Index Of Lipid Peroxidation Research Articles

Modulation of lipid peroxidation and energy metabolism in the gastric mucosa as a mechanism ofantiulcer activity of placental cryoextract in the healing of stress-induced ulcers

Background. Peptic ulcer disease has a leading place in the overall structure of digestive diseases: its prevalence is 6.00–10.0% of the population in developed countries, and mortality ranges from 6 to 9.7 per 100 thousand population. An important etiological factor of this pathology is the neuropsychological background, primarily stress, which under repeated exposure becomes the initiating factor of physiological imbalance between the elements of aggression and protection of the gastric mucosa. The purpose was to establish the mechanisms of the protective activity of placental cryoextract based on the biochemical indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in the gastric mucosa on a model of stress-induced erosive-ulcerative damage. Materials and methods. Studies were performed on 28 nonlinear laboratory male rats weighing 200–220g. Stress-induced gastric ulcer was modeled under water-immobilization stress in rats according to the K.Y. Takagi etal. In the gastric mucosa, the content of reactants with thiobarbituric acid was determined spectrophotometrically by the method of T. Asakawa etal., catalase activity— spectrophotometrically by the method of M.A.Korolyuk etal., the content of reduced glutathione— spectrophotometrically by the method of E.D. Beutler etal., the level of adenyl nucleotides was determined using chromatographic method. Energy charge was calculated by D.E. Atkinson equation. Results.The prophylactic five-day use of placental cryoextract led to a decrease in the severity of stress-induced lipid peroxidation and energy imbalance in the gastric mucosa. Thus, it was found that rats who received placental cryoextract had a statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in adenosine triphosphate content by 73.3%, an increase in adenosine diphosphate (p<0.001) by 37.3% and a decrease in adenosine monophosphate (p<0.001) by 47.6% that led to an increase in energy charge (p<0.001) by 35.1% compared to rats exposed to water-immobilization stress without correction (control group). It was shown that the use of placental cryoextract led to a statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in the antioxidant-prooxidant index by 3.1 times versus control group, which was (26.60±0.96) and (8.60±0.43), respectively. Conclusions. Prophylactic five-day administration of placental cryoextract leads to the restoration of balance in the system of adenyl nucleotides and, accordingly, to a statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in the energy charge by 35.1% compared to the control animals. Inhibition of stress-induced hyperactivation of lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa is one of the mechanisms of its antiulcer activity.

Creatine phosphate preconditioning reduces ischemiareperfusion injury in isolated rat heart

Aim . To study the effect of simultaneous administration of creatine phosphate immediately before ischemia on cardiodynamic parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the coronary venous blood flow during retrograde perfusion in an isolated rat heart. Materials and methods . 20 Wistar albino rats were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (control) and group 2 (experimental), 10 rats per group. Cannulation and retrograde perfusion of aorta of an isolated rat heart with Krebs–Henseleit buffered solution by Landendorff was performed. Both groups underwent ischemia-reperfusion injury, which included global ischemia for 20 minutes followed by reperfusion for 30 minutes. The group 2 (experimental) was preconditioned with creatine phosphate at a dose of 0.2 mmol/l for 5 min before ischemia. We registered cardiodynamic parameters and indicators of oxidative stress at the point of stabilization, at the 1st and 30th minutes of reperfusion. Results . With the impact of creatine phosphate at the 30th minute of reperfusion in the group 2 in comparison with group 1, there was found an increase in the maximum and minimum speed of pressure elevation in the left ventricle (1.7 and 1.9 times, respectively), and of systolic and diastolic pressure in the left ventricle (1.5 and 1.6 times, respectively). Biomarkers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation index, nitrites, superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide) were also statistically significantly lower in the group 2 after the 1st minute of reperfusion (by 1.2 times, by 1.4 times, by 2.8 times and 1.9 times, respectively), and after the 30th minute (1.3 times, 2.1 times, 1.9 times and 2.1 times, respectively). Conclusion . The administration of creatine phosphate into the coronary flow 5 minutes before the onset of ischemia has a protective effect on myocardial contractility. Reduction of oxidative stress and damage can be considered as a protective effect of creatine phosphate.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF CRYOPRESERVED PLACENTA EXTRACT ON THE PROCESSES OF CYTOLYSIS AND LIPID PEROXIDATION IN CCL4-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE

