Research In India Research Articles

INDIAN INLAND WATER AND PARTS OF ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET ELEVATION AND ICE SHEET VELOCITY MONITORING USING ALTIMETRY AND SAR BASED DATASETS

Abstract. The monitoring of inland water and continental ice sheets is very important from water management and global climate related studies. The current study utilizes the SGDR data from Saral-Altika during 2013–2017 to estimate and monitor water level in 24 major reservoirs of India. The R2 value for majority of reservoirs was more than 0.99 and RMSE error value also was less than 0.40 m. In addition, wide rivers of India such as Mahanadi River, was also monitored using Altika data covering part of Mahanadi River from Khairmal to Naraj gauging sites during 2013–2016 time period. One dimensional hydro-dynamic (1D-HD) model was setup for this part of river to generate river Discharge at virtual gauge. The part of Antarctic ice sheet South of Indian research station Maitri, East Antarctica, was studied for ice sheet elevation changes using ground based stake network as well as space based altimeter/LIDAR datasets during 2003–2017 time period. 2003–2009 time was used for getting elevation changes using Icesat-1 level 2 altimetry product, and Geophysical Data Record (GDR) data from Altika was used with slope correction from 2013–2016 time period. An extensive network of ground based stake networks were used for validating the derived elevation changes. The ice sheet and glacier line of site velocity was estimated using Sentinel-1 based InSAR data with 6 to 12 day time interval data sets for year 2016 and 2017. The derived glacier velocity was comparable with optical image (Landsat-8) based glacier velocity for same year and also with historical Radarsat-1 based glacier velocity results.

New head of Indian research giant to tackle funding issues and red tape

Shekhar Mande takes the helm when the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research needs fresh funding, and less bureaucracy. Shekhar Mande takes the helm when the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research needs fresh funding, and less bureaucracy.

Outsider takes helm at Indian research giant

Outsider takes helm at Indian research giant

Conducting controlled human infection model studies in India is an ethical obligation.

Weighing competing obligations and achieving the "greatest balance" of right over wrong guides an individual, an agency or a country in determining what ought to be done in an ethically challenging situation. Conducting controlled human infection model (CHIM) studies in India is one such situation. The ethical challenge in conducting a CHIM study lies in completing the difficult task of introducing standardised, attenuated strains of micro-organisms into normal healthy volunteers, at the same time ensuring the safety of these healthy individuals from potential and completely informed risks in a fashion that is transparent and accountable. The bar is further raised against the background of already fragile public confidence in biomedical research in India; especially when "deliberate" introduction of microbial agents into healthy individuals is involved, with the larger altruistic objective of gain to society as a whole. This paper discusses the uses of CHIM studies with respect to the larger scientific Indian research enterprise of the 21st century. It further explores etic and emic perspectives in conducting such trials in India and seeks to generate an ethical coherence to the justification for conducting CHIM studies in India. The paper deliberates on ethical issues arising out of conducting CHIM studies and reflects on how developing the capacity for CHIM studies in India is likely to strengthen the health research and development sector in the country.

Demystifying Trends and Future Implications of Cardiovascular Disease Burden in India. From Rhetoric to Reality and Policy to Action by Targeting Social Determinants of Health to advance Health Equity and Reduce Global Disease Burden

Socioeconomic determinants of health assume great significance in Indian context due to its diversity. We aim to appraise the current national level health initiatives aimed at decreasing the cardio vascular disease (CVD) burden in India in context with established conceptual frameworks for advancing integrated health and value-based care. Literature review for interpretive and qualitative observational analysis was undertaken to assay various healthcare constructs affecting health policy formulation and implementation. Indian research has focused on risk prevention aspects of CVD rather than risk behavior modification through policy implementations. Future interventions should focus on formulating ingenious strategies to get a grip on crucial social challenges to translate gains in measurable units involving all stakeholders. Our study elaborates and enumerates various measures undertaken by the government of India (GOI) till date for CVD risk reduction. Future effective public-health interventions in India must incorporate complex socioeconomic measures to confront major elements of health inequalities.

Философско-исторические аспекты развития экологической культуры в Индии

<p>В статье рассмотрены теоретические и практические вопросы развития экологической культуры в Индии. Актуальность этой темы обусловлена тем, что Индия на пороге XXI в. столкнулась с серьезными экологическими проблемами. Пути выхода из сложившейся ситуации лежат, в том числе, и в плоскости традиционной культуры. Насколько в традиционной культуре и философии Индии были развиты экологические мотивы? Могут ли они стать основой для развития и укрепления современной экологической культуры, так необходимой для решения насущных проблем сохранения природной среды?</p><p>Философско-религиозные основы индуизма содержат в себе мировоззренческий потенциал, способный помочь в разрешении современных экологических проблем. Ключевое понятие индийской философии «дхарма» является тем звеном, которое в настоящее время способно соединить религиозную и экологическую практику. Это мнение индийских исследователей, подтвержденное такими историческими примерами, как социально-экологические движения «Чипко», «Аппико» и другие.</p><p>Сделаны выводы об уникальном опыте развития экологического движения в Индии и о необходимости широкого культурного контакта в этой области для решения общемировых экологических задач.</p>

