Indicators Of Environmental Quality Research Articles

Research on habitat quality assessment and decision-making based on Semi-supervised Ensemble Learning method—Daxia River Basin, China

Habitat quality is an indicator of the ecological evolution of a region, and evaluating habitat quality utilizing Machine Learning approaches can reflect the ecological status of a region more objectively. Gridded statistical ecological factors in the study region were utilized to build the Ecological Information State Layer (EISL) in the grid space. Calculate the Environmental Quality Index (EQI) of the sampled grid to evaluate the performance index of the models on the sampled grid. The model with the optimal performance index is selected for the task of habitat quality classification in the research region, and then especially decision-making advice is offered by inverting the degree of influence of ecological elements on habitat quality. The results show that: (1) The Semi-supervised Ensemble Learning model (Tri-training) Accuracy, Kappa coefficient, and F1-score are 0.93, 0.89, and 0.92, respectively, as the optimal model for the habitat quality classification task. (2) Based on the results of the ecological categories calculation, the current ecosystem quality of the southwestern section of the Daxia River Basin is maintained as a positive indicator. the ecosystem quality inside the living space centered on the cities of Linxia and Hezuo shows negative indicator changes. (3) The calculation results of the inverse importance of ecological factors show that vegetation index and human population density are the key factors impacting the habitat quality of the Daxia River Basin. In the ecological management of Daxia River Basin, the degree of spatial aggregation of people's settlements should be reduced while preserving and expanding vegetation cover. Using Tri-training's comprehensive analysis of multiple ecological factors, regional habitat quality can be accurately assessed.

The Effect of Environmental Tax - Spending Mix on Province Air Quality

The provincial government in Indonesia has been mandated to collect environmental-related taxes in recurrent vehicle taxes, vehicle transfer taxes, and gasoline taxes. These vehicle-related taxes have been the dominant type for the provincial government. Yet, the environment-related spending has been relatively low, within 1-3% of total expenditures. This study examines to what extent such environmental tax–spending mix affects the environmental outcomes measured by the air quality index. The novelty of this study comes in using detailed environmental-related tax revenues at the sub-national level and providing a context of the large developing country in a decentralized economy – Indonesia – as a case study. Our study finds the link between environmental tax in the case of the vehicle recurrent tax and gasoline tax in improving air quality and environmental quality index, respectively. But on the spending side, there is no evidence that provincial environmental spending may improve the air or environmental quality index. Nonetheless, we found a correlation between the vehicle transfer tax revenues and the share of province environmental spending, implying that environmental tax revenues, to some extent, correspond to the related provincial expenditures on environmental protection. This study signals the need also to expand environmental spending to complement existing environmental tax policy at the provincial level.JEL Classification: H71, H76, Q53How to Cite:Qibthiyyah, R. M., & Zen, F. (2023). The Effect of Environmental Tax Spending Mix on Province Air Quality Index. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(2), 221-230. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i2.32395.

An environment monitoring system for a rice production model adaptive to climate change in the Mekong Delta of Viet Nam

This article presents an environment monitoring model for agricultural production applied to farmers in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam. The proposed model's special feature is a system combining techniques such as IoT, agent-based, sensor networks, and data warehouses. Successfully deploying the model in monitoring the water level, and the environmental factors of the rice soil such as NPK, pH, EC, temperature, and soil moisture not only aids managers and farmers monitor environmental quality indicators in real time, but also experts to analyze data, give warnings and appropriate response solutions in agricultural production according to the pivot strategy towards Agriculture 4.0 proposed by the Minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Viet Nam.

