Indicators Of Economic Progress Research Articles

Eskalasi Sentimen Positif Terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Melalui Optimalisasi Strategi Pemasaran

Business development is an indicator of economic progress so that in the process it experiences various kinds of changes which pressure companies to continue to adapt to business developments. The aim of this research is to examine in general the field factors that can influence the increase in positive sentiment towards consumer loyalty through various business strategies. The research methodology is direct observation and is included in the field research category, which is direct observation of the object being studied. This study contains the general population which is interpreted into three objects, namely Toko Emas A, Toko Emas B, and Toko Emas C. The research results show that indirectly Toko Emas A can be said to be superior because of its strategic location, excellent service, and good supporting facilities. can make it easier for consumers, as well as good product displays and layout so as to provide comfort to consumers. Toko Emas A implements marketing strategies well and thoroughly, which will get a positive response and can increase consumer interest in buying the products offered. The compatibility between theoretical knowledge and field implementation so that it can be used as a basis for developing marketing strategies by companies.

Cutting Down Trees Does not Build Prosperity: On the Continued Decoupling of Amazon Deforestation and Economic Development in 21st Century Brazil

Background and Aims We present evidence examining spatial and temporal patterns in forest cover changes and economic indicators in Brazilian Amazonia. Specifically, we tested two predictions embedded in arguments used by influential interest groups: (i) indicators of economic progress should increase where there is less forest and (ii) areas with most recent deforestation should have increased economic indicators. Methods Complementary methods assessed annual variation in economic indicators across 794 administrative districts (municipalities) covering 4.9 Mkm2 of the Brazilian Amazon from 2002 to 2019. A representative subset of municipalities was used to compare economic and socioeconomic indicators across municipalities with contrasting forest cover. Results Contrasting results between the full and a representative subset of municipalities suggested that municipality-level economic indicators cannot be directly attributed to the loss of natural forests. There was no association between forest loss and economic (average salary) or socioeconomic indicators (existence of sanitation plans and internet connectivity). The economic indicators of municipalities with less than 40% forest cover in 1986 were no different to that of similar municipalities with more than 60% forest cover from 1986 to 2019. Conclusion The evidence contradicted both predictions tested. Reducing forest cover does not appear to directly promote socioeconomic progress. Any localized associations between forest cover and poverty most likely result from other more plausible alternatives including lack of opportunity and a widespread failure to effectively implement and enforce existing policies within the local socioeconomic context. Implications for Conservation Our findings support evidence from across the tropics that shows deforestation does not necessarily generate transformative and equitable food production systems or lead to poverty alleviation.

REAKSI PASAR MODAL TERHADAP PENGUMUMAN KEMENANGAN PRESIDEN JOKO WIDODO BERDASARKAN KEPUTUSAN KPU PEMILU PERIODE 2019-2024 (Studi pada Perusahaan BUMN yang Terdaftar Di BEI)

The capital market is one indicator of economic progress. Events affect the formation of stock price fluctuations. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the Market Reaction to the announcement of victory, based on data on stock price movements 14 days before and after the event. This type of research is in the form of quantitative research using secondary data, returns and volume of share prices of SOE companies going public, then tested different paired samples test. The results showed that there were significant differences in Abnormal Return. That is, the market reacts to the Announcement of Victory, because stock price movements are still influenced by an information and events. Meanwhile, TVA Abnormal Indicator shows a unique result, there is no partial difference in abnormal trading activity but there is a significant difference in the combined ATVA test. Investors in SOE shares trust the value of SOE shares so that they are not easily affected by short-term information. However, in SOE stock transactions (combined TVA Abnormal Test), a fraction of the activities of panicked SOE Investor investors, as well as traders' activities, can be seen, so there are significant differences in the average Investor trading activityKeywords: Event Study, Abnormal Return, and Abnormal TVA

PEMODELAN HARGA SAHAM BLUE CHIP MENGGUNAKAN VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE (VAR)

