Indicators Of Environmental Quality Research Articles

METODE REGRESI GULUD UNTUK MENGATASI MASALAH MULTIKOLINEARITAS PADA KASUS INDEKS KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2021

The environmental quality index is an indicator of environmental quality in Indonesia. EQI shows an increasing trend from 2018 to 2022, although Indonesia's environmental quality is ranked 116 out of 180 countries in the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of the EQI and the factors that can affect EQI, estimate the parameters of the ridge regression model and test the significance of the ridge regression model parameters to overcome the multicollinearity problem in the EQI case. This study uses 4 independent variables, namely population density, traffic, waste, and sanitation in Indonesia in 2021 as secondary data. In this study, ridge regression analysis is used because there is an almost linear relationship between the factors that are thought to affect the EQI. Ridge Regression is a technique that imposes limits (penalties) on parameter estimates in the regression model so that a reduction in the estimated coefficient value can overcome the multicollinearity problem. The results show that the optimal lambda value is 4.737078 when using the 5-fold cross-validation method. Variables that partially affect EQI are population density, waste, and environmental sanitation. The independent variables in this study that can explain the variability of EQI in Indonesia in 2021 is 59.52%, while 40.48% is explained by other variables that are not included in the model. Indonesia's EQI score in 2021 is 71.45 with the predicate "Good". Keywords: Environmental Quality Index, Ridge Regression, Cross Validation.

Testing load capacity and environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for China: Evidence from novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lags model

Climate changes are occurring faster than expected and affecting human lives through increasing carbon emissions, food scarcity and changes in global temperatures. Following this trend, China is one of the top contributors to global pollution, and at the same time, it is a leading producer of electricity production from renewable sources (ELREC). The current research examines the relationship between ELREC, research and development (REDEV), and economic growth and their impact on three environmental quality indicators: carbon dioxide emissions, ecological footprint, and load capacity factor in China from 1985 to 2018. This research is significant because it helps to identify factors contributing to the environmental deterioration in China and how they can be addressed. Using the autoregressive distributed lag and dynamic autoregressive distributed lag model, the research suggests a load capacity curve (LCC) and simultaneously tests the LCC and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypotheses. The findings indicate that the LCC and EKC hypotheses are viable in China and that ELREC favorably influences environmental quality. Additionally, REDEV has a significant impact on environmental indicators. The findings of this research reveal, in general, that sustainable REDEV, prioritizing environmental protection, and transitioning towards renewable energy sources are crucial elements of China's green development strategy. This study's findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders working to improve environmental quality in China.

Criteria for Assessing the Environmental Quality of Soils in a Mediterranean Region for Different Land Use

Since the 1980s, there has been a notable increase in environmental sensitivity, which has decisively contributed to an improved perception of the role of soil in ecosystems. European (and especially Mediterranean) soils have a long tradition of use, which places them among the three Earth soils that have been affected the most by anthropic pressure. The definition of soil quality identifies and recognizes the soil’s main functions regarding productivity, environmental quality, and human health. Interpreting the criteria for assessing soil quality requires continuous information on its state. Therefore, certain measurable characteristics and properties of the soil are useful, as they can be affected by processes that impact its quality, and analyzing its variation can reflect or show that impact. The parameters used to measure a soil’s state are called indicators. Indicators are useful because they provide summarized and simplified information on the state of a process, but with a meaning that goes beyond an association with an individual parameter. There is an urgent need for consensus among soil scientists and institutions on the concept of soil quality and the applicable environmental quality indicators, as well as establishing interpretative guides for the selected indicators. Soil quality can be analyzed and assessed using several scales with different analysis objectives, information requirements, soil data, implications, and consequences for appropriate soil management. Spanish soil scientists developed a methodological proposal to assess the environmental quality of soil, its environmental impact, and plan and organize land use in the scope of a Mediterranean region. This manuscript is a contribution to the knowledge of the state-of-the-art research in the field of assessing the environmental quality of soils, providing the vision of numerous authors and a methodological proposal for an assessment on a regional scale that may be of interest in other regions or fields of study.