Lágrimas de Heraclito: a unidade criativa de sentimento e pensamento na obra de Padre António Vieira

Refletindo sobre a emotividade humana vinculada à escritura literária, o presente artigo apresenta questões suscitadas pela leitura da obra de Padre António Vieira “Lágrimas de Heraclito”, que versa sobre o riso e o pranto, expressando o paradoxo existencial das emoções. Apoiando-se nos novos paradigmas do conhecimento, emanados da obra do pensador indiano Amit Goswami, o presente estudo aborda o tema considerando a consciência como sendo a unidade de vivência e comoção. A integração de sentimento e pensamento na criatividade poético-literária conduz a considerações sobre o fenómeno emocional e suas implicações éticas para a consciência. Considerando que no paradigma integrativo convergem múltiplos campos de estudos em humanidades, o presente artigo elabora uma reflexão sobre as expressões anímicas intuitivas e simbólicas da criatividade emocional na arte literária.

The challenge in diagnosing Crohn’s disease in TB endemic region – A case report with review of literature

The challenge in diagnosing the regional ileitis existed since 1932 when Crohn, Ginzberg and Oppenheimer first reported their case1. Many Indian researchers accepted that during last decade there was considerable increase in the incidence of Crohn’s disease (CD) in India which poses great challenge in diagnosing it, due to high prevalence of tuberculosis2. In this perspective we report a case which made a stimulus to review the literature. The purpose of this manuscript is 1. To document the occurrence of an additional case of CD in India, 2. To report that CD can rarely present as post operative enterocutaneous fistula, 3. To discuss the criteria in diagnosing the CD in Tuberculosis (TB) endemic area.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.688-690

Robotics Research in India: A Scientometric Assessment of Indian Publications Output during 2007-16

The present study examined Indian output of 4402 papers in robotics research, as indexed in Scopus database during 2007-16, with a view to understand India’s growth rate, global share, citation impact, international collaborative papers share, distribution of publications by broad subjects, productivity and in addition discuss the citation profile of top organizations and authors, preferred communication media and characteristics of high cited papers. India registered 24.84% growth, 2.21% global publications share, 9.63% international collaborative publications share, and averaged 4.13 citations per paper during the period. Computer science was the most followed subject for robotics research with 67% publications share, followed by engineering (52.34%), mathematics (12.81%), etc. Top 50 productive organizations and authors belong to academic and R&D sectors and they accounted for 61.93% and 26.94% publications share and 70.54% and 35.48% citations share in Indian robotics research output. Top 25 most productive journals accounted for 41.38% share of 1566 journal papers published in robotics research by India. India contributed only 16 highly cited papers with 100 to 368 citations per paper.

Risk-based approach towards design evaluation and re-assessment of shutdown safety margin

Traditional approach for design, operation and regulation of the nuclear plants is deterministic in nature where the principle of defense in depth governs incorporation of multiple barriers and levels of protection. Single failure criteria, redundancy, diversity, fail safe criteria, quality assurance, etc., form the major cornerstone of this approach for safety demonstration. Traditional approach, which is conservative and prescriptive in nature, has served well for high level of safety since the inception of nuclear industry. However, with the accumulation of operating experiences, insights obtained from the accidents in the nuclear plants and growth of the probabilistic risk assessment methods, there is an increasing trend to implement a risk-informed approach in the nuclear plants. Over conservatism built in design, operation and regulation can be addressed using quantitative insights on risk and uncertainty such that the system availability or performance can be enhanced without compromising the safety. This paper proposes an integrated risk-based approach wherein probabilistic risk assessment framework has been used along with the deterministic insights to give credit to the available design provision in the nuclear plants. The objective is to use the margins available with the existing design to demonstrate safety of the plant by using risk framework along with the improved understanding of uncertainty. The model and procedure, involved in the risk-based approach, have been demonstrated through a case study performed on an Indian research reactor.

