Indian Style Research Articles

Ketogenic Diet as a Therapeutic Intervention for Doose Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Current Evidence

Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures, also known as Doose syndrome or myoclonic–astatic epilepsy (MAE), represents a challenging pediatric epilepsy syndrome, initially described by Doose et al. in 1970. MAE accounts for 1%–2.2% of juvenile-onset epilepsy cases, characterized by normal early development, followed by seizure onset between 7 months and 6 years. Seizure types include myoclonic, myoclonic-atonic, generalized tonic–clonic, and atypical absences, often accompanied by nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Electroencephalogram typically shows parietal-dominant rhythmic theta activity or a posterior 4 Hz pattern. While conventional antiseizure medications (ASMs) offer some efficacy, outcomes vary widely, and up to 50% of patients may experience refractory seizures and poor intellectual outcomes. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet inducing ketosis, has shown promise in reducing seizure frequency and severity in refractory epilepsy, including MAE. This case report describes a successful outcome with a South Indian style KD in a 3-year-old boy with Doose syndrome presenting with 20–25 daily head drop seizures despite multiple ASMs and steroid therapy. Initiation of a home-based KD utilizing traditional household ingredients significantly reduced seizure frequency by 60% within 1 month and 80% within 2 months and was 100% seizure-free in 3rd month following KD, alongside developmental improvements. The KD was well-tolerated, with improved nutritional status. This case underscores KD’s potential as a viable complementary therapy for MAE, emphasizing the need for ongoing parental support and supervision to ensure dietary adherence and optimize outcomes. It is commonly believed that the KD is challenging for the South Indian population to follow due to the high carbohydrate content in South Indian cuisine. However, this case demonstrates that a KD can indeed be tailored around South Indian dishes, highlighting the uniqueness of this approach. When the diet is customized to consider a child’s dietary habits, culture, and cuisine, it becomes easier to follow over the long term, leading to effective seizure control. Further research is necessary to refine dietary protocols and evaluate long-term efficacy in MAE management.

Relasi Ekonomi Pedagang Hindu di Bandar Dagang Sriwijaya

This research focuses on the economic relations of Hindu traders in Sriwijaya trading ports in the VII-XII centuries AD. The problems that will be analyzed are what are the forms of economic relations between Hindu traders in Sriwijaya trading bookies, what is the evidence of the existence of economic relations between Hindu traders in Sriwijaya bookies. The method in this research is the historical research method which consists of searching for primary data, namely observing Sriwijaya artifacts at the Sriwijaya Tourism Park Museum. Carrying out verification of both external and internal criticism, data analysis in the form of interpretation and historical writing. The aim of this research is to explain the economy of Hindu traders in trading houses during the Sriwijaya era in the VII-XII century AD. Based on the results of this research, trade relations have been established between Hindu traders from India in the city of Sriwijaya. This trade relationship is proven by the discovery of artefacts originating from India, such as the discovery of several Hindu statues such as Shiva and Vishnu in Indian style and Hindu temples in the interior of Sriwijaya. Economic relations occur in the form of economic interactions both in the form of buying and selling or bartering merchandise. The establishment of trade relations between Hindu traders and Srivijaya had an impact on the development of Hinduism in the hinterland (Uluan) of Sriwijaya based on archaeological findings in Kapur City, Angsoko, Lesung Batu and Bumiayu. This research provides new findings that in Sriwijaya not only did Buddhism develop but Hinduism also developed, especially in the interior areas of Sriwijaya.

The Contiguity of the Theoretical and Practical Music in the Two Modes of Delicate Imageries and Exotic Imageries of the Indian style of Persian Poetry

The Contiguity of the Theoretical and Practical Music in the Two Modes of Delicate Imageries and Exotic Imageries of the Indian style of Persian Poetry

Ṣâib-i Tebrîzî’nin Gazellerinde Yaşlılık ve Hırs

Ṣāʾib Tabrīzī is one of the most well-known figures of 17th century Persian poetry. He poems are considered typical examples in Indian Style, a poetry movement that was marked with the use of imagery that deviated from established norms of the past centuries. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Ṣāʾib’s imagery and show its differences and similarities with traditional imagery of classical Persian poetry. To this end, Ṣāʾib’s ghazal beyts that focus a particular subject, that is, greed in old age, are scrutinized. Elderliness was one of the recurring themes in Persian poetry even before Ṣāʾib so this topic is suitable for comparison. The review of Ṣāʾib’s beyts show that novel and surprising ideas do permeate his poetry and are a distinguishing feature of his style but in most cases his ideas are not entirely original. His innovation is based on taking metaphors from tradition and giving those metaphors new meanings that is not entirely detached from its former meaning. Ṣāʾib also uses unique imagery that is not seen in the works of any other poets but this happens very rarely. Hence, Ṣāʾib Tabrīzī’s poetry retains its connection with tradition and achieves freshness through this connection rather than representing a style that is completely cut off from past.

