Women Entrepreneurship In India Research Articles

Role of Management Education in Entrepreneurship Development for Sustainable Growth- Development of Women Entrepreneurship

Women plays prominent role for the development of economy. Woman constitutes the family, which leads to society and Nation. Entrepreneurship of Women development is an essential part of human resource. Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every woman has in her but has not been capitalized in India in way in which it should be. Women today are more willing to take up activities that were once considered the preserve of men, and have proved that they are second to no one with respect to contribution to the growth of the economy. Due to change in environment, now people are more comfortable to accept principal role of women in our society. Despite all the social hurdles, Indian women stand high from the rest of the crowd and are highly praised for their achievements and self dependent in their respective field. The transformation of social framework of the Indian society, in terms of increased educational status of women and various aspirations for better living, necessitated a change in the life style of Indian women. She has competed with man and successfully stood up with him in every walk of life and business is no exception for this. These women leaders are self-confident, winning and willing to take risks. They managed to survive and succeed in this cut throat competition with their hard work, carefulness and determination. The present paper endeavors to study the concept of women entrepreneurs, reasons women become entrepreneurs, problems faced by women as an entrepreneur, and the remedial measures to overcome those problems to be a successful women entrepreneur, it will also suggest the ways of reducing hurdles of the women entrepreneurship development through study of SWOT Analysis in Indian Context and to survive in the Globalised world, steps taken by Government and Various National and International associations for development of women entrepreneurship in India.

Economic Independence of Rural Women through Microfinance - A Study with Special reference to VICIB by Sandhya Development Society in Idukki District

We often forget the fact that men's power is not men's power alone it is women too. Mostly women power is neglected and the development becomes one side and lop-sided. Here the development thinkers understand the significance of women empowerment as the basis of sustainable development of our nation. The term “Development” not only means economic development but also the upward movement of the entire social system. Micro finance is an effective method to cure the financial illness of rural people and gained concepts of self-reliance, self-sufficiency and self-help as its core. Common men understand microfinance as a system providing to very poor families with very small loans (microcredit) to help them engage in productive activities or grow their tiny businesses. But, microfinance has come to include a broader range of services like credit, savings, insurance, etc. Microfinance clients are poor and vulnerable non-poor who have a relatively stable source of income. The main problems faced by Indian women entrepreneurs are lack of adequate finances, technical knowhow, non-availability of new material, inadequate marketing facilities, lack of technical and managerial skills etc. In this study the researcher focuses to the development of women in rural area and how micro finance and micro credits helped to it. An investigation for getting the required data, the researcher takes the aspects like social and economic status of women, decision making capacity of women, the problems, challenges and suggestions for the better functioning of the micro finance programme. Rural women are facing a lot of social as well as economic problems like lack of sufficient income and adequate standard of living. For the upliftment of rural poor especially rural women government and many NGO's developed special programmes. Functioning of Sandhya Development Society in central Kerala in this area is noteworthy. Sandhya Development Society's microfinance division VICIB is very much active in the development of rural population especially rural women. In a district like Idukki VICIB plays an important role in the overall development of rural women. This study helps us in understanding the role of VICIB in making rural women financially independent and self-reliant.

An Exploration of Androgyny in Indian Women Entrepreneurs

The sign of a thriving economy of any country is the entrepreneurial performance of that country. Biological gender is seen as one of the critical factors impacting entrepreneurship behavior. A need for inclusive development has been extensively focused on in order to promote entrepreneurship in women. However, rather than biological gender, it is the ‘gender role behavior’ which is more relevant for finally expressed behavior. Androgyny is a balanced psychological identity that combines the social behaviors of both genders. Androgynous behavior increases the flexibility and adaptability of individuals as they have access to both behavior patterns based on situational necessity rather than being confined to socially dictated gender stereotypical behavior. This flexibility is imperative for entrepreneurs who have to constantly keep adjusting to environmental challenges. This study attempts to understand the ‘gender - role orientation’ of N=51 Indian women entrepreneurs who have fulfilled stringent performance criteria to qualify for participation in an entrepreneurial development program. Bem's sex role inventory (BSRI) was used for measuring the gender role orientation of these participants. 45% (n=23) of the participants had an androgynous gender- role orientation in this study. The number of years of entrepreneurial experience, type of business, external cultural influences and the stage of entrepreneurial venture, all had a role in the evolution of androgyny. The implications of these findings on entrepreneurship behavior are discussed from an Indian context.