Assessing the toxicity of aegerolysin-based bioinsecticidal complexes using the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as model organism

The use of alternative solutions for pest management to replace pesticides in agriculture is of great interest. Proteinaceous complexes deriving from edible oyster mushrooms were recently proposed as environmentally friendly bioinsecticides. Such complexes, composed of ostreolysin A6 (OlyA6) and pleurotolysin B (PlyB), target invertebrate-specific membrane sphingolipids in insect's midgut, causing death through the formation of transmembrane pores. In this work, the potential impact of OlyA6/PlyB complexes was tested in the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, as an indicator of environmental quality. The ability of the fluorescently tagged OlyA6 to bind sea urchin gametes (sperm, eggs), the lipidome of sea urchin gametes, and the potential toxic effects and developmental anomalies caused by OlyA6/PlyB complexes on P. lividus early development (embryo, larvae) were investigated. The binding of the fluorescently tagged OlyA6 could be observed only in sea urchin eggs, which harbor OlyA6 sphingolipid membrane receptors, conversely to sperm. High protein concentrations affected sea urchin fertilization (>750 µg/L) and early development (> 375 µg/L in embryos; >100 µg/L in larvae), by causing toxicity and morphological anomalies in embryos and larvae. The main anomalies consisted in delayed embryos and incorrect migration of the primary mesenchyme cells that caused larval skeletal anomalies. The classification of these anomalies indicated a slight environmental impact of OlyA6/PlyB complexes at concentrations higher than 750 µg/L. Such impact should not persist in the marine environment, due to the reversible anomalies observed in sea urchin embryos and larvae that may promote defense strategies. However, before promoting the use of OlyA6/PlyB complexes as bio-pesticides at low concentrations, further studies on other marine coastal species are needed.

Long-term effects on water chemistry and macroinvertebrates of selective thinning along small boreal forest streams

The maintenance of narrow strips of trees (forest buffers) along the shorelines of surface water bodies during logging is a common measure to protect freshwater habitats. The functionality of forest buffers may be improved by actively managing the streamside forest early in the rotation for their eventual function as buffers, including by increasing the proportion of broadleaf trees in spruce-dominated stands. In this study, long-term effects of different selective thinning regimes along two small forest streams were investigated in south-central Sweden. In a young coniferous forest, a c. 10 m-wide band along the streams was selectively thinned in 1998 to create a band with purely broadleaf trees along one of the streams and purely conifers along the other. Forest stand characteristics, water chemistry and benthic macroinvertebrates data were collected during 1996–2003 (before and after selective thinning). The streams were re-investigated 20–22 years after thinning, together with three streams representing operational forest management. The forest adjacent to all five streams was inventoried and litterfall, stream water chemistry, and benthic macroinvertebrates composition were monitored between spring and late autumn during 2018–2020. Twenty years after thinning, the thinned bands beside the streams were still dominated by either broadleaf trees or conifers, depending on the stream. Over the longer term, the differences in water chemistry between the streams with selective thinning were mainly related to lower pH, ANC, Tot-P and Tot-N concentrations in the stream bordered by mainly broadleaf trees. Analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates was based on environmental quality indices (ASPT and EPT), diversity and abundance metrics, and relative abundances of functional feeding groups. Streams with higher broadleaf litter inputs tended to score better on the ASPT and EPT indices than those with lower broadleaf inputs, as well as supporting higher relative abundances of one or more groups of invertebrate detritivores (leaf shredders, collector-gatherers and/or passive filter feeders). This suggests that management of the density of broadleaf trees beside these streams might support higher ecological status and will support a greater proportion of detritivores in benthic food webs.

The Impact of Sustainability Reporting on Financial Performance: Evidence from Turkish FBT and TCL Sectors

This study investigated the impact of sustainability reporting on financial performance, with a focus on companies in the Turkish food, beverage and tobacco and textile, wearing apparel and leather sectors. The sustainability reports of 48 companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange for 2022 were studied, and the quality of sustainability practices was determined by using a general index (Sustainability Reporting Disclosure Quality Index (SRDQI)) and three partial indices (Environmental Disclosure Quality Index, Social Disclosure Quality Index, and Corporate Governance Disclosure Quality Index (CGDQI)). To analyze the relationships between financial performance and sustainability practices, two types of regression models were developed, based on which eight models were directly examined. The results indicate the complete absence of a statistically significant impact of SRDQI on all financial performance measures used. Among the partial indices, only CGDQI has a significant positive effect on the Assets Turnover Ratio. An analysis of the influence of control variables shows a multidirectional dependence of individual financial performance measures on the size of companies, their age, industry affiliation, as well as on the structure of capital used. Finally, this study provides directions for improving the institutional environment of sustainability reporting for Turkish companies.