Abstract. The search for new strategies for the correction of exogenous toxic liver lesions is due to the steady increase in the incidence of hepatitis and cirrhosis among the working population, which is an important medical and social problem.
 The aim is to determine the effect of cryopreserved placenta extract (CEP) on the state of the liver of rats with tetrachloromethane (CCl4)-induced damage by indicators of lipid peroxidation (LP) and markers of cytolysis.
 Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on 28 male rats. Acute CCl4-induced hepatitis was reproduced by a single injection of 50.0% CCl4 oil solution. KEP was administered 1 time per day for 5 days before the introduction of CCl4. The material for the study was whole blood and liver homogenates, in which the content of reactants with thiobarbituric acid (TBA-RP), catalase activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, alanine aminotransferase (AlAt) and aspartate aminotransferase (AsAt) activity, as well as γ-glutamyl activity were determined. γ-glutamyl transpeptidases (γ-GTP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) according to standard methods.
 Results and discussion. The study showed that the content of TBA-RP in liver homogenates was lower (p<0.01) by 35.6% in rats that were prophylactically injected with CEP compared to rats with simulated CCl4-induced hepatitis without treatment (control group). An increase in the level of catalase (p=0.02) with the use of CEP was established by 33.8% and an increase in the activity of SOD (p<0.01) by 45.5% compared to the indicators of rats in the control group. It is also shown that the level of AlAt after administration of CEP decreased (p<0.001) by 56.0%, the level of AsAt decreased (p<0.001) by 48.6%, the level of γ-HTP decreased by 37.8% compared to the rats with untreated CCl4-induced hepatitis.
 Conclusions. Prophylactic five-day administration of CEP leads to the leveling of CCl4-induced LP activation and signs of cytolysis syndrome.

Anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effect of fucoidan extract from Lessonia trabeculata in alloxan-induced diabetes rats

The objective of this research was to evaluate a nutritional strategy based on the consumption of a fucoidan extract from brown algae Lessonia trabeculata to control oxidative stress in experimental alloxan-induced insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus rats. Over 30 days, 75, 100, and 125 mg kg−1 of body weight of fucoidan doses were administered and both positive and negative control (n = 5 per group). Serum, liver, pancreas, and kidney biochemical indicators of oxidative stress improvement were evaluated. Measures included lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and antioxidant activity by assessment of free radical scavenging power and histopathological changes. The results showed an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes while reducing oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation index) in serum (p ≤ 0.05) and tissues (p ≤ 0.05). Further, no liver necrosis was observed in treated groups, unlike the Type 1 diabetes positive control group that presented mild necrosis and moderate congestion. In the pancreas, treated rats presented mild oedema, while the positive control group showed moderate oedema. A significant protective effect against oxidative stress caused by alloxan-induced diabetes was found in this model, therefore it can be concluded that fucoidan extracted from the Lessonia trabeculata algae could be considered a good functional compound for the control of oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Because diabetes is such a widespread public health issue, developing fucoidan-based products could be a natural way to improve patients' quality of life.