Constraints/Challenges Faced In a Journey of Women Entrepreneurship in the Development in Western Maharashtra

The main objectives of the present paper are as follows: (i) To examine the factors responsible for growth of women entrepreneurship in India. (ii) To analyse the problems and challenges faced by the women entrepreneurs in India. (iii) To study the policy measures undertaken by the government and other agencies to promote women entrepreneurship in India. (iv) To examine the demographic profile of women entrepreneurs in small scale sector in Pune district, Maharashtra, India, (v) To analyze the various motivational factors responsible for women entrepreneurs to start up their own enterprise. (vi) To probe into challenges / constraints faced by women entrepreneurs to start up their own business. (vii) To suggest the framework for the promotion of women entrepreneurship in current scenario. In India, the need is now keenly felt that women should also work outside the home for getting better living standards for all. It is in this context that, the question of women entrepreneurs has taken new significance especially when unemployment has become a matter of great concern for all. Government of India has introduced the policy measures to promote the status and the level of female entrepreneurs in the country. There has been increasing turned in number of women owned enterprises in India, but despite government efforts, substantial growth could not be achieved. Very few entrepreneurs could approach the government assistance which is the indication that there is a need to revitalise the whole system. Keywords: Women Entrepreneurship, Government of India, Western Maharashtra, Constraints/Challenges. I. Introduction Women have proved themselves very successful entrepreneurs by engaging in one or two income generating ventures within the confines of their homes. The opportunity for developing the home-based small scale entrepreneurship has become more, due to increased level of education among women. The number of women, who acquire professional skills like engineering, managerial etc., has been increasing manifold today. However, a large proportion of such technically qualified women do not take up employment due to family pressures. There is an urgent need to promote avenues for these women to take up entrepreneurship in the twenty-first century in order to exploit their talents which otherwise go waste.

Women Entrepreneurship: Finding Voice and Vision

This paper is a centripetal analysis of role of Indian women in the realm of entrepreneurship encompassing various aspects whirling around contributions as well as limiting roadblocks encountered by women entrepreneurs in our society. The article helps to understand how women entrepreneurship has refined into an accepted concept of the economy. Customarily Indian society has been contemplated as male perquisite. However with growing socio-cultural environment and escalation in opportunities, the state of women entrepreneurship has improved in fragments. There have been various government schemes for remodeling and encouraging women participation. However societal and familial roadblocks continue to reign, afflicting women entrepreneurship.The major chunks and challenges faced by Indian women entrepreneurs have been taken with this. This article also unveils the current trends and future prospects of women-entrepreneurship. In this, literature review aims to scrutinize the critical facet of current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to women entrepreneurship, which covers all over the world through secondary sources, and as such, do not address any new or original experimental work.

Women Entrepreneurship Development in India

Role of Women in Economic Development is vital to achieve the inclusive growth. Entrepreneurship is one of the means to make involve them in Nation building and Economic Development. Till 1980s, only a very few women took Entrepreneurial activities in India1. In 1980, “New Delhi Declaration and Plan of Action” adopted to emphasize on development of entrepreneurial skills among the women. The decade (1980-1990) witnessed several institutional initiatives towards women entrepreneurship. Its only after the liberalization of Indian economy in 1990s, with the opportunities poured in and along with institutional support, Women entrepreneurship started to flourish. In this paper the concept and classification of Women Entrepreneurs is discussed. The hurdles faced by Women to set up the enterprises and the government schemes for Women Entrepreneurship development are also analyzed. The Success story of few Indian Women Entrepreneurs is narrated in brief. Finally it is concluded that the success of Women Entrepreneurship among City dwelling Upper middle Class Women should also be spread to Women in country side.

Socialization and Nurturing Entrepreneurship Among Indian Women

Women entrepreneurs cannot gain momentum if the ground for entrepreneurship remains uneven. Analysis of literature from the psychological and sociological perspective has deduced that childhood socialization is one of the most important determinants of entrepreneurship development. The paper discusses how self help groups can establish a link with women entrepreneurial development. This paper tries to show how access and control of resources for the development of the entrepreneurial mindset right from childhood is of great importance. Access and control of resources by women has been linked to the life cycle theory. The paper wishes to draw attention of the family, society, and the government towards a change in upbringing of the girl child, who later on in life can be helpful in changing the picture of women entrepreneurship in India. The paper shows that if the girl child is allowed to grow independently, then both male and female entrepreneurs can be created in the Indian society.