Taxonomic Contributions on Macrogynoplax Enderlein and Enderleina Jewett (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Brazil, Including a New Species Supported by Molecular and Morphological Data.

Stoneflies (Plecoptera) are aquatic insects widely used in ecological and monitoring studies as indicators of environmental quality due to their high sensitivity to pollution. Among Brazilian Plecoptera, Perlidae is the most diverse family, with four genera (Anacroneuria Klapálek 1909, Enderleina Jewett 1960, Kempnyia Klapálek 1914, and Macrogynoplax Enderlein 1909) and about 150 species. Herein, based on data from the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and morphological characters, we studied specimens of Enderleina and Macrogynoplax, mainly from the Brazilian Savanna. Our alignment with a total length of 608 base pairs included 23 COI sequences, of which 10 are new and 13 were obtained from GenBank. The sequences and congruence of the obtained species clusters were analyzed using neighbor joining. As a result, we describe a new species of Enderleina, the first of this genus in the Brazilian Savanna, and update the geographic distribution of some Macrogynoplax species. A new record was included for Macrogynoplax veneranda Froehlich 1984 in São Paulo state and the first record of M. yupanqui Stark 1996 in Brazil was also included. First records were made for Macrogynoplax matogrossensis Bispo and Neves 2005 and a Macrogynoplax specimen in Goiás and Bahia states, respectively. Consequently, we expanded the distribution of the genus in the Brazilian Savanna and Atlantic Forest. In addition, we provide observations on the morphological differences found among these species, discuss about the distribution of the genera, present molecular data discussing their contributions to the knowledge of the genus, and comment on the recommendations for future research considering a scenario of integrative approaches. Lastly, we present a key to identify the adult males of Enderleina.

PENGARUH KINERJA PEREKONOMIAN TERHADAP KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of economic performance which consists of growth in per capita income, Human Development Index, Public Consumption Expenditure, and Poverty Level on Environmental Quality in Indonesia (EQI). This study focuses on 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2016 to 2020 using the panel data analysis method. Data was obtained from the Statistics Processing Agency (BPS) and Bank Indonesia (BI). The regression results show that economic growth, public consumption spending, and the poverty rate do not affect the environmental quality index and only the Human Development Index which has a positive effect on environmental quality, especially from the high education component forming a society that is intellectually educated and has a lifestyle that is influential in terms of consumption of environmentally friendly products.

Fiscal Decentralization and Green Development Efficiency: Evidence From the New Capital “Nusantara” Buffer Zone

This paper aims to analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization on green development efficiency. This paper uses efficiency analysis: Slack Based Model to measure an efficiency score and dynamic panel regression: Generalized Method of Moments to maintain a correlation between fiscal decentralization and efficiency score. This study uses the environmental quality index and regional budget expenditure as analytical fiscal variables. The results show that the original regional income positively affects the efficiency of green development. Meanwhile, provincial spending and population have negatively affected green development efficiency. The influence is due to behavior where in the short term, the region that has just been built will have an impact on reducing the efficiency level, then gradually increasing efficiency driven by the presence of local indigenous income. The uncited form of spending from local governments sometimes only focuses on the orientation of economic growth and physical achievement to slightly ignore the environmental aspect.