The Antitumor and Toxicity Effects of Ruthenium(II) Complexes on Heterotopic Murine Colon Carcinoma Model

Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the antitumor and toxicity effects of ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(Cltpy)(en)Cl][Cl] (Ru-1) and [Ru(Cl-tpy)(dach)Cl][Cl] (Ru-2) on heterotopic murine colon carcinoma model. For tumor induction, 1×106 CT26 cells suspended in 100 μl of DMEM were injected subcutaneously into flank of male BALB/c mice. Treatment groups were as follows: Ru-1, Ru-2, oxaliplatin and control (saline). The intraperitoneal administration of the tested complexes began on 6th day after CT26 cells inoculation. Each complex was administered at dose of 5 mg/kg, twice weekly, four doses in total. To assess toxicity, serum values of urea, creatinine, AST and ALT were determined and histopathological analysis of organs and tumor were performed. In order to assess the effects of Ru(II) complexes on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system, we determined the TBARS, GSH, SOD and CAT in the homogenate of tumor, heart, liver, lungs and kidney tissues. The findings indicate that Ru-1 and Ru-2 exerts equal or better antitumor activity in comparison with oxaliplatin, but with pronounced toxic effects such as reduced survival rate, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The increased index of lipid peroxidation in the tissues of the kidneys and heart, but decreased in tumor tissue, after Ru(II) complexes administration, indicates the importance of the induction of oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, but not the mechanism by which they realize antitumor activity. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of antitumor activity and toxicity of the Ru(II) complexes.

Relation Between Oxidative Stress and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Hemodyalisis Patients

Abstract Oxidative stress represents a significant risk factor for the accelerated development of atherosclerosis in a population of patients on regular hemodialysis. Oxidative stress induced by hemodialysis can be triggered with both the bioincompatibility of dialysis membrane and increased endotoxin concentration in a hemodialysis solution. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the parameters of oxidative stress, microinflammation, nutrition, secondary hyperparathyroidism and carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients on regular hemodialysis.One hundred and twenty five patients treated with standard hemodialysis and on-line hemodiafiltration with "high-flux" polysulfone dialysis membrane were examined. The following parameters of oxidative stress were measured : index of lipid peroxidation - measured as TBARS, nitric oxide in the form of nitrite - NO2-, super oxide anion radical - O2- and hydrogen peroxide - H2O2, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione activity. For statistical analysis of results, the following tests were used: the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Spirman test and the Pearson correlation test. Oxidative stress affects atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries in patients treated with regular hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between H2O2 concentration and the thickness of the carotid arteries` intima-media. High statistically significant positive correlation was found between TBARS concentration and carotid arteries intima-media thickness, while a high statistically significant negative correlation was found between SOD activity and a carotid artery intima-media thickness. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between the serum albumin and prealbumin concentration and a carotid artery intima-media thickness. Oxidative stress may be a significant risk factor for the carotid artery atherosclerosis development in patients treated with regular hemodialysis.

Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in countering arsenic-induced oxidative stress in mice after chronic exposure at environmentally-relevant concentrations.

Contamination of drinking water by carcinogen arsenic (As) is of worldwide concern as its exposure poses potential threat to human health. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms associated with As-induced toxicity to humans. The Nrf2/Keap1 signal pathway is one of the most important defense mechanisms in cells to counter oxidative stress; however, limited information is available regarding its role in countering As-induced stress in model animal mouse. In this study, we assessed the responses of Nrf2/keap1 pathway in mice after chronic exposure to As at environmentally-relevant concentrations of 10-200μgL-1 for 30 days via drinking water. Our results indicate that chronic As exposure had limited effect on mouse growth. However, As induced oxidative stress to mice as indicated by increased content of malondialdehyde (MDA; 52-90%), an index of lipid peroxidation. Further, arsenic exposure reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD; 14-18%), an indication of reduced anti-oxidative activity. Besides, arsenic exposure increased MnSOD mRNA transcription by 25-66%, and decreased the mRNA transcriptions of Cu/ZnSOD by 72-83% and metallothionein by 16-75%, a cysteine-rich protein involved in metal detoxification. To counter arsenic toxicity, the expression of transcription factor for Nrf2 and Keap1 was increased by 2.8-8.9 and 0.2-8.1 fold in mice. To effectively reduce As-induced oxidative stress, the Nrf2/Keap1 transcription factor upregulated several downstream anti-oxidative genes, including heme oxygenase-1 (0.9-2.5 fold), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (0.6-1.7 fold), and NADH quinone dehydrogenase 1 (2.1-4.8 fold). This study shows the importance of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and associated anti-oxidative enzymes in countering As-toxicity in mice, possibly having implication for human health.