Socialization and Nurturing Entrepreneurship Among Indian Women

Women entrepreneurs cannot gain momentum if the ground for entrepreneurship remains uneven. Analysis of literature from the psychological and sociological perspective has deduced that childhood socialization is one of the most important determinants of entrepreneurship development. The paper discusses how self help groups can establish a link with women entrepreneurial development. This paper tries to show how access and control of resources for the development of the entrepreneurial mindset right from childhood is of great importance. Access and control of resources by women has been linked to the life cycle theory. The paper wishes to draw attention of the family, society, and the government towards a change in upbringing of the girl child, who later on in life can be helpful in changing the picture of women entrepreneurship in India. The paper shows that if the girl child is allowed to grow independently, then both male and female entrepreneurs can be created in the Indian society.

Women entrepreneurs and business venture growth: an examination of the influence of human and social capital resources in an Indian context

Current understanding of women entrepreneurs, and in particular those within emerging economies, remains limited. This is despite the fact that the prevalence of women entrepreneurs across emerging economies has grown. Consequently, using India as a research context, the purpose of this study was to identify specific human and social capital factors that may contribute to venture growth for women entrepreneurs in emerging economies. Results suggest that both human and social capital factors play a role in determining business growth for Indian women entrepreneurs. Specifically, human capital factors related to industry experience as well as prior entrepreneurial experience were significant contributors, as were social capital factors related to the size of individuals’ business networks and the support received from family members. However, education, parental business ownership, and network composition characteristics relative to kinship ties were not significant predictors of venture growth in an Indian context.

Problems and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurship in India

Problems and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurship in India

Women Entrepreneur In India

Entrepreneurs play a key role in any economy. These are the people who have the skills and initiative necessary to take good new ideas to market and make the right decisions to make the idea profitable. The reward for the risks taken is the potential economic profits the could earn. Technically, a entrepreneur is any women who organizes and manages any enterprise, usually with considerable initiative and risk. However, quite often the term women-owned is used relative to government contracting. In this instance, the (a woman) owns (more than 50%), controls and runs the Data has been collected from number of articles, books, periodicals and websites. The present study has been attempt to generate awareness and to understand meaning, rationale for diversification. extensive literature review is done on women entrepreneur. At the end some major problems faced by Indian women entrepreneurs, success stories of Indian women entrepreneurs, factors influencing women I. INTRODUCTION Women entrepreneurs may be defined as a Woman or a group of women who initiate, organize and run a business enterprise. Government of India has defined women entrepreneurs based on women participation in equity and employment of a business Accordingly, a woman run a enterprise is defined as an enterprise owned and controlled by a women having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51%of the employment generated in the enterprise to Women constitute 10 % of the number of the number of in the country. This has been a significant growth in self-employment of women with women now starting new ventures at three times the rate of men. They constitute 50% of the population of our country with a lower literacy rate than men. This statistical fact indicates that for the economic growth of the nation, women should not be encouraged to make their share of economic contribution towards the country. one way of achieving is by making women come out and become entrepreneurs. In the traditional society, they were confined to the four walls, playing household roles, but in the modern society, they are coming out to participate in all sorts od activities. Normally, women entrepreneurship is found in the extension of their kitchen activities, mainly in preparing commercially the 3Ps namely, Pickles, Papads and Powder. Few of them venture into services industry relating to hospitality, catering, educational services, consultation or public relations, beauty clinics, etc. Women enter entrepreneurship due to economic factors which pushed them to be on their own and urge them to do something independently. Women prefer to work from their own work residence, difficulty in getting suitable jobs and desire for social recognition motivate them towards self-employment. We see a lot of women professionals in engineering, medicine, law etc. They are also setting up hospitals, training centers, etc. An enterprise owned and controlled by a women having a minimum financial interest of 51 per cent of the capital and giving at least 51 per cent of the employment generated by the enterprise to women. — Government of India

Women Entrepreneurs in Dindigul Town: An Analysis

Woman entrepreneurship development is an essential part of human development. The development of women entrepreneurship in India is increasing with the time but it is at a very low level. The study intends to provide an insight into the entrepreneurial development in the industrial town of Dindigul. A sample of 50 women entrepreneurs from different enterprises of this region was surveyed for the study. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics, frequency distribution tables. The results reveal that though the environment is conducive for entrepreneurial development, the enterprises still face certain bottlenecks regarding bulk purchase of inputs, power crisis, and threat from globalisation.

Women Entrepreneurs in India - Over the Years!