Sustainable development perspective of linking natural resources and human capital development: An overview of resources utilization

Human capital is a substantial indicator of economic expansion, natural resources, and environmental quality. Still, the current literature lacks the empirical influence of natural resources on human capital from the sustainable development perspective. This study tends to examine the impact of coal, mineral, and oil rents on human capital while considering the importance of economic growth and globalization. This study examined the lengthy period from 1973 to 2021 in the case of China due to the higher population and skilled workers. Using the time series cointegration approach, the study validates the significant long-run connection between the variables. This study utilizes various parametric and non-parametric approaches and explores how coal and oil rents encourage human capital development while mineral rents reduce it. In contrast, increased economic growth and globalization significantly encourage the region’s human capital development. The stability and robustness of the results are validated by a number of statistical tests. This study suggests further investment in education, research, and development and encourages awareness sessions to improve human capital.

A TWO-STEP CLUSTER FOR CLASSIFYING PROVINCES IN INDONESIA BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

The main objective of this study was to conduct a cluster analysis of the environmental health index in Indonesia for all the provinces. Clustering the environmental health index was important to reveal regional disparities, target and intervention policies, monitor progress over time, and allocate resources more effectively for improved environmental health outcomes. In this study, a sample of 34 units was utilized, encompassing all provinces in Indonesia. The environmental health index was clustered based on five indicators, namely Water Quality Index, Air Quality Index, Soil Quality Index, Marine Quality Index, and Land Cover Quality Index. This research used the two-stage clustering method, which was unique in combining both hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering methods to produce a more accurate and reliable solution. Four clusters were determined to group provinces in Indonesia based on the environmental health index. The analysis found that the quality of clustering was in the fair but close to good category. The clustering results showed that 32% of the provinces were in cluster 4 and 26.5% of the provinces were in cluster 1. Then, 23.5% and 17.6% of the provinces were in clusters 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, two indicators were found to be the most predictive of the overall clustering solution, namely the Soil Quality Index and the Land Cover Quality Index. The results also implied that provinces in cluster 3 had the lowest environmental quality so they must improve it by looking at provinces in cluster 4, which was the group with the best environmental quality index.

Trends in Ambient Air Quality (NO2 and SO2) in Tenggarong City, Kutai Kartanegara District. East Kalimantan

This research aims to determine the concentration of ambient air quality NO2 and SO2, determine the trend in ambient air quality NO2 and SO2, and determine the Air Quality Value index for Tenggarong City, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. The data collection method was using the 18-SPEKTRO-33/MU/SMM-AAS (Passive Sampler Spectrophotometry) method, then analyzed using environmental quality standards, government regulation number 22 of 2021. The research results show that the quality concentration of NO2 gas in Jam Bentong is between (5.23-19.85) µg/m3 and SO2 is between (3.75-38.55) µg/m3, in the Industrial Area NO2 is between (5.54-10.20) µg/m3 and SO2 is between (4.28 -10.41) µg/m3, while in residential locations NO2 is between (2.49-7.98) µg/m3 and SO2 is between (<2.57-10.60) µg/m3. The tendency for ambient air quality NO2 and SO2 at the Jam Bentong location to fluctuate is inconsistent, while the Industrial Location is almost the same as the Residential Location, namely with uniform quality, but all quality concentrations are still below environmental quality standards. The Environmental Quality Index value at the Jam Bentong location is 79,618, this value is included in good environmental conditions. Meanwhile, in industrial locations it is 90,043, this value is included in superior environmental conditions. Meanwhile, in residential locations, the Environmental Quality Index value is 93,429, this value also falls into superior environmental conditions.

Is gastroschisis associated with county-level socio-environmental quality during pregnancy?