Magnetic nanoparticles-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in brain of rainbow trout: Mitigation by ulexite through modulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.

The prevalent exposition of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) to the aquatic medium and their negative influence on human life is one of the major concerns global. Stress mechanization, as a non-specific and pervasive response, involves all physiological systems, particularly the closely interconnected neuroendocrine and immune systems. In this study, which was designed to obtain more data on the biological effects of ulexit, which prevents oxidative DNA damage by protecting against toxicity damage and offers new antioxidant roles. The concomitant use of ulexite (UX, as 18.75 mg/l) as a natural therapeutic agent against exposure to magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-MNPs/0.013 ml/l) on Oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated for 96 h. The brain tissues were taken at the 48th and 96th hours of the trial period, the effects on neurotoxic, pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, antioxidant immune system, DNA and apoptosis mechanisms were analyzed. In the present study, it was determined that AChE activity and BDNF level in the brain tissue decreased over time in the Fe3O4-MNPs group compared to the control, and UX tried to depress this inhibition. While inhibition was determined in antioxidant system biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH values), an induction was observed in lipid peroxidation indicators (MDA and MPO values) in Fe3O4-MNPs applied group. The same group data showed that TNF-α, IL-6, 8-OHdG and caspase-3 levels were increased, but Nrf-2 levels were decreased. The alterations in all biomarkers were found to be significant at the p < 0.05 level. In general, it was determined that Fe3O4-MNPs caused stress in O. mykiss and UX exhibited a positive effect on this stress management.

Systemic Redox Status of Rats Treated with Different Doses of Perfluorocarbon Based Blood Substitute- Perftoran®

Abstract The aim of this research was to examine the influence of the intraperitoneal application of PFT in different doses and regimen on systemic oxidative stress and activity of antioxidative enzymes in animals. Depending on whether the animals received only saline or PFT in different doses (8, 12, 16 ml/kg body weight), and time (1, 10, or 20 hours before sacrificing and blood sampling), all animals were divided into control or experimental groups. From plasma samples we measured following biomarkers of oxidative stress: superoxide anion radical (O2 −), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrites (NO2 −), index of lipid peroxidation measured as TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and from hemolysate samples activity of the next enzymes: catalase (CAT), superoxidedismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). All mentioned biochemical parameters of oxidative stress were determined spectrophotometrically (Shimadzu UV-1800UV-VIS spectrophotometer, Japan). Superoxide anion radical was a molecule very affected with the PFT administration. we observed the significantly higher activity of superoxide dismutase in all PFT treated groups in comparison with the CTRL group. The highest activity was observed in group treated with the 8 and 12 ml/kg of PFT nearly to sampling (1 hour). Catalase activity was significantly higher in PFT group in comparison with the CTRL, especially in PFT 16ml/kg group (1 hour). In comparison with the CTRL group, the total content of GSH was significantly lower in the groups treated PFT in dose of 16 ml/kg 1 hour and 10 hours before blood sampling. All these changes in oxidative stress markers seems to be very clear, but we can observe that almost all changes are induced in 1 hour after PFT administration. Probably, PFT solution has short-term protective effects on reducing oxidative stress, but no long term-effects. Maybe the chemical and biological instability of PFT solution could be a reason for that transient antioxidative effects, and developing the nano-formulation of PFT could be potential option for resolving the problem with poor pharmacodynamic of PFT.

Salivary Oxidative Stress, Total Protein, Iron and pH in Children with β-Thalassemia Major and their Correlation with Dental Caries.