In a stock exchange in the capital market, the most in demand by investors is stocks. Shares are securities which shows the ownership of the company, so that shareholders have the right to a dividend or other distribution of profit sharing as well as by the company to its shareholders. The capital market is an indicator of economic progress and support the economy of a country. In this decade, the stock market has experienced rapid development due to pressure from technological change, liberalization and globalization. These changes affect the behavior of the capital markets and cause long-term balance and improving the relations between the world's capital markets. Otherwise interconnected capital markets if the two separate markets have the same movement and the correlation between the movement of the index. Capital markets in the region are likely to have the same movement and the effects of contagion (contagion effect) is high (1). During the observation period, October 2015 to March 2016, there was a phenomenon in which IHSG is not always the same and has a correlation with the movement of world stock market indices. It is also supported by the differences found in the results of some previous studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between stocks bluechip : Astra International Tbk (ASII), Unilever Indonesia Tbk (UNVR), Astra Agro Lestari Tbk (AALI), Bank Rakyat Indonesia Agroniaga (AGRO) and Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI ). The analytical method used in this study is Multivariate Time Series, especially Vector Autoregression (VAR). The results of this study with the model produces the best model VAR (2), AGRO = 11.56 - 4.03*ASII(-1) - 4.40*ASII(-2) + 3.76*UNVR(-1) + 1.27*UNVR(-2) + 1.38*AALI(-1) + 2.54*AALI(-2) + 0.73*AGRO(-1) + 0.14*AGRO(-2) + 5.40*BRI(-1) - 1.34*BRI(-2). The value of AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) = 4.47 Keywords: BLUE CHIP, Stock Price, VAR.

Regional Disparity in Human Development and Govt. Sponsored Inclusive Development Programmes in India: An Interstate Analysis

The last two decades of development research was busy in making a link between ends and means of development. The focus was shifted to provide more priority to the ends of development rather than means. The neoclassical indicators of economic progress like Gross National Product and Gross Domestic Product failed to reflect the well-being and freedom actually enjoyed by population. The concept of human development defines people's well being as the end of development and economic growth as a means. Enlarging human capabilities became one of the primary objectives of most of the developing country since early 1990s. Several government programmes were launched in India for enhancing the level of human development across states specially during the decade of 2000. These programmes are mainly meant for eradicating poverty, for raising the level of employment and for making the deprived and marginalized section of the population to participate in the production process. This paper attempts to evaluate the trend and pattern of inequality in human development across states of India by formulating a human development index using Euclidean distance. The absolute β and σ convergence test of human development index indicates a sign of convergence of human development across states of India. In addition to this, the study sheds some light on the association between the process of Government sponsored inclusive development programmes and the level of human development in the context of different states of India. Empirical evidences suggest that an all-inclusive government programmes would facilitate the process of human development by addressing the basic distortions in the level of human development in the Indian economy.

Estimating and forecasting residential electricity demand in Iran

This study examines the short- and the long-run relationship between electricity demand and its determinants in the Iranian residential sector. The study employs unit root tests, cointegration and error-correction models on annual time series for the period, 1967–2009. The results show that electricity price is insignificant and income elasticity is lower than unity. The most influential factor influencing household electricity demand is cooling degree days. The number of electrified villages (an indicator of economic progress) is statistically significant, showing that economic progress has a positive impact on electricity demand. Electricity demand is forecast until 2020. The results show that under the most probable projection, electricity consumption in the residential sector will grow at an annual rate of 29% and 80% by 2014 and 2020, respectively.

The socio-economic dimension of rural development for the North-East Region of Romania

This paper is aimed at the approach of social and economic dimension of rural development at the level of the North-Eastern Romanian Region, in order to identify the main problems and perspectives of the region, offering suitable solutions for the implementation and improvement of the actual development strategy of the region. The methodology used SWOT analysis, in order to highlight the actual dimension and perspective of sustainable development for this region. Besides calculating the conventional GNP and income as the primary indicators of economic progress, the methodology used an adapted regional Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) developed by economist Herman Daly and theologian John Cobb (1994), and a new version made by the United Nations Development Programme (2010). The methodology also used the results of a research project developed in all the six counties of the region, which provided this paper scientific support. The research results indicated development of agro-tourism and non-agricultural activities as the main solutions for socio-economical problems of the region. One of the identified developing solutions was the infrastructure improvement of the region, with direct effect on increasing investments in the rural areas and the development of economical activities, based on rich cultural heritage of the region. Key words: North East Region, Romania, rural development.