Impact of solar radiation on indoor thermal comfort near highly glazed façades in a hot-humid subtropical climate: An experimental evaluation

Solar radiation has a profound impact on indoor thermal conditions, particularly in highly glazed spaces. However, there have been limited field measurements on this subject. Focusing on subtropical climate, this study investigated the effects of irradiation on thermal comfort from two aspects, disparities in glass properties and spatial positions, through a field measurement. Six test cells, each equipped with a representative type of glass, were established; two measurement points were set at inner and near-window positions to analyze the spatial disparities and impacts of solar radiation asymmetry. PMV-PPD-based evaluation criteria were employed to assess the long-term comfort levels and classified by environmental quality index (EQI); additionally, we assessed the risk of overheating by considering two indices: overheating hours and overheating severity, which represent the duration and extent of thermal discomfort. The results indicated that radiation asymmetry varied depending on glass properties and spatial/temporal difference, leading to partial thermal discomfort. Specifically, the MRT at the near-window point increased significantly, reaching 50.8 °C for single-pane glass, 40.1 °C for single-pane tinted glass, and a minimum of 32.8 °C for double-pane reflective glass after 14:30 due to direct sunlight. In contrast, the MRT at the indoor positions remained relatively stable at around 25 °C–27 °C, irrespective of the glazing type. SHGC of glass is critical for thermal comfort, as higher SHGC values intensify the sensation of extreme warmth. Through experiments, this study quantified the relationship between thermal discomfort and glazing properties, providing valuable insights for glazing facades design that can optimize indoor thermal environments.

Eco-geological environment quality assessment in a mining city: a case study of Jiangxia District, Wuhan City

This study investigates the eco-geological environmental challenges faced by Jiangxia District, a mining region in Wuhan City. By combining field surveys, literature analysis and multi-source data such as remote sensing images and on-site monitoring data, an eco-geological environment quality (EGEQ) assessment system was developed. The system consists of six indicators representing biological abundance, vegetation cover, land erosion, water abundance, surface deformation and socio-economic characteristics of the assessed area. The grey relational analysis method was utilized to calculate the weights of each indicator, and the eco-geological environment quality index (EGQI) value was obtained through the linear weighted method. The assessment results indicated a moderate grade of overall eco-geological condition in Jiangxia District between 2017 and 2021, with an 8.56% increase in the EGQI during that period. This suggests a stable and favorable eco-geo logical environment situation in the district during the specified timeframe.

Smart solutions for clean air: An AI-guided approach to sustainable industrial pollution control in coal-fired power plant

Conventional fossil fuels are relied on heavily to meet the ever-increasing demand for energy required by human activities. However, their usage generates significant air pollutant emissions, such as NOx, SOx, and particulate matter. As a result, a complete air pollutant control system is necessary. However, the intensive operation of such systems is expected to cause deterioration and reduce their efficiency. Therefore, this study evaluates the current air pollutant control configuration of a coal-powered plant and proposes an upgraded system. Using a year-long dataset of air pollutants collected at 30-min intervals from the plant's telemonitoring system, untreated flue gas was reconstructed with a variational autoencoder. Subsequently, a superstructure model with various technology options for treating NOx, SOx, and particulate matter was developed. The most sustainable configuration, which included reburning, desulfurization with seawater, and dry electrostatic precipitator, was identified using an artificial intelligence (AI) model to meet economic, environmental, and reliability targets. Finally, the proposed system was evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation to assess various scenarios with tightened discharge limits. The untreated flue gas was then evaluated using the most sustainable air pollutant control configuration, which demonstrated a total annual cost, environmental quality index, and reliability indices of 44.1 × 106 USD/year, 0.67, and 0.87, respectively.