State capacity & the soft budget constraint: Fiscal federalism, Indian style

In this paper, we explore the effects of India's federal structure on state-level fiscal responsibility. Drawing from a 1991–2018 dataset, we argue that higher levels of transfer and borrowing dependence (soft budget constraints) from the central government facilitate lower levels of fiscal responsibility by subnational governments. Our hypothesis is tested using panel regressions on fiscal responsibility outcomes across Indian states. We also evaluate the effects of the world's largest employment program, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), on subnational fiscal responsibility. We find that rural public employment measures are conducive to lower levels of fiscal responsibility. Soft budget constraints constitute a key structural feature of Indian federalism.

The Introduction to Mohammad-Taqi Bahār’s Sabkshenāsi: A Translation

Abstract Mohammad-Taqi Bahār’s 1942 textbook Sabkshenāsi (“Stylistics”) was a landmark text in modern Persian literary studies. It coined terms (like sabk-e Hendi or the “Indian style” of Persian poetry) and laid out a tripartite, geographical-temporal model for the history of Persian poetry which largely remain dominant today. Bahār’s articulation of a national canon of Iranian literature (comprising writings in various stages of the Persian language as well as Arabic) made Sabkshenāsi an important text not only for the nascent department of Persian literature at the University of Tehran for which it was written, but for twentieth-century Iranian nationalism in general. By combining traditional forms of knowledge with the methodologies pioneered by European Orientalists, it played an important role in modernizing Persian literary studies. The influential introduction to Sabkshenāsi is translated here into English in full for the first time, along with a preface explaining the work’s importance for Persian literary studies.

Kevin L. Schwartz. Remapping Persian Literary History, 1700–1900

Kevin L. Schwartz. <i>Remapping Persian Literary History, 1700–1900</i>

Indianness in Photography

This article explores the question whether there is a specifically Indian style of photography. A survey of photography students from various institutions revealed that though there is little clarity about the actual look of an Indian style of photography, students clearly define their own photographs as Indian. Intriguingly, the focus is less on certain visual characteristics, but more on the feelings they derive from the photographs, a scenario which is reminiscent of the rasa theory. Even though this was hardly mentioned by the students, this psycho-social element seems to have left a cultural imprint but also reflects an act of claiming ownership and agency. In addition, the students identified alienating aspects in photography, such as seeing one’s own culture like an outsider, but at the same time consider it to be integrating, since photography paves the way for a deeper engagement with one’s own culture, and as such strengthens Indianness.

A History of Style and a Style of History: The Hermeneutic ofTarzin Persian Literary Criticism

AbstractThis article considers style in Persian literary history and its critical rhetorical and hermeneutical roles for poets and critics in the medieval and Safavid-Mughal eras. It explores howtarz(manner) emerged as a hermeneutical term in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and achieved a central position insukhansanjī(evaluating speech) in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This account oftarz—grounded in its historicity and multivalent implications—offers new insights into language for early modern Persian literary history, which is often periodized assabk-i hindī(Indian style) ortāza-gūyī(fresh-speaking). Through a close reading of Safavid-Mughaltazkiras (literary compendiums), this contribution examinestarzas an operating concept deployed by a number of prominenttazkirawriters. Finally, the article concludes by discussing this legacy's impact on twentieth-century scholarship.

Traumatic Brain Injury in the Elderly is common but is not as Bad as we Think! Exercise, not rest, can ensure faster recovery from post-concussion syndromes “Autobiographical case report”

Head injuries, medically known as Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) are a leading cause of seeking emergency medical care, hospitalization, long hospital stays, disabilities, rehabilitation services, case fatalities and socioeconomic losses in India. Head trauma is one of the common injuries in the old due to trivial falls, and its consequences need not be grievous always. As many of the elderly are on medication for hypertension, diabetes, and heart ailments and due to sudden rising from the bed, or even from the commode or Indian style of squatting plate develop giddiness and fall. Incidence of head injuries is rising all over the world but fortunately more than half of them is either mild or moderate amenable to management with good outcomes. They can sometimes be serious and fatal when left untreated. The epidemiology of TBI is still an enigma in the medical world due to inconsistency in the definition and classification and discrepancies in data collection. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a well-accepted tool to assess the seriousness at the first visit to stratify, monitor the prognosis, and recovery of brain functions in patients with traumatic brain injury. Seniors over the age of 60 years with head injury are generally considered to have a poor outcome. However, a recent large multicentric China epidemiologic study of minor head injury patients (GCS 13–15) reported over 90 % survival, few with minor consequences. Another large-scale retrospective study at a level II trauma centre in Florida from 2005 to 2008, too indicated that the outcome of elderly over 65 years old had a survival rate of over 80 %. I report my own autobiographical case of a closed head injury, with good outcome due to timely care and early initiation of aerobic exercise (waking &amp; tread meal) for recovery from concussion injury due to fall in washroom, with no major post-concussive symptoms.