Iron overload in β-thalassemia major leads to oxidative damage to tissues, which may have an important role in the onset and progression of oral diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary oxidative stress indicators, total protein, iron, and pH in children with β-thalassemia major and their relationship with the status of dental caries in comparison with healthy children. In this case-control study, 68 β-thalassemia major and healthy children, who were age- and sex matched, were selected. Two mililiters of saliva was collected from each child. The pH was measured using pH meter paper. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as salivary lipid peroxidation index, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total protein, and iron were measured by spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 22 software with Pearson and independent samples t-test. TBARS, TAC, iron and dmft index in the β-thalassemia major group were significantly higher and pH was significantly lower than the control group (p< 0.001). The total protein difference between the two groups was not significant (p= 0.081). Considering the higher salivary TBARS in the β-thalassemia major group, oxidative stress can be considered as a risk factor for dental caries in children with β-thalassemia major. Prescription of antioxidant supplements especially natural antioxidants in the diet of children with β-thalassemia major is recommended to reduce oxidative stress.

Effects of Allyl Isothiocyanate on Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

Oxidative stress and inflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes. Currently, there is a growing need to exploit plant-derived bioactive compounds to support conventional therapies. The purpose of this study was to explore allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) potency in reducing oxidative and inflammatory stress along with its profitable modulation trace element status in pathological conditions such as diabetes. Two weeks of oral AITC treatments (2.5, 5, and 25 mg/kg body weight per day) were evaluated in Wistar rats with diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. The study included AITC influence on antioxidant factors (SOD, CAT, GST, Nrf2), stress and inflammatory markers (cortisol, CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, NF-κB), lipid peroxidation indices (TBARS, -SH groups), and trace element status (Fe, Zn, and Cu) in the detoxification and lymphoid organs. Independently of dose, AITC increased cortisol levels in rat blood serum and decreased total thiol groups (T-SH) and protein-bound thiol groups (PB-SH) collaterally with raised thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in diabetic rat liver. The inflammation and oxidative effects were enhanced by an AITC dose increase. The highest dose of AITC, 25 mg/kg b.w., strongly affected the inflammation process by increasing IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα in the blood serum, and it upregulated Nrf2 transcription factor with increased SOD, GPx, and GST activities in the liver. AITC showed an equivocal effect on profitable modulation of disturbances in mineral homeostasis in the liver, kidney, and spleen. Our findings revealed that two-week AITC treatment exacerbated oxidative and inflammation status in diabetic rats.

Benefits of Vitamin D Supplementation on Pregnancy of Rats with Pregestational Diabetes and Their Offspring.

Studies on vitamin D supplementation have been performed in experimental and clinical investigations considering gestational diabetes and/or vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy. However, the results are controversial and few present the effects and mechanisms of this micronutrient on pregestational diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the pregnancy of rats with pre-existing diabetes and their fetuses. Pregestational diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats at birth. The adult diabetic and nondiabetic rats were orally administered with vitamin D (cholecalciferol) throughout the pregnancy. The diabetes status was monitored during pregnancy by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). At the end of the pregnancy, pancreas and blood samples were collected for morphological analyses and lipid peroxidation measurements, respectively. The influence of vitamin D treatment on reproductive outcomes, fetal growth, and development were compared to those of untreated diabetic and nondiabetic pregnant rats. P < 0.05 was considered a significant statistical limit. The diabetic rats given vitamin D had a greater number of insulin-positive cells, contributing to reduced blood glucose levels and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations (TBARS-an indicator of membrane lipid peroxidation), and increased reduced thiol group levels, contributing to suitable intrauterine conditions for better fetal development, which was confirmed by higher fetal viability rates. Thus, this study shows the effects and mechanisms of vitamin D supplementation on pre-existing diabetes in pregnant rats, confirming its beneficial effects on maternal redox status and glycemic control, and the decline of adverse maternal-fetal repercussions.