Implementation of Green Human Resource Management in Improving Environmental Performance at Hospital in Makassar

Environmental performance is one of the factors in the Environmental Quality Index. Most of the previous research on environmental performance and GHRM was conducted in the analysis unit of the manufacturing industry, while other industrial fields have not been studied much including hospitals. In fact, the hospital is one of the fields of business that is quite related to the environment. This lesson aims to analyze the effect of GHRM which consists of Green Recruitment and Selection, Green Training, and Green Compensation variables partially or together on the environmental performance of hospitals in Makassar City. The Grand Theory used in this research is Ecocentrism Theory and Triple Bottom Line. The population in this study were hospital employees at government hospitals in Makassar City, amounting to 2,270 people. By using the Slovin formula and the stratified proportional random sampling method, the number of samples that became respondents in this study was 248 people. This research is processed with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results show that Green Recruitment and Selection, Green Training, and Green Compensation partially have a significant effect on environmental performance in hospitals in Makassar City. The results also show that Green Recruitment and Selection, Green Training, and Green Compensation together also have a significant effect on environmental performance.

Nexus between socio-economic development, fiscal decentralization, and environmental quality: Evidence from Indonesia

Purpose — The main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of socioeconomic development and fiscal decentralization on environmental quality in Indonesia, as well as to identify causal relationships between them.Method — The data utilized in this study are secondary data collected over the period from 2010 to 2020. Data sources were obtained from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the Central Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Finance, and the World Bank. This study uses a quantitative approach in dynamic panel data analysis with a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation analysis. The causal relationship between environmental quality and the research variables is analyzed using the Granger causality test.Result — The study's findings indicate the presence of the reverse of an Environmental Kuznet Curve (EKC) relationship between Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita and environmental quality. Environmental quality is influenced positively and significantly by various factors, including human development, expenditure on environmental functions, poverty, and the manufacturing industry. On the other hand, fiscal transfers and urbanization have a negative and significant effect on environmental quality.Contribution — A more comprehensive analysis of the impact of development achievements in Indonesia on environmental quality indicators is needed at the provincial government level, considering economic development, social development, and governance aspects. This study also classifies research results based on three regional classifications and includes GMM estimation analysis, which has not been widely done.

Pengaruh Pembiayaan Perbankan Syariah Berdasarkan Sektor Ekonomi Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia dengan Inflasi Sebagai Moderasi

This study aims to examine the effect of Islamic banking financing on the Environmental Quality Index with the inflation moderating variable. The Moderation Panel Data Regression Analysis was used in this study with samples from 33 provinces in Indonesia in 2010-2019 using non-probability sampling. The fixed effect model was chosen as the best model, using the inflation moderating variable shows that the mining and quarrying sector; the transportation, warehousing and communication sectors have a negative relationship, meaning that inflation can be a moderating variable. As for the manufacturing sector; electricity, gas, air sector; development sector; the trade, restaurant and hotel sectors have a negative and insignificant relationship and the agriculture, fishery and forestry sectors have a positive and insignificant relationship, inflation is also not moderate because high or low inflation doesn’t give effect on high financing that sectors, the focus of Islamic banking is on the real sector that drives energy consumption. Therefore, this research can serve as input for the Islamic Financial Institutions in prioritizing several environmentally friendly sectors to support Indonesia's green taxonomy, namely the service sector, the construction sector, the electricity, air and gas sector, the mining sector which have a positive but insignificant relationship because the market share of Islamic banking is still small compared to conventional banking.

Spatial Heterogeneity and Formation Mechanism of Eco-Environmental Quality in the Yellow River Basin