KILAS BALIK EKONOMI ISLAM DI INDONESIA

The historical development of Islamic system economic in Indonesia reflects the dynamics of the aspirations and wishes of the Indonesian people themselves, to have an alternative fair economic system, in the real sector. as an alternative search process in the monetary system which is characterized by the principles of transparency, fairness, balance and ethics in creating a prosperous society materially and spiritually. The initial of this alternative search system, initiated by scientific studies about Islamic economic and financial. The result of those studies is the publication of islamic banking laws. The initial of Islamic economic system of banking began in the early 1980's, when the government issued a policy package on Banking liberalization.The scholars' at that time established an interest-free rate, bank Muamalat (Islamic banks) at the end of 1991 and operational in early 1992, but none of the legal device that can be used as a reference.This condition lasted until the year 1997, in which Indonesia was hit by the economic and moneter crisis.At that time, when conventional banks had been liquidated, , Islamic banks showed their existence and do not experience economic shocks.
 Aspiration of Indonesian people had been growing to have an Islamic financial institutions, non bank financial institutions and the banking through the application of system for a favorable outcome for the customer and the bank. Furthermore, the trial conducted by the public along with academics and practitioners to realize and practice the idea of monetary systems ranging from small-scale enterprises both bank and non bank financing are trying to apply the concept of revenue sharing.
 At this stage, the establishment of Islamic banks are seen as an indicator of economic progress is happening in Islamic economic, so almost society equate Islamic Economic with Islamic banks, or non-bank sharia financial institutions other. 
 Though the scope of Islamic economics is much broader than just a Sharia finance. It covers macroeconomic concepts, micro-economic, fiscal, monetary, and also the much concept of economic development policies and instruments with all the variables.

Communicable diseases in the South-East Asia Region of the World Health Organization: towards a more effective response.

This article looks at the current burden of communicable diseases in the South-East Asia Region of the World Health Organization and analyses whether the current levels and trends in funding are adequate to meet the needs of control, prevention and treatment. Our analysis considers the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for health and indicators of economic progress in each country, as well as the impact of the global financial crisis on progress towards MDGs for communicable diseases in the region. The analysis indicates that the current focus of funding may need to be expanded to include less-discussed but high-burden diseases often related to inadequacies in the health sector and the particular development paths that countries pursue. Scarce funding during times of global economic recession could be used more effectively if informed by a careful analysis of the complex set of factors, including behavioural, environmental and health systems factors, that determine the burden of communicable diseases. Significant gaps in funding as well as varying regional needs warrant a more diverse set of national and international aid measures. Although regional and global collaboration is critical, the effectiveness of future policies to deal with the burden of communicable diseases in the region will only be assured if these policies are based on evidence and developed by policy-makers familiar with each country's needs and priorities.

Is contemporary economic development sustainable?

Is our use of Earth's resources endangering the economic possibilities open to our descendents? There is a remarkable divergence of opinion on the question, ranging from a straightforward "yes" to a flat "no". There is also the opinion that the question misleads, in that it is so aggregative as to suggest that resource conflicts are to be found only between "us" and a sequence of future "thems", whereas, or so it is argued, large pockets of extreme poverty residing in what is otherwise an increasingly affluent world ensure that there are resource conflicts even among contemporaries. The environmental problems facing a society are a function of its demand for goods and services. Population size certainly contributes to that demand, but the average demand per person contributes to it too. Some have argued that per capita consumption in industrialized nations has reached levels that are socially very costly and irresponsible, while others have claimed that high per capita consumption is essential if prosperity is to be maintained and if poor countries are to prosper. Underlying these intellectual tensions are the conflicting intuitions that have arisen from different empirical perspectives on whether the character of contemporary economic development, both in the poor world and in industrialized countries, is sustainable. On the one hand, if we look at specific resources and services, e.g. fresh water, a wide variety of ecosystem services, and the atmosphere as a carbon sink, there is convincing evidence that continuing growth in the rates at which they are utilized is unsustainable. On the other hand, if we study historical trends in the prices of marketed resources, or the recorded growth in the conventionally measured indices of economic progress in those countries that are currently rich, resource scarcities seem not to have appeared. I make use of recent findings in economics to try to reconcile the conflicting intuitions. Such indicators of economic progress as GNP per head and the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) suggest that there has been a steady improvement in the quality of life in much of the world over the past 30 years (1). However, these measures do not reflect what matters for a society's prospects, namely, its productive base. Movements in the productive bases of countries provide a clearer picture of the character of contemporary economic development. In what follows, I offer some rough and ready figures bearing on the productive base in various regions of the world. But I cannot emphasize strongly enough that, although the theory upon which this essay is based is firm, the empirical estimates are very tentative. There is a great deal to be learned before we obtain a reliable picture of the character of contemporary economic development and the economic possibilities that will be faced by future generations.