Tendo-Achilles injury

Objective: To report demographic and injury characteristics of tendo-Achilles (TA) injury, and determine its association with the use of Indian style commode seat (ISCS), the clinical and functional outcomes. Methods: This observational study was conducted between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019, and a total of 44 patients with TA injury were included in the study. Their demographic profile, etiology, operative details, and functional outcomes were studied. All patients underwent primary repair followed by standard postoperative management and follow-up for 6 months. Results: Out of 44 patients, 7 (15.9%) sustained closed injuries while 37 (84.1%) sustained open injuries. In open injury cases, 30 (81%) patients suffered an injury due to slipping in ISCS, 4 (11%) from road traffic accidents, and 3 (8%) due to falling of a heavy object. Besides, 20.45% of cases of ISCS injury had associated neurovascular injury. Twenty (45%) patients took more than 90 days to start independent ambulation. At 6 months follow-up, no one could reach pre-injury fitness status. Conclusions: Open TA injury by ISCS is an important, under-reported, and preventable cause of loss of physically active manpower in institutional setups.

SPIRITUAL HAPPINESS IN MALWA MINIATURE PAINTINGS STYLE

All the arts are result of human nature &amp; Beauty. one of the ancient primitive arts and the cultured art and on the other hand, the development of folk art takes place. Folk art often consists of religious narratives, religious traditions, religious symbols and apart from fictional mythological events, social festivals and social beliefs are based on the background. Art is incomplete without each other in terms of folk art and classical art. These two forces are complementary to each other. This most of the paintings of our Indian miniature painting style are based on poems and literature. The miniature paintings of Malwa are for spiritual enjoyment, it is a reflection of its civilization and culture, in which the people there are not able to see the spirit of life. important various elements of Malwa miniature painting style of folk art for many subjects (literature) such as Kalpasutra, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Devi Mahatmaya, Bustan of Saadi are based on. that are spiritual and historical respectively. Pictures based on poems are made on enchantment/affairs (Radha Krishna) and Nayika Bhed respectively. In The subjects of the pictures are like- Rasik Priya, Barhamasa, Ragamala, Rasaveli. In which we get the elements of art, human figures, nature Illustrations are visible through colour, line, form, tone, texture, space in architectural marking. Bhakti and yoga in Indian Art along with this, special emphasis was placed on the expression of emotion, due to which the art of Malwa remained intact. Folk art traditions contained in Malwa Miniatures are still prevalent in villages and cities and in many museums. It is safe and people have unwavering faith in these folk traditions.

Writing Self, Writing Empire: Chandar Bhan Brahman and the Cultural World of the Indo-Persian State Secretary

Writing Self, Writing Empire: Chandar Bhan Brahman and the Cultural World of the Indo-Persian State Secretary

Implementation and coloration technology of Stucco formations in Baron palace.

Implementation and coloration technology of Stucco formations in Baron palace.

Portrait of Adolescence in the Novels of Ruskin Bond

Indian English Novel has occupied a significant place at worldwide level. Many well-known writers present the Indian life style and voiced for the social issues in their novels. Ruskin Bond is one among the very few writers who has contributed to the development of children and youngsters. Bond’s literary world depicts the adolescents of real life. Bond portrays the journey of innocence to experience in his novels. Bond started writing his first novel when he was an adolescent. The autobiographical part in Bond’s novels realistically expresses the growth of an individual from childhood to adolescence. Rather than external factors, Bond puts effort to bring out the mind-set of the adolescents. His lead characters in the novels are in adolescence phase. The novels of Bond has two layers, one which explores everyday life and the other which actually reveals the human psyche. The present paper focuses on the representation of adolescents in the novels of Ruskin Bond. It introspects the characteristics of the adolescent in light of child psychology.&#x0D;

Visual images of beauty of the word in the Persian poetry of XVI - the beginning of XVIII century: the Indian style and painting by word