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) serves as a crucial ecological security barrier in China, and the scientific evaluation and understanding of the formation mechanisms of ecological environment quality (EEQ) in the YRB are of great importance for implementing dynamic regional ecosystem planning and protection. Therefore, this study aims to explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and formation mechanisms of the EEQ in the YRB from 2000 to 2020, based on land use remote sensing monitoring data, utilizing research methods such as the ecological environment quality index, centroid analysis, and the geographic detector. The results are as follows: From 2000 to 2020, the overall EEQ in the YRB showed a slight increasing trend, with a significant growth trend in the upstream and middle reaches, and a decreasing trend in the downstream. The spatial heterogeneity of the EEQ in the YRB was significant, with a south—high and north—low distribution pattern overall. During the study period, the spatial distribution pattern of the EEQ was relatively stable, with a notable increase in EEQ in the northwest of the YRB. The EEQ in the study area was jointly affected by natural and socio-economic factors, with precipitation, terrain fluctuation, and temperature being the dominant factors. The upstream EEQ was most affected by temperature, the EEQ of the middle reaches was most affected by precipitation, and the downstream EEQ was more vulnerable to the interference of slope and topographic relief. The influencing factors had a synergistic effect on the EEQ, and the explanatory power of socio-economic factors for a single-factor explanation of the EEQ was relatively low, but the explanatory power of the interaction between natural and socio-economic factors was significantly enhanced. These results can provide valuable insights for guiding and informing policy-making decisions related to ecological protection in the YRB.

Checklist of freshwater periphytic diatoms in the midstream of Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Masithah ED, Islamy RA. 2023. Checklist of freshwater periphytic diatoms in the midstream of Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3269-3281. Periphytic diatoms are a group of microalgae that live attached to the surface of the substrate such as rocks, aquatic plants, or other objects in the water. This group has potential as an indicator of environmental quality of water because its existence is influenced by water quality, such as nutrient levels and pollution levels. They are also useful in describing the ecological state, performances, and sustainability of ecosystems because of their ability to measure various environmental parameters and correlate them with diversity, evenness, and richness. This study provides a checklist of freshwater periphytic diatoms in the midstream of Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia. The sampling and identification according to published methods were carried out at the Laboratory of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. This study was undertaken once a week in a month (May 2022) between 9 a.m. and 1 p.m. (GMT + 7). Determination of sampling sites based on differences in land use. Sampling site 1 is located at the Kedungkandang Dam, sampling site 2 is located at the Waterfall Amprong tourist area, sampling site 3 is located at the river branch below the Kedungkandang bridge, and sampling site 4 is located in a residential and agricultural area. The total abundance of freshwater periphytic diatom ranges from 938,905 Ind/mm2 - 1,597,758 Ind/mm2. The lowest total abundance is at station 1 with a value of 938,905 Ind/mm2 and consists of 17 genera. The highest total abundance is at station 4 with a value of 1,597,758 Ind/mm2 and consists of 17 genera. In this study, 27 genera were found spread across 3 phylum.

Spatiotemporal changes of ecological environment quality and climate drivers in Zoige Plateau.

Ecological environment is the essential material basis of human survival and connects regional economy with socially sustainable development. However, climate changes characterized by global climate warming have caused a series of ecological environmental problems in recent years. Few studies have discussed various climate factors affecting the ecological environment, and the spatial non-stationary effects of different climate factors on the ecological environment are still unclear. Dynamically monitoring ecological environment changes in fragile areas and identifying its climate-driving mechanism are essential for ecological protection and environmental repair. Taking Zoige Plateau as a case, this paper simulated the eco-environmental quality during 1987-2020 using remote sensing data, utilized Geodetector method to identify the contributions of various climate drivers to ecological environment quality, and then adopted the Geographically Weighted Regression model to explore the spatial non-stationary impacts of climate factors on ecological environment quality. The results showed that the ecological quality in the middle regions of the Zoige Plateau was slightly better than in the surrounding marginal areas. For the whole area of Zoige Plateau, the average ecological environment quality index was 54.92, 53.99, 56.17, 57.88, 63.44, 56.93, 59.43, and 59.76 in 1987, 1992, 1997, 2001, 2006, 2013, 2016 and 2020, respectively, which indicated that eco-environmental quality witnessed several fluctuations during the study period but showed a generally increasing trend. Among five climate factors, the temperature was the dominant climate factor affecting the ecological environment quality(q value: 0.11-0.19), sunshine duration (0.03-0.17), wind speed (0.03-0.11), and precipitation (0.03-0.08) were the main climate drivers, while the explanatory power of relative humidity to ecological environment quality was relatively small. Such various climate factors impacting the ecological environment quality demonstrated distinct spatial non-stationary and the range of driving impact varied with time. Temperature, sunshine duration, wind speed, and relative humidity promoted ecological environment quality in most regions (regression coefficients > 0), while precipitation mainly had a negative inhibitory impact (regression coefficients < 0). Meanwhile, the greater impacts of these five climate factors were concentrated in high-elevation regions of the south and west or the northern areas. The appropriate enhancement of climate warming and air humidity was beneficial to the improvement of the ecological environment, but the excessive precipitation would result in landslides and exhibit inhibition of vegetation growth. Therefore, selecting cold-tolerant herbs and shrubs, and strengthening climate monitoring and early warning systems (such as drought and excessive precipitation) are essential for ecological restoration.