Gastroschisis prevalence more than doubled between 1995 and 2012. While there are individual-level risk factors (e.g., young maternal age, low body mass index), the impact of environmental exposures is not well understood. We used the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Quality Index (EQI) as a county-level estimate of cumulative environmental exposures for five domains (air, water, land, sociodemographic, and built) and overall from 2006 to 2010. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated from logistic regression models between EQI tertiles (better environmental quality (reference); mid; poorer) and gastroschisis in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study from births delivered between 2006 and 2011. Our analysis included 594 cases with gastroschisis and 4105 infants without a birth defect (controls). Overall EQI was modestly associated with gastroschisis (aOR [95% CI]: 1.29 [0.98, 1.71]) for maternal residence in counties with poorer environmental quality, compared to the reference (better environmental quality). Within domain-specific indices, only the sociodemographic domain (aOR: 1.51 [0.99, 2.29]) was modestly associated with gastroschisis, when comparing poorer to better environmental quality. Future work could elucidate pathway(s) by which components of the sociodemographic domain or possibly related psychosocial factors like chronic stress potentially contribute to risk of gastroschisis.

Seeds of Syringa vulgaris L. as a possible object for phytoindication studies of urban environment in Orenburg

Urbanized environment is considered as a stressor for individual plants and their communities that form green frame of the city. Changes in structure of plant populations in cities are analyzed as an important indicator of environmental quality. Therefore, phytoindication of quality of the environment in conditions of the city is currently becoming relevant in the context of its optimization. The purpose of the research was to study biometric parameters and seed germination of Syringa vulgaris L., growing in areas with increased anthropogenic pressure in comparison with a conditionally clean area. Within the framework of this work, morphometric parameters of lilac seeds growing in areas with a high level of anthropogenic pollution were described. Indicators of reproductive ability of lilacs (laboratory and soil germination) were assessed. According to the results of the observations, it was established that the biometric parameters of S. vulgaris seeds are not indicative and cannot be used in assessing the quality of the environment. The data obtained during laboratory and soil germination of S. vulgaris seeds can be used to characterize the ecological state of sampling areas. Under more favorable environmental conditions (control), germination is much higher than under anthropogenically modified environmental conditions. Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment of laboratory and soil germination, the following distribution of the administrative districts of Orenburg was established according to the degree of anthropogenic pollution (from the most clean to the most environmentally unstable): Zauralnaya Grove Industrial District Dzerzhinsky District Leninsky District Central District.

Political Communication Realization of Sragen Regent in the 2nd Period of the Second Year (2020/2022)

This research focuses on the realization of political communication delivered by the Sragen Regent during the campaign at the 2020 Sragen regent election democratic party. Political communication is basically political messages containing the Regent's vision and mission, political communication is a political promise demanded by the community to be realized by the Regent of Sragen. The realization of the Regent's vision and mission is outlined in the main performance indicators of Sragen Regency. The realization of the Sragen Regent's political communication is important to continue to be monitored by the community so that the benefits can be felt by the people of Sragen Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection methods are interviews and documentation. Data types are primary and secondary data, to analyze data using interactive models. The results of this research are the realization of the Sragen Regent's political communication for the second period of the second year 2022, namely: 1. Human Development Index (expected length of school, average length of school, life expectancy, gender development index, predicate of child-friendly district) target 74.25 % realization 74.65% achievement level 100.54 % 2. Bureaucratic Reform Index (Regency performance accountability predicate, community satisfaction index, level of regional financial independence, SPBE index) target 60.59% realization 60.36 achievement level 99.62%. 3. Growth (per capita income, realized value of capital investment, score on food expectations) target 4.29% realization 5.76% achievement level 134.27%. 4. Poverty rate (reducing poverty rate) target 12.28%, realization 12.94%, achievement level 94.63%. 5. Open unemployment rate (labor force participation rate) target of 4.37%, realization of 4.69%, achievement rate of 92.68%. 6. Environmentally Friendly Infrastructure Index (infrastruktus index. Environmental quality index) target 72.49% realization 73.80% achievement level 101.81%.