Review of the food processing supply chain literature: a UK, India bilateral context

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the meaning and operationalization of food supply chains in the context of the UK and India.Design/methodology/approachThe paper follows the systematic literature review approach. The paper examines 99 articles published in peer-reviewed-journals from 1995 to 2017.FindingsFindings reveal that food supply chain literature is explored along themes of procurement, food processing, innovation, traceability, safety, environment and sustainability, food policy, quality, health, consumer behavior and packaging. Within these themes, the UK researchers have primarily addressed vertical integration, coordination, safety, competitiveness and transparency and information technology. Indian researchers have focused on issues such as consumer perceptions, retail format choice, organic, health and wellness products. An empirical category is the most popular approach. The survey method is the most popular approach followed by the single case studies.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting a unified synthesis of articles dealing with the food supply chain in the bilateral context of the UK and India.Practical implicationsThe policy makers could use findings for conceptualization of complementarities and possible food supply chain networks.Social implicationsFood processing activities may have potential to provide sustaining livelihoods to around sixty percent of the Indian population which depends on the agriculture. In the bilateral context, the UK may also get a reliable and cost competitive partner to meet its food import needs. This will help the UK to focus more on its service-led economy which, in turn, may create more jobs.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the contextual issues of both the countries and presents opportunities for future collaboration.

Science and Engineering Research In India (1985–2016):Insights From Two Scientometric Databases

We furnish scientometric data, for science and engineering, of research organizations in India, extracted principally from the Web of Science™ (WoS) database via their InCites™ tool. We classify the data into different granularity levels and address problems in their reliable extraction from publication metadata. We accumulate scientometric measures such as the numbers of publications, citations, and the h-index for the period 1985–2016. We use them to compare research performance in science and engineering, (a) across countries, very briefly, and (b) among Indian research organizations, for which we refine the data to carry out subject -level comparisons. A brief comparison with data from Scopus ® and SciVal © is also included.

Analyzing Indian research and development organizations: a SWOT analysis

PurposeThis SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis was conducted to have a portrait of the competitiveness of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) on the global map. Being a 75-year-old scientific organization, CSIR has raised each and every laboratory with a specific mandate and competency. It is definite that the organization would get some assistance from these points, which are briefly stated, as the institutional data reside with the laboratory only. To some extent, they can be considered on their discretion; however, the organization has raised its position to international standards, but still it can consider few areas/suggestions from this analysis. These points are suggestive and flexible in nature, which are identified and defined to elevate this organization on the globe. Scientific publications do make a difference, but on the ground, if the technologies are not viable and received by public, it makes no difference. Today, India is fortunate to have a Prime Minister like Mr Modi, who always re-evaluates the issues and solutions so that the country moves from developing to a fast-pace developed nation. It is a fact that if these research organizations reorganize themselves and prioritize the research problems, they are capable enough to become a pioneer among the world R&D industry. This paper aims to analyze the organization and suggest few points with significant findings which can assist in scaling toward excellence on a global scale.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of random sampling, laboratories were identified where their achievements and contribution toward industry and society were evaluated. On the basis of their setup, the organization and laboratories were evaluated to frame-out a SWOT analysis.FindingsSWOT analysis is a deliberate technique carried out to analyze the current situation of the system and to analyze the internal and external environment, which provides and edge to the organization to sustain. The major factors assessed were manpower, machines, money and funding, and achievements and deliverables were studied.Originality/valueThe research, i.e. SWOT, is unique in nature, as it was not carried out earlier on such a scale. To some extent, the points suggested in SWOT and conclusion can be considered on their discretion; however, the organization has raised its position to international standards, but still it can consider few areas/suggestions from this analysis. These points are suggestive and flexible in nature, which are identified and defined to elevate this organization on the globe. Scientific publications do make a difference, but on the ground; if the technologies are not viable and received by public, it makes no difference. Today, India is fortunate to have a Prime Minister like Mr Modi, who always re-evaluates the issues and solutions so that the country moves from developing to a fast-pace developed nation. It is a fact that if these research organizations reorganize themselves and prioritize the research problems, they are capable enough to become a pioneer among the world R&D industry.

Completeness of reporting in Indian qualitative public health research: a systematic review of 20 years of literature.

This study reviewed the completeness of reporting in Indian qualitative public health research (QPHR) studies using the 'Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research' (COREQ) checklist. Search results from five electronic databases were screened by two independent reviewers. We included English-language, primary QPHR studies from India, which were assessed for their compliance with the COREQ checklist. Each COREQ item was noted as either reported or unreported. Descriptive statistics for the number of COREQ items reported by each study, and the number of studies that reported each COREQ item were reported, as were the items reported in each year, and in pre- and post-COREQ time periods. Of 537 citations, 246 articles were included. Trends demonstrated an increasing number of Indian QPHR studies being published annually, and an overall increase in reporting completeness since 1997. Only two COREQ items were reported in all studies. 52.4% of articles reported between 16 and 21 items, corresponding to 43-57% of items being reported. Six items were reported in fewer than 10% of studies. COREQ domain 1 was least frequently reported. Despite improving trends, the reporting of QPHR in India is incomplete. Authors and journals should ensure adherence to reporting guidelines.