Development of a methodological approach for determination of environmental risks of water bodies pollution across industrially developed territories (as exemplified by the rivers of City of Kharkiv)

The study’s relevance consists in the need to determine the prospects for achieving a good environmental condition of Ukrainian water bodies in accordance with the Water Framework Directive of the European Union on establishing the framework of the Community's activities in the field of water policies. The question on ability to achieve the set goals is related to assessment of the environmental risks of surface water pollution by chemical substances. The purpose of the research is to develop new approaches to identification of the risks of surface rivers' water pollution across industrially developed territories. The study was carried out using the data of hydrochemical observations of the Lopan and the Kharkiv rivers. The rivers are located inside City of Kharkiv and exposed to pollution both by industrial discharges and municipal wastes. The work is based on application of a probabilistic approach aimed at determining quantitative indicators of the environmental risks using statistical distribution of such indicators. The scientific novelty consists in offering a method to determine modified water pollution indices and pollution risk indicators specifically for biogenic substances and heavy metals. This allows evaluating the prospects of ensuring a good environmental condition despite surface water pollution from various sources. The research results in presenting a method of building a scale for qualitative and quantitative assessment of environmental risks and their consequences. It relies upon semantical match of the gradations of aquatic environment quality indicators and chemical contamination risk indicators. The study that covers the Kharkiv and the Lopan rivers showed a close relationship between environmental risk indicators and water pollution indices. The revealed dependencies made it possible to harmonize the semantic gradation of aquatic environment quality scales and risk scales. Practical application of the developed methodology implies only calculation of the modified index of pollution by heavy metals or biogenic substances based on the observation data and establishing a possible risk zone and a corresponding environmental situation according to the environmental risk scale. The proposed approaches are recommended for use when determining environmental pollution risks across industrially developed territories of different countries.

N fertilization did not raise soil greenhouse gas emissions in a reforested reclaimed-mine site over a short-term study

Bauxite mining is a human activity that can have drastic effects on the soil environment, altering its physical, chemical, and biological properties. To improve water and nutrient retention, microbiological activity, and environmental service, it is essential to recover and maintain soil organic carbon stocks. Reforesting reclaimed mine sites and fertilization are two strategies that can be used to eliminate nutrient limitation and accelerate biomass production and soil C sequestration. In this study, we investigated the secondary impacts of nitrogen (N) fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions, microbial community, and total phospholipid fatty acid analysis over a 17-day period at a reclaimed mine site in Brazil. Three forest species compositions were tested: only Eucalyptus, only Anadenanthera peregrina, and a mixture of 16 native forest species collected in fragments of Atlantic Forest. Our short-term observation did not reveal any significant effects of short-term N fertilization on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, total phospholipid fatty acid analysis, or the relative abundance of the microbial community. These initial short-term results were favorable for acceptance of the N fertilization recommendation for stimulating biomass regeneration in reclaimed mine sites because there were no negative impacts on environmental quality indexes, such as GHG fluxes. However, longer-term experiments are necessary to better understand the environmental costs and benefits of long-term N fertilization practices associated with reclaimed sites and confirm its recommendation.

