms of violent extremism dispositions and tolerance: females are characterized by tolerance, social tolerance, and tolerance as a personality trait (p≤0.05), while interpersonal tolerance is characteristic of males (p≤0.05). The affective and conative tolerance components are more developed in females (р≤0.05), and the activity style and value orientation components are more often found in males (р≤0.05). Integrative tolerance corresponds to the average level: 87% have an average level, 11% have a low level, and 2% have a high level.

The relationship between big five personality and quality of life of people with disabilities: The mediating effect of social support.

The quality of life of people with disabilities is of great significance to social stability and development. Increasing the quality of life among the disabled has become a worldwide topic. This study aims to examine the relationship between the big five personality and quality of life and the mediating effects of social support indicators in people with disabilities. This was a cross-sectional study with 358 people with disabilities (193 women and 165 men). A questionnaire was utilized to measure big five personality, social support, and quality of life variables. Pearson's correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used to examine the relation among big five personality, social support, and quality of life. QOL was positively correlated with social support (r = 0.402, p < 0.001), extraversion (r = 0.324, p < 0.001), agreeableness (r = 0.474, p < 0.001), conscientiousness (r = 0.482, p < 0.001), and openness (r = 0.498, p < 0.001). QOL was negatively correlated with neuroticism (r = -0.186, p < 0.001). The mediating effect of social support on the relationship between neuroticism and the quality of life of people with disabilities was not significant. Social support significantly mediated the relationship between extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and quality of life. Overall, positive personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness) in the Big Five Personality of people with disabilities could increase their quality of life by Perceiving social support. But social support could not significantly mediate the relationship between neuroticism and the quality of life of people with disabilities. These new findings suggest that combining individual factors (personality) and environmental factors (social support) can better improve the quality of life of people with disabilities.

Картографические маркеры стиля жизни сельских жителей Крыма

The method of cartographic interpretation of information on recreational mobility of the population of urban and rural territories of recreational areas of Crimea is considered. Recreational mobility of the population, according to the author’s version, can serve as an indicator of people’s lifestyle. For the rural population of Crimea, the lifestyle was actualized as an opportunity to use free time not related to work in the field of agriculture. The authors conducted public opinion polls of Crimean residents in 2019 and 2021. The purpose of the surveys was to form a spatial model of intra-Crimean recreational mobility of people and the possibility of its cartographic confirmation in the process of studying the social mobility of rural residents. The recreational mobility of the population was taken into account in the cartographic plots of its preferences regarding the types and seasons of recreation, the range and frequency of trips to rest. To identify the features of rural lifestyle, the authors used a comparison of the characteristics of recreational and social mobility of the population. The social mobility of the population of rural areas was determined in the process of a public opinion poll of rural residents, which allows authors to conclude that they have a desire to connect their own and the future of children with life in the village. The maps have been developed confirming the low recreational mobility of rural residents of the peripheral territories of the Crimea. The conclusion is made about the dependence of this type of movement on the features of transport accessibility of places of residence of the rural population, as well as pricing policy on public transport. In the lifestyle of the population of the Crimean periphery—the Northern and most of the Central recreational areas, where almost two-thirds of residents live in rural areas, traditional trips for the purpose of bathing and beach holidays are poorly represented. The lifestyle of these territories, as well as the peripheral Northwestern and Eastern recreational areas of Crimea, has practically no mobility associated with health improvement. One of the reasons for the high social mobility of the rural population of the peripheral regions of Crimea may be the weak transformation of their lifestyle, manifested in the structure of preferences in recreation.

Assessment of Cardiometabolic Risk Reveals Elevated C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Deficit Schizophrenia after Adjustment for Lifestyle Characteristics

Previous studies investigating cardiovascular indicators in people with deficit schizophrenia (D-SCZ) have provided mixed findings. None of these studies controlled for the effects of lifestyle characteristics. We aimed to compare cardiometabolic parameters between patients with deficit schizophrenia (D-SCZ), those with nondeficit schizophrenia (ND-SCZ) and healthy control subjects (HCs) while taking into consideration lifestyle characteristics. A total of 168 participants were assessed. The following parameters were determined from serum samples: total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The levels of CRP, but not other parameters, were significantly higher in patients with D-SCZ compared with those with ND-SCZ and HCs after adjustment for body mass index, adherence to Mediterranean diet, level of physical activity, nicotine dependence and dosage of antipsychotics. Higher levels of CRP were associated with lower attention in patients with schizophrenia as well as lower immediate memory and global cognition in healthy controls. Moreover, a significant positive relationship between the concentration of CRP and severity of negative symptoms was observed. These findings suggest that individuals with D-SCZ show subclinical inflammation that cannot be simply explained by an unhealthy lifestyle. Elevated CRP levels might be associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Identifying, Prioritizing, and Assessing Factors Influencing Customer Loyalty Covered by Supplemental Insurance

Background. Given that the market environment is becoming specialized in different sectors, it is necessary to identify specialized indicators of customer loyalty and their priority to improve the provision of complementary health insurance services. This study aimed to identify, prioritize, and measure the loyalty indicators in people covered by supplemental insurance. Methods. An exploratory study was conducted using a mixed-method approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative section, a total of 20 interviews was conducted with faculty members, managers, and experts of insurance companies in Khuzestan province (Ahvaz city of Iran), and in the quantitative section, a total of 380 interviews was conducted with staff of supplementary health insurance. In the qualitative section, the data were first extracted using scoping review methodology, then coded and classified using the data-driven method. Next, each indicator was prioritized using the fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Smart PLS software. Results. Thirty eight articles was included in the scoping review. After the semi-structured interview, five indicators were identified, including customer satisfaction, customer trust, repurchase intention, recommendation to others, and brand preference. In our study, customer satisfaction (0.269), repurchase intention (0.233), brand preference (0.196), customer trust (0.155), recommendation to others (0.147), respectively, had the greatest impact on customer loyalty. Conclusion. According to the results, customer satisfaction was the most important factor influencing loyalty. Therefore, the managers of insurance companies should pay more attention to increase insured individual satisfaction and improved customer loyalty in companies.