Dose-dependent toxicity profile and genotoxicity mechanism of lithium carbonate

The increasing widespread use of lithium, which is preferred as an energy source in batteries produced for electric vehicles and in many electronic vehicles such as computers and mobile phones, has made it an important environmental pollutant. In this study, the toxicity profile of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) was investigated with the Allium test, which is a bio-indicator test. Dose-related toxic effects were investigated using Li2CO3 at doses of 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L. The toxicity profile was determined by examining physiological, cytotoxic, genotoxic, biochemical and anatomical effects. Physiological effects of Li2CO3 were determined by root length, injury rate, germination percentage and weight gain while cytotoxic effects were determined by mitotic index (MI) ratio and genotoxic effects were determined by micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs). The effect of Li2CO3 on antioxidant and oxidant dynamics was determined by examining glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and anatomical changes were investigated in the sections of root meristematic tissues. As a result, Li2CO3 exhibited a dose-dependent regression in germination-related parameters. This regression is directly related to the MI and 100 mg/L Li2CO3 reduced MI by 38% compared to the control group. MN and CAs were observed at high rates in the groups treated with Li2CO3. Fragments were found with the highest rate among CAs. Other damages were bridge, unequal distribution of chromatin, sticky chromosome, vagrant chromosome, irregular mitosis, reverse polarization and multipolar anaphase. The genotoxic effects were associated with Li2CO3-DNA interactions determined by molecular docking. The toxic effects of Li2CO3 are directly related to the deterioration of the antioxidant/oxidant balance in the cells. While MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, increased by 59.1% in the group administered 100 mg/L Li2CO3, GSH, which has an important role in cell defense, decreased by 60.8%. Significant changes were also detected in the activities of SOD and CAT, two important enzymes in antioxidant defense, compared to the control. These toxic effects, which developed in the cells belonging to the lithium-treated groups, were also reflected in the tissue anatomy, and anatomical changes such as epidermis cell damage, cortex cell damage, flattened cell nucleus, thickening of the cortex cell wall and unclear vascular tissue were observed in the anatomical sections. The frequency of these changes also increased depending on the Li2CO3 dose. As a result, Li2CO3, which is one of the lithium compounds, and has become an important contaminant in the environment with increasing technological developments, caused a combined and versatile toxicity in Allium cepa L. meristematic cells, especially by causing deterioration in antioxidant/oxidant dynamics.

The Szlenk index of 𝐿_{𝑝}(𝑋) and 𝐴_{𝑝}

Given a Banach space X X , a w ∗ w^* -compact subset of X ∗ X^* , and 1 &gt; p &gt; ∞ 1&gt;p&gt;\infty , we provide an optimal relationship between the Szlenk index of K K and the Szlenk index of an associated subset of L p ( X ) ∗ L_p(X)^* . As an application, given a Banach space X X , we prove an optimal estimate of the Szlenk index of L p ( X ) L_p(X) in terms of the Szlenk index of X X . This extends a result of Hájek and Schlumprecht to uncountable ordinals. More generally, given an operator A : X → Y A:X\to Y , we provide an estimate of the Szlenk index of the “pointwise A A ” operator A p : L p ( X ) → L p ( Y ) A_p:L_p(X)\to L_p(Y) in terms of the Szlenk index of A A .

Effect of extracts of dialium guineense stem bark on lipid peroxidation index and histological changes in kidneys of normal rats

Aim: To investigate the effect of extracts of Dialium guineense stem bark on lipid peroxidation index and histological changes in kidneys of normal rats. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 70; 35 rats per extract) weighing 160 to 180 g were divided into seven (7) groups of five (5) rats each. Group I served as control, while rats in the other groups were administered varied doses of extract (200 - 5000 mg/kg body weight, bwt) orally for a duration of 28 days. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured as well as histopathological assessment. Results: Percentage increases in body weights of rats treated with aqueous or ethanol extract of D. guineense stem bark were significantly reduced, when compared with control group (p< 0.05), but there were no significant differences in the corresponding relative organ weights and tissue MDA level among the groups (p> 0.05). Similarly, the extracts did not significantly alter the normal architecture of the kidney. Conclusion: The aqueous and ethanol extracts of the medicinal plant did not elicit any deleterious effects on rat kidney.