The impact of the provincial minimum wage on environmental quality in indonesia

This research aims to determine the relationship between provincial minimum wages, poverty, unemployment, and income inequality to the environmental quality index (EQI). This research also aims to demonstrate if the Environmental Kuznet Curve (EKC) hypothesis is applicable in Indonesia. This research utilized secondary data collected from 33 provinces in Indonesia between 2012 and 2021. This research used panel regression with Fixed Effect Model (FEM) as the research method. The research results indicated that the provincial minimum wages and poverty positively and significantly affected the EQI. The results also demonstrated that the EKC hypothesis holds true in Indonesia, as illustrated by the significance of the GRDP per capita and GRDP per capita squared. Meanwhile, this research showed that unemployment and income inequality did not significantly impact the environmental quality index. This study offered a new analysis on the impact of provincial minimum wage on EQI in Indonesia. Therefore, this study has contributed to the additional information to the body of knowledge. The government needs to strive for an increase in the development and use of environmentally friendly products, as well as optimization of environmental protection programs. In addition, government needs to increase the provincial minimum wage according to limits set to improve environmental quality. The limited variables and research methods used are expected that further research can complement this study.

Implementation of Criminal Law to Determine Persons of Environmental Pollution and/or Destruction in Court

Pollution and/or environmental damage continues to occur and according to the Environmental Quality Index (IKLH) the environment in Indonesia is increasingly damaged and many parties are harmed both humans and the environment itself but an effective settlement of environmental cases has not been found. Thus it is necessary to think about being able to resolve environmental issues that are effective and consideratejusticethe environment itself. A good and healthy living environment should be realized. This desire can be realized by applying appropriate laws that can deter perpetrators of environmental pollution and/or destruction. The purpose of this research is; to analyze and explain the effective resolution of environmental cases that takes into account the environment itself and the application of criminal law that can deter perpetrators of environmental pollution and/or destruction. The research method used is normative legal research to find the law for an in-concocreto case. Criminal law instruments in the settlement of environmental cases in judicial practice, there are still obstacles in presenting evidence, it is still necessary to think about other issues that are not regulated in the law, especially the formulation of environmental offenses. The use of criminal law instruments is more effective because prosecutors have wider powers of coercion, for example detention, search, and faster execution. Criminal law instruments not only deter people who violate them but are also aimed at other people so they do not commit acts that violate the law if they do not want to be subject to criminal sanctions.

Association between the Environmental Quality Index and Textbook Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Surgery for Early-Stage Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

BackgroundAccess to high-quality cancer care is affected by environmental exposures and structural inequities. This study sought to investigate the association between the environmental quality index (EQI) and achievement of textbook outcomes (TO) among Medicare beneficiaries over the age of 65 who underwent surgical resection for early-stage pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). MethodsPatients diagnosed with early-stage PDAC from 2004 to 2015 were identified using the SEER-Medicare database and combined with the US Environmental Protection Agency’s EQI data. High EQI category indicated poor environmental quality, whereas low EQI indicated better environmental conditions. ResultsA total of 5,310 patients were included, of which 45.0% (n = 2,387) patients achieved TO. Median age was 73 years and more than half were female (n = 2,807, 52.9%), married (n = 3,280, 61.8%), and resided in the Western region of the US (n = 2,712, 51.1%). On multivariable analysis, patients residing in moderate and high EQI counties were less likely to achieve a TO (referent: low EQI; moderate EQI: OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.95; high EQI: OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45–0.94; p < 0.05). Increasing age (OR 0.98, 95%CI 0.97–0.99), racial minorities (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.63–0.85), having a Charlson co-morbidity index > 2 (OR 0.54, 95%CI 0.47–0.61) and stage II disease (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.71–0.96) were also associated with not achieving a TO (all p < 0.001). ConclusionOlder Medicare patients residing in moderate or high EQI counties were less likely to achieve an “optimal” TO after surgery. These results demonstrate that environmental factors may drive post-operative outcomes among patients with PDAC.