Divisions of labour: agricultural productivity and occupational specialization in pre-industrial France

Economic historians frequently employ estimates of the share of the active population engaged in agricultural work as a statistical indicator of economic progress. They presume that in the past increases in per caput income were always associated with the displacement of labour from food production to manufacturing and the provision of services. The logic of this assumption is that in a closed economy the only way labour can be reallocated from the production of foodstuffs to that of other commodities is through a rise in agricultural labour productivity. This connection is considered to be so strictly monotonic that students of early modern and early industrial Europe have inferred the productivity of agricultural labour from estimated trends in the share of the population occupied in farming.2 This leads to the striking discovery that agricultural labour productivity in northern Europe rose steadily between the seventeenth century and the early nineteenth, which is apparently difficult to reconcile with rising food prices and falling real wages, suggesting strongly diminishing returns to agricultural labour and growing stress on the food supply in the face of accelerating population growth in the later eighteenth century.3 The apparent displacement of labour from agriculture to industry between i6oo and i8oo is even more paradoxical, bearing in mind that mechanization of agricultural operations on a massive scale was delayed until after i840, and that the agricultural innovations of the early modern period tended to be labour using rather than labour saving.4 International comparative advantage provides a possible resolution of the paradox and may in part explain the British case after I780.' But the redeployment of the labour force in non-agricultural activity before i850

Indicators of economic progress

Useful work would be a much better notion in economic analysis than employment; economic growth (of GNP) as an indication is even more problematic. More useful in assessing economic welfare would be a capital side to the national accounts, separation of costs from benefits, and a translation of aspects of welfare into concrete social objectives. Also needed is a clarification of the non-monetary economy.

The Role of the Cotton Textile Industry in the Economic Development of the American Southeast: 1900-1940

Previous studies of the textile industry in the South have generally emphasized the advantages to the industry of a southern location. In this study, the effect on the development of 207 counties in the Piedmont of heavy investment in textiles over the 1900-1940 period is considered. Since the region remained in 1940 the most underdeveloped in the nation by most indicators of economic progress, despite seven decades of rapid manufacturing growth, the role of the dominant manufacturing industry as a genuine transforming agent is questioned. Through cross-section regression analysis of the 207 counties, we saw that one of the significant factors explaining variations in levels of per capita output actually achieved in several census years over the 19001940 period was concentration in textile production.' But this does not allow us to conclude that the industry was, by that fact, a powerful engine of growth. Rather, our study of the southern textile belt has demonstrated the need for at least two important modifications of the customary analysis of the industrialization process in the underdeveloped economy characterized by surplus labor. First, even though an industry may fall into the labor-intensive category, relative to other industries, in several historical periods, significant changes in its technology over time may greatly affect its potential as an agent of development. General technological advances in the intervening periods, if adopted by the industry, may also affect its organizational pattern. We selected for special examination several interrelated features of the southern textile industry which differed sharply from Lancashire and New England textile organization when the three regions are looked at in the aggregate: average plant scale, the level and rate of vertical integration, and the pattern of geographical settlement. The fact that the cotton textile industry, relative even to other laborintensive industry, is characterized by few economies of scale, is generally pointed out as one of its chief advantages for the labor surplus economy. But the question of relative efficiency in production methods arises here. Using average plant scale as a rough indicator of efficiency in production, we find that if only technical operations involved in cloth production are taken into account, the average southern mill met the minimum scale re-