The article is devoted to the problem of changing stylistic paradigm in the Persian poetry of XVI-XVII centuries and reflection of this process in self-consciousness of outstanding authors of the period. Parallel with preserving stable norms of traditional poetics literary practice demonstrates flexibility and forms new range of popular poetic strategies. New aesthetic criteria if ideal poetic language, expressed with epithet ‘colourful’ ( rangin ), appears alongside with criteria of previous period, expressed with epithet ‘sweet’ ( shirin ) and step by step gets leadership. Lyric poetry ( qhazal ) of three famous authors of the period of formation and golden age of Indian style served the object of analyses. The phenomena of visualization of imagery connected with perfect poetic language illustrated by examples of ‘Poet and Poetry’ motifs located in ‘frame text’ in end of the qhazal . These motifs serve one of the regular contexts of author’s name ( takhallus ) and show author’s attitude to his creation, including stylistic preferences. Refinement of poetic fantasy being declared basic condition of creating perfect poetry described visually as coiling lasso, poetry itself as flourishing garden, fountain or European house decorated with painting. Such characteristic of word creation has analogies in the works of Baroque style theorist Giambattista Marino (1569-1625).

Anna Irbe un misijas darbs Karunagarapuri

This year, we celebrate the 130th anniversary of the birth of Latvian missionary Anna Irbe (1890–1973). She was an extraordinary woman and one of the first missionaries that went from Latvia into the mission field in Southern India. This paper examines her approach to missionary work, which was very innovative at the time and quite successful. It also discusses Irbe’s motives and philosophy of missionary service. Irbe very strongly stood against the theology of mission of the time, which held that Western missionaries were the ones bringing the culture to the poor heathens. She very acutely recognized that many of the Westerners, including some missionaries, held a supremacy attitude. She was willing to learn – she acquired the Tamil language, sought to understand the culture, differences in the caste system, and the attitudes of fellow missionaries. From her observations, she made a decision to do everything with an Indian style so that her work would not be considered foreign by local beneficiaries of the mission, which allowed her to be very successful in her ministry. Soon after the start of her ministry, Irbe developed a “Latvian village in India” called Karunagarapuri, which is located in the Coimbatore area, Tamil Nadu state. The name of the ­village means “The village of the most merciful God.” Irbe also recognized that the Gospel was always connected with culture, and therefore she was very open to discover and learn new things about Indian culture by visiting various temples and museums and meeting people of different castes. She was very open to ecumenism and was ready to use any opportunity to see where signs of God’s mercy could be noticed. During her ministry, she tried to fully identify with the local people, which was not the most common attitude among missionaries of that time. Overall, Irbe’s mission service and sacrifice brought plentiful fruit and it could be said that in her attitude and love towards the people of India, she was an extraordinary woman ahead of her time

Book review: John Guy, Art and Independence: Y.G. Srimati and the Indian Style and Geeti Sen, Meera Mukherjee: Purity of Vision

John Guy, Art and Independence: Y.G. Srimati and the Indian Style (Ahmedabad: Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd), 2019, 144 pp., 66 colour illustrations, 63 colour photographs, ₹1,750 (Hb). Geeti Sen, Meera Mukherjee: Purity of Vision (Ahmedabad: Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd), 2018, 152 pp., 146 colour illustrations, 26 colour photographs, ₹2,950 (Hb).

Naqd-i Khayāl: Barrasī-i Dīdgāhʹhā-yi Naqd-i Adabī Dar Sabk-i Hindī

Naqd-i Khayāl: Barrasī-i Dīdgāhʹhā-yi Naqd-i Adabī Dar Sabk-i Hindī

Metal(loid) contamination in water, sediment, epilithic periphyton and fish in three interconnected ecosystems and health risk assessment through intake of fish cooked in Indian style.

Samples of water, sediment and epilithic periphyton (EP) were collected from a lake (Dimna, DL), an intermediate canal (IC), and a river (Subarnarekha River, SR) to compare the pollution status of an urban ecosystem, and the concentrations of metal(loid) s were determined. Water characteristics were analysed by the water quality index (WQI). Sediment pollution was assessed using the ecological risk index (ERI). Accumulation of metal(loid) s in EP was determined by using bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF). The result showed that the DL was least polluted (WQI = 30.39) and SR (WQI = 90.13) was the most polluted ecosystem. Sediment analysis revealed that Ni, Cr and Cd are the significant pollutants, especially in SR. The THQ value for fish dishes cooked in Indian style was found higher than that of raw fish, suggesting calculations considering the cooking process can provide better results. Health risk assessment shows that people inhabiting DL are vulnerable to Cr and Cu exposure, whereas people inhabiting IC and SR are susceptible to As and Co exposure due to the consumption of cooked fish. Moreover, for a developing country like India, it is important to upgrade the assessment methods and include regular monitoring of interconnecting ecosystems for the safeguard of human and ecological health.