Ulexite modulates the neurotoxicological outcomes of acetylferrocene-exposed rainbow trout.

In this study, the neuroprotective action potential by ulexite (UX) (18.75 mg/L) against acetylferrocene (AFC) (3.82 mg/L) induced neurotoxicity was aimed to investigate in brain tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss. For this purpose, the effects on neurotoxicity markers, proinflammatory cytokines, antioxidant immune system, DNA, and apoptosis mechanisms were assessed on brain tissues in the 48-96h of the 96- trial period. In this research, it was determined that brain-derived nerve cell growth factor (BDNF) level and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were inhibited in the brain tissue compared to the control group by AFC. In addition, inhibition in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) values (which are antioxidant system biomarkers), and inductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) amounts (which are indicators of lipid peroxidation) were determined (p < 0.05) after exposure to AFC. And, while tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 levels were increased in the AFC-exposed group, Nrf-2 levels were found to be remarkably decreased. Upregulation was also detected in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and caspase-3 levels, which are related to DNA damage and apoptosis mechanism. On the contrary, UX (single/with AFC) suppressed the AChE and BDNF inhibition by AFC. Moreover, UX mitigated AFC-induced oxidative, inflammatory, and DNA damage and attenuated AFC-mediated neurotoxicity via activating Nrf2 signaling in fish. Collectively, our findings revealed that UX supplementation might exert beneficial effects and may be considered as a natural and promising neuroprotective agent against AFC-induced toxicity.

Supplementation of Thymoquinone and Carob Together in the Experimental Rat Asthma Model: Oxidative Effect on the Liver Tissue

Asthma, an important public health problem, is a common, potentially serious, medical condition in children, adults and pregnant women. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the combined use of thymoquinone and carob on liver tissue oxidative events, following the experimental asthma model. 18 male albino wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as: the control group, the experimental asthma group and treated group (A+TQ+C). In the asthmatic groups, ovalbumin and alum were given intraperitoneally on the 0 and 14th days, and sensitized by inhalation on the 21st, 22nd and 23rd days. In the next 5 days, thymoquinone and carob were given to the group to be treated by intragastric gavage method. In all experimental groups, glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AA), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOx) levels were measured spectrophotometrically to evaluate the oxidant-antioxidant status in the liver tissue of rats. While liver tissue GSH and AA levels increased, NOx levels were found to decrease following thymoquinone and carob administration in the treated group (A+TQ+C) when compared other groups (Control and Asthma). However, MDA levels, which are the indicator of lipid peroxidation, were found to be statistically significantly increased in the treated group (A+TQ+C) (p

AGE PECULIARITIES OF PROOXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT BALANCE OF THE ORAL FLUID IN PATIENTS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF INTAKT DENTITIONS, PARTIAL AND COMPLETE ANODONTIA