Does financial development moderate the link between technological innovation and environmental indicators? An advanced panel analysis

This study analyzes the role of financial development (FD) on the impact of technological innovation (TI) on six environmental quality indicators for the 25 economies that are part of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development for the period from 2000 to 2019. We use a two-step dynamic generalized method of moments approach to understand this relationship. The results show that FD augments the positive effects of TI on four of the six environmental indicators, namely ecological footprint, adjusted net savings, pressure on nature, and environmental performance. However, no significant effects on environmental sustainability and environmental vulnerability indices were found. When considering all of the environmental quality indicators, TI appears to enhance environmental quality. We find evidence to support the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve in the context of each environmental indicator and economic growth. Moreover, FD and energy consumption appear to accelerate environmental degradation. Based on these results, FD should be viewed as an important parameter in designing policies for innovation to achieve the goal of net-zero carbon emissions.

Water Quality Index Assessment of River Ganga at Haridwar Stretch Using Multivariate Statistical Technique.

The Ganges (Ganga) river contributes significant water resources for the ecology and economy, but it frequently encounters severe deterioration due to cumulative impact from upstream natural and anthropogenic variables. Knowledge and understanding ofthe dynamic behavior of such networks remain a significant challenge, particularly in the context of rising environmental pressures, such as climate change and industrialization, as well as constraints in both process and data understanding across geographies. An interdisciplinary approach is required to be developed to investigate the hydrogeochemical dynamics and anthropogenic sources influencing water quality in major river systems. The present study has been carried out to evaluate the characterization of river water quality in terms of the physico-chemical & bacteriological parameters. Also, the development of a water quality index (WQI) for Domestic (drinking) and Spiritual (bathing) usage is a part of the study. The water quality index has been developed using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environmental Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). The river's water quality index score in the present study lies in the range of 38.32 to 79.82, indicating the quality of water from fair to poor for drinking purposes. The highest water quality index value of 79.82 has been observed at Guru Kashnik Ghat, while the lowest WQI value of 38.32 has been observed at Har ki Pauri for drinking purposes. However, the water quality score for bathing purposes ranged from 71.04 to 91.22 thus signifying the quality of the water from fair to good for bathing purposes. The highest water quality index value of 91.22 has been assessed at Guru Kashnik Ghat, while the lowest WQI value of 71.04 has been assessed at Bhimgoda Barrage. The developed water indices assessment in the present study will be beneficial for society to provide a benchmark for the control of water pollution in River Ganga. These findings will support policymakers and stakeholders in addressing water quality issues in a more efficient and effective manner. The study also emphasizesthe requirement for ongoing water quality monitoring and evaluation in order to guarantee the long-term well-being of the river and its ecosystems.

Retracted: Optimal Pricing Model of Environmental Quality Index Futures from the Perspective of Green Finance

Retracted: Optimal Pricing Model of Environmental Quality Index Futures from the Perspective of Green Finance

Tourism development and material footprint: a disaggregate analysis of top ten tourist destination countries

ABSTRACT This empirical work analyzes the impact of tourism arrivals, tourist receipts, tourist expenditure, active population, and population density on environmental quality. Unlike previous studies, this study employed a consumption-based indicator of environmental quality, which is the material footprint. Given the significance of major tourist destination countries, a sample of the top ten tourist destinations has been selected for the analysis over the period 1995–2018. The study applies econometric tools that consider the issues of cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. The findings of cointegration show a significant long-run relationship between the variables. Similarly, pooled mean group results indicate a positive impact of tourist arrivals, tourist expenditure, and active population on the material footprint, while a negative impact is observed in the case of tourist receipts and population density. The robustness of long-run results has been examined with the help of Panel corrected standard errors. Moreover, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test shows unidirectional causality from tourist arrivals and tourist receipt to the material footprint and unidirectional causality from the material footprint to tourist expenditure in the long run. According to our results, some policy implications have also been highlighted.

PENGARUH INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA TERHADAP INDEKS KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA

The human development index is an indicator used to see development progress in the long term. This study uses panel data regression from 34 provinces in Indonesia with a fixed model analysis technique to analyze the effect of economic growth and poverty on the environmental quality index in 2015-2019. The results of the study show that the human development index has a positive and significant effect on the environmental quality index in Indonesia.