Occurrence of author keywords and keywords plus in social sciences and humanities research : A preliminary study

Keywords are important words and phrases of a research paper, expressing its essence. The longitudinal study of occurrence of keywords in specific discipline expresses trends of research. The present paper attempts to highlight trends of research in Social Sciences and Humanities disciplines in India, published during the time period, 2005 to 2014, by studying the keywords and keywords plus, assigned by the authors and Web of Science respectively. The study highlights the research themes which have been pursued by the Indian researchers during the ten year period. It also attempts to spotlight the extent of similarity between authors’ assigned keywords and WOS assigned keyword plus in the SSH publication from India. Descriptive and inferential statistics techniques have been applied in the study. Web of science was used for collecting the data.

Studies on Antimicrobial Activity and Kinetics of Inhibition by Plant Products in India (1990-2016).

The antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts or plant isolates has usually been evaluated in India using different antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods generally based on diffusion and dilution. There are different analytical approaches for the reliable evaluation of antimicrobial activity ascribed to medicinal plants against selected pathogenic microorganisms. Obtained results may provide scientific bases for the selective use of these natural plants as healing drugs, crop-protecting pesticides, or shelf-life-extending solutions. In general, antimicrobial susceptibility methodologies involve in vivo and in vitro studies; at present, the in vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity appears more popular. Diffusion methods have some limitations, although they are extensively used to determine the susceptibility of organisms isolated from specimen samples to applied antimicrobials and vice versa. Dilution methods are preferred in the case of more precise antimicrobial activity estimation, in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration. With regard to the inherent antimicrobial nature of herbal compositions, herbs, and herbal extracts, Indian researchers have evaluated the reliability of these antimicrobial agents against selected pathogens and have shown them to be effective. Researchers have also tried to establish linear regression correlation analyses on the basis of available inhibition results. This research is still evolving, and interesting results may be expected in the future.

Introduction

Together, the articles in this special issue of the American Indian Culture and Research Journal offer a discussion of how Indigenous peoples have represented themselves and their communities in different periods and contexts, as well as through various media. Ranging across anthropology, art history, cartography, film studies, history, and literature, the authors examine how Native people negotiate with prominent images and ideas that represented Indians in the dominant culture and society in the United States and the Americas. These essays go beyond the problems of cultural appropriation by non-Indians to probe the myriad ways Native Americans and Indigenous people have challenged, reinforced, shifted, and overturned those representations.

Sources of Role Stress among Employees in Indian Service Sector: A Review of Literature

Every country, today, is in a hurry to improve its economic strength and to become more self-sufficient. The services sector has remained the most vibrant sector in many countries in terms of contribution to GDP, national and state incomes, trade flows, FDI inflows, and employment. Globalization provides opportunities as well as challenges for nations to use innovation in service sector as a strategic lever to generate knowledge flows. The new opportunities and challenges of business in services sector play a critical role in the lives of individuals which have contributed to the phenomenon of stress for both individual employees and the organizations. The stress induced due to roles performed by individuals as employees at workplace, has been one of the most persuasive organizational stressors, the outcomes of which have been found to be costly to the organization. The present paper is an attempt to gather the reviews of the various Indian researchers on role stress and coping in service sector.

Disparities in Risk Factors and Birth Outcomes Among American Indians in North Dakota.

Objectives High infant mortality rates among American Indians in North Dakota contribute to a 20-year gap in average age at death compared to whites. Geographic- and race-specific health disparities data to drive policy making and interventions are not well disseminated. The current study examines prenatal risk factors and birth outcomes between American Indian and whites in North Dakota. Methods A retrospective descriptive analysis of North Dakota live births from 2007 to 2012 was conducted. Period prevalence and prevalence ratios were calculated. Results The infant mortality rate from 2010 to 2012 for infants born to American Indian women was 3.5 times higher than whites. Racial disparities existed in education, teen births, tobacco use during pregnancy, and breastfeeding initiation. Disparities widened for inadequate prenatal care, illegal drug use during pregnancy, and infant mortality from 2007-2009 to 2010-2012 and narrowed for sexually transmitted infections and alcohol use during pregnancy. Conclusions for Practice American Indians are disproportionately affected by poor pregnancy and birth outcomes in North Dakota. Future geographic-specific American Indian research is warranted to aid current and future public health interventions.

CARTOSAT-2 SERIES REMOTE SENSING INDIAN SATELLITE SYSTEM REVIEW

In This article, we are describing Indian satellite technology PSLV-C40 / Cartosat-2 series satellite .basically it is the mission of Indian space research organization (ISRO). PSLV-C40 was the 42nd mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch vehicle. PSLV-C40/Cartosat-2 series successfully carried 31 satellites and deployed in Sun-synchronous orbits. Cartosat2 series remote sensing satellite launch for the Earth observation and its carried 30 co-passenger satellite. In this article present an overview of cartosat-2 series remote sensing satellite system that was the ambitious project of the Indian space research organization.