A recent literature review suggests that, today the Indian women entrepreneurs increasingly are a force to be reckoned with. According to the Women’s Global Entrepreneurship study conducted in US, UK and India, commissioned by Dell (2012), it has been found that the ideal country for a woman starting a business in 2012 could well be So the primary objective of the research to study the significant rise of Women Entrepreneurs in India and how it has evolved since the pre-independence days (before 1947), during the British colonial days. The study also analyses the reasons that have prompted the women entrepreneurs to unleash their entrepreneurial energies into start-ups. To meet the objectives of the study both primary and secondary data have been collected. Two different structured questionnaires have been constructed and administered to a sample of women entrepreneurs and both public as well as private support system officials. Based on both qualitative and quantitative analyses the growth of women entrepreneurship in India have been studied into four different periods - Pre-Independence Period (before 1947), Post-Independence Period (after 1947), Post-Liberalization Period (after 1991) and Post -Global Recession period (2008 onwards). The study further strives to correlate the reasons which have prompted the women entrepreneurs to start-up during these different periods. The study finally concludes to what extent the various support systems in India can further foster a conducive ecosystem for the Women Entrepreneurs in India.

Challenges and Opportunities for Women Entrepreneurship in India under Globalisation.

Inspite of forming 50 per cent of the total population of the world women do not own even 1 per cent of the world’s property. Their role and contribution in industrialisation has remained unaccounted and unassessed. The lot and the position of women the world over has remained neglected. Their share in business and trade is very low. Though they represent half the humanity, their contribution to leadership and management is much less. According to the UN report women receive 25 per cent less wages than men inspite of the law of equal wages for equal work. Time has come for women to come out of the drudgery of housework and give vent to their creativity and entrepreneurship. Political developments in India have also been responsible for determining the role of women in a changing society. It is an accepted fact that the role of women in national development is a crucial one. Women have an important role to play in synthesising social progress with economic growth of developing countries. Non-aligned and other developing countries have attached a great importance to ensure that women play their full role in the development process. The specific role of women in the economic effort has not yet been clearly defined but the need for “integration of women into development” is being particularly felt by women themselves. With the increase in the number of women getting educated, there is considerable awareness among women to be self-employed and gradually the role of women is changing in the society.

EXPLORING ENTREPRENEURIAL FULFILLMENT FOR WOMEN IN INDIA: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Drawing on social feminist theory, Indian cultural precepts, and previous research, we explore factors which may influence entrepreneurial fulfillment for women entrepreneurs in India. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis suggest that numerous network characteristics, as well as perceptions of family support, each contribute to a sense of entrepreneurial fulfillment for Indian women entrepreneurs. These factors furthermore each contributed to entrepreneurial fulfillment beyond the influence of the financial performance of the venture. Implications for understanding women entrepreneurs in emerging economies are discussed, as are practical implications for both women entrepreneurs and policy makers. We additionally present directions for future research.

Women at Work & Entrepreneurship in Globalization Era

This paper focuses on the impact on women at work and entrepreneurship in India. There was major shift in Indian economic strategy in July .1991. The new strategy was termed as New Economic policy (NEP). It was mainly based on the IMF- World Bank's structural Adjustment Programmer (SAP). The major planks of the WEP were liberalization, Privatization & globalization (LPG) of the Indian Economy In India women entrepreneurship can be considered as necessity entrepreneurship rather than opportunity entrepreneurship with the development of work culture in society for women. The performance of women entrepreneurship in India was quite improving during the period. However, these women workforce may be possessing skills in making handicrafts handlooms items or food production like making chips etc which can be used profitability by creating small enterprises. Therefore, the Government should take an active role in encouraging women to go to work like, to provide day care and also incentives to companies that encourage women's employment.

Indian women entrepreneurs in New Zealand

Drawing upon findings from interviews, this paper explores the frontiers that Indian women immigrants in New Zealand face in their entrepreneurial endeavours in New Zealand. While research on ethnic minorities has emerged as a burgeoning stream in entrepreneurship and there is some amount of research on entrepreneurship among Polynesian peoples and Asians of Chinese origin in New Zealand, there seems to be a lacuna in the sphere of Indian women entrepreneurs. Utilising the theoretical framework of mixed embeddedness, this research offers insights into the psycho-social and economic frontiers experienced by Indian women entrepreneurs in New Zealand. The struggles and determination to achieve economic independence and self efficacy in the country of resettlement serve as a testimony to the possibility of permeable frontiers to facilitate minority ethnic enterprise.