Development of indoor work environmental air quality index for a dyeing and printing industry

Introduction: Due to various components, materials, and processes, industrial indoor air quality differs from building indoor air. Air quality and the working environment impact health, performance, and comfort. This study developed an Indoor Work Environmental Air Quality Index (IWEAQI) to assess and characterize industrial work environments.&#x0D; Materials and methods: Surat “Textile city” is situated in the western part of India in Gujarat state. The small-scale dyeing and printing industry has been selected as a study area. The industry locations like Jet dyeing machine area, stenter machine area, printing machine area, looping machine area and washing basin area has been selected. Various chemicals, adhesives, solvents, dyes, and varied temperature and humidity conditions are used to transform the raw cloth into the finished product. CO, CO2, SO2, NO2, O3, Total Volatile Organic compounds (TVOC), Formaldehyde, Particulate Matters (PM10, PM2.5), WBGT index, humidity, noise, and light were considered to construct IWEAQI. Continuous observations were recorded at minute intervals with a real-time monitoring system. To account for all contributing aspects, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) air quality index technique was updated for index formulation. IWEAQI was validated using the Pollution Index approach.&#x0D; Results: The proposed approach calculated IWEAQI from results. Both approaches gave an index value of 46-80. The developed approach and pollution index method were compared using regression analysis. All study locations had regression values between 0.93 and 0.99.&#x0D; Conclusion: The technique classifies IWEAQI as excellent (0-20), good (21-40), moderate (41-60), poor (61-80), and very poor (81-100). From the developed index value, which parameters are influencing the most can be judged.&#x0D; &#x0D;

The Potential Of Mollusca Communities In Seagrass Ecosystems On Buntal Island Waters West Seram Regency, Maluku Province

Molluscs, especially bivalves and gastropods, make an important contribution to the formation of food chains in seagrass ecosystems. In addition, bivalves and gastropods are often used as biological indicators of aquatic environmental quality in seagrass ecosystems. The close relationship between seagrass beds, bivalves and gastropods can be seen in the expanse of seagrass ecosystems found on Buntal Island which is located in Kotania Bay, West Seram Regency. The potential of bivalves and gastropods, such as the diversity and community structure found in Buntal Island waters, is very important to study because the information is limited. This study aims to determine the diversity of bivalves and gastropods in the seagrass ecosystem of Buntal Island and to determine the community structure of bivalves and gastropods which include; density and relative density, abundance and relative abundance, and frequency of presence and relative frequency of presence. The research method used is quantitative. The results of the analysis of the potential of molluscs showed that the diversity of the composition of mollusc taxa found in seagrass ecosystems on Buntal Island was divided into 2 classes, 25 families, 37 genera, 52 species with a total of 3291 individuals. The mollusc with the highest score in terms of density, abundance, and frequency of presence belonged to Nassarius globossus.

Gyttja as a Soil Conditioner: Changes in Some Properties of Agricultural Soils Formed on Different Parent Materials

Organic matter is essential in improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils. Thus, the organic matter is widely considered a crucial indicator of environmental quality and biodiversity. In this study, the effect of gyttja addition as a soil conditioner on some physical and chemical properties of soils formed on volcanic and serpentine parent materials was investigated. The layout of the incubation study was randomized plots with 3 replications and the study lasted for 8 months to determine the value of gyttja in improving soil quality in two different parent materials. The results showed that pH, EC, total CaCO3, soil organic matter (SOM), wet aggregate stability (WSA), structural stability index (SSI), Ca-ex, Mg-ex, Fe-ex and P-av values of volcanic soils were significantly increased with increasing gyttja addition rates, while dispersion ratio (DR), Cu-ex and Cd-ex values were decreased. Likewise, pH, total CaCO3, SOM, WSA, SSI, Ca-ex and P-av values of serpentine soils were increased with increasing gyttja rates, while DR, Mg-ex, Fe-ex, Cd-ex, Ni-ex, Mn-ex, Cu-ex and Zn-ex values were decreased. The changes in the values of soil properties were statistically significant. The results demonstrated that gyttja addition overall decreased the erosion susceptibility and heavy metal contents of serpentine and volcanic soils. Moreover, the gyttja addition ameliorated some of the chemical soil properties. Therefore, gyttja could be suggested as a soil conditioner in the remediation of problematic soils.