Relevance. The study is conditioned by a steady tendency of demographic aging of the population. On the part of the dental system, one of the most common age-related disorders is the tooth loss and the necessity to replace dentition defects. Changes in dental status can affect the course of oxidative reactions and antiradical protection of the oral fluid.&#x0D; Objective is to investigate the age peculiarities of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance of the oral fluid against the background of intact dentitions, partial and complete anodontia and their correction.&#x0D; Material and methods. There were examined 103 patients aged from 16 to 89, with intact dentitions, under the conditions of partial anodontia and correction with bridges or partial removable laminar dentures and complete anodontia and correction with complete removable laminar dentures. The intensity of the processes of free radical oxidation of lipids in oral fluid was assessed by the content of diene conjugates (DC) and products that respond to thiobarbituric acid (TBA-AP). The antioxidant reserve of the oral fluid was characterized according to the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione reductase (GR).&#x0D; Results. There was a significant increase of the indices of lipid peroxidation in the oral fluid, especially in middle-aged patients, which is confirmed by an increase in the content of DC and TBA-AP 5.9- and 4.5-fold, respectively, compared with data in adolescents. Such changes were consistent with a decrease in the activity of SOD, GP, GR of the oral fluid at 41.7-48.8% (p&lt;0.05) relative to the values ​​in adolescence. In elderly and senile patients, the level of lipid peroxidation tended to decrease. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in elderly patients decreased at 28.6-49.8% (p&lt;0.05), in the senile patients – at 29.6-63.6% (p&lt;0.05) relative to the values ​​in the middle-aged patients. There has been an increase in the level of oxidative processes against the background of suppression of antiradical protection of the oral fluid in patients with partial or complete anodontia according to the data in the studied patients with intact dentitions, especially for people who use dentures.&#x0D; Conclusions. Prooxidant-antioxidant balance of the oral fluid depends on age and dental status. The most significant changes in oxidative processes in the oral fluid are observed in the middle-aged people with a tendency to decrease in the elderly and senile patients. The level of free radical processes increases under the conditions of partial and complete anodontia, correction of various types of denture designs and depends on the material they were made of. Such changes occur against the background of suppression of the antioxidant reserve of the oral fluid (especially the glutathione system).

Inhibition of the Growth of Tumors Induced Ehrlich Ascites by Pre-Treatment with Pomegranate and Beetroot Juice in Mice

The present study was to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor effects of three natural juice (pomegranate, beetroot, and both of them pomegranate and beetroot) injected with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) - bearing female mice. The results show that pomegranate and beetroot juice extract is notable sources of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The biological experimental were distributed into six mice groups, the control negative group, and the resultant mice were injected with EAC. The mice were divided into a control EAC positive, group (3) EAC and injected with cisplatin, in addition, the EAC (4, 5, and 6) groups were separately taken orally with pomegranate, beetroot, and both pomegranate and beetroot. The total blood count, hepatic lipid peroxidation index, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), catalase enzyme activity (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were evaluated, as well as liver sections were histopathological examined. In mice harboring EAC, there was a reduction in CAT and GPx activity and an increase in TBARS content. Pomegranate, beetroot, and both pomegranate and beetroot juice treatments improved the complete blood count, the negative changes in the liver enzymes, and the histopathological changes in liver sections. These improvements included increased antioxidant activities, decreased lipid peroxidation, inhibition of EAC cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. From the results, it could be concluded that the pomegranate and beetroot had the highest contained phenolic and flavonoid content. As a result, it can prevent the biochemical and histological alterations brought on by EAC without having any negative side effects. Keywords: Pomegranate, Beetroot juice, Ehrlich Ascites carcinoma, Cisplatian, Cancer

Effects of Regular and Continuous Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of intense acute exercise and regular and continuous exercise on oxidative stress parameters and apoptosis-related Bax and Bcl-2 protein levels in rats. In the study, 1 control and 4 experimental groups were formed from 35 male Wistar-Albino rats, 7 in each group. The control group was not exercised, the other four groups exercised at a speed of 1.5 km/h for 1 hour on a 20 degree incline treadmill every day. Control and 1st group at the end of the 1st day, 2nd group 7th day, 3rd group 15th day and 4th group 30th day were sacrificed under anesthesia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels as an antioxidant indicator in muscle and plasma levels were measured. Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels were also checked for apoptosis in skeletal muscle. According to the results obtained, skeletal muscle and plasma MDA values increased after acute exercise (P&amp;lt;0.05), while skeletal muscle and plasma GSH-Px, CAT values increased significantly after continuing regular and continuous exercise (P&amp;lt;0.01). It was observed that Bax protein expression level increased, Bcl-2 protein expression level decreased and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased in acute exercise (p&amp;lt;0.05). As a result, it was concluded that regular and continuous exercise has a protective effect against oxidative stress and apoptosis triggered by acute exercise can be suppressed by regular and continuous exercise.