Indian People Research Articles

Pleiotropic effect of teneligliptin versus glimepiride add-on therapy on hs-CRP and cardiorenal parameters in Indian type 2 diabetes patients: An open-labeled randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to estimate the pleiotropic effect of teneligliptin on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and some cardiorenal parameters in comparison to glimepiride, both as add-on therapy to metformin. Methodology: This 12-week open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted among Indian people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and on metformin monotherapy with poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin >7% or 53 mmol/mol). The endpoints were mean change in hs-CRP levels, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum creatinine, blood urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and change in cardiovascular (CV) risk categories from baseline to end of 12 weeks. Results: Seventy participants were randomized (1:1) to receive either teneligliptin 20 mg once daily (n = 35) or glimepiride 1 mg twice daily (BD) (n = 35) as an add-on to metformin 500 mg BD. The mean age of the participants was 50.65 and 50.7 years in arms 1 and 2, respectively. At 12-weeks end, teneligliptin add-on caused a statistically significant reduction in hs-CRP compared to glimepiride in both per-protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) sets. No significant difference was observed for changes in SBP and DBP, creatinine, urea, eGFR levels, and CV risk category in both PP and ITT sets. Conclusion: Teneligliptin add-on resulted in favorable effects on hs-CRP levels and comparable effects on cardiorenal parameters compared to glimepiride add-on therapy at 12-weeks end. This trial has been prospectively registered in CTRI (Clinical Trials Registry of India). Registration number: CTRI/2021/08/035342.

The Significance of a Feminist Geopolitical Analysis in Mahasweta Devi’s The Hunt and Douloti the Bountiful

In the inspiration of bringing alternatives to Critical Geopolitics and Subaltern Geopolitics, Feminist Geopolitics has been employed in this paper. Feminist geopolitics traverses upon the discriminated, marginalized community’s lives and events as well as it connects their exploitation with power production. This feminist geopolitics’ analytical approach demonstrates connections of geopolitics power production with everyday life of Indian tribal people. While reading Indian Tribal community as a subaltern in the works of Mahasweta Devi, through feminist geopolitics we have analyzed violence, displacement, and resistance of tribal women. In geographical imaginaries, the land of tribal protects and strengthens women; simultaneously the tribal land displaces and destroys. The article investigates two questions, 1. What is the role of land in the lives of tribal women? 2. What is the need of mother land for tribal women? It also focuses on two women, whom the dominant geopolitics had marginalized once, but then, the research gap states, how one (woman) could survive through epitomic influence on geography and another could not survive due to displacement. Moreover, the gap insists on how the power relation operates inside and outside the tribal border as well as the interest, knowledge and power of elite’s invades the tribal community after the independence. The qualitative method (textual analysis) is used for research analysis, and Arya (2020) defines that “textual analysis is a type of qualitative analysis that focuses on the underlying ideological and cultural assumptions of a text” (Arya, 2020, p. 173). Hence, this method utilizes the theoretical approaches of the feminist geopolitics theory for the study of the two short stories of Mahasweta Devi. In this article, Imaginary Maps (1995) a collection of short stories by Mahasweta Devi, translated by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak from which The Hunt (1995) and Douloti the Bountiful (1995) (two stories) have been analyzed for discussion.

An Equilibrium of Education Policy by Dr. Ambedkar - A Visionary Aim with Landmark Change Over in India

His words become true, as proved by Dr. Ambedkar with his unstoppable efforts to eradicate the weeds in our country by drafting the Constitution of India and subsidizing various policies and measures. He was the one who paved the way for revolutionary moments on education in India and also believed that “Education is a key to attaining uniformity and regularity to fulfil human needs”. The major obstacles to obtaining the fruit of wisdom were rejected on the grounds of unequal practices and untouchability’s, racialism, upper and lower class people were diverged by the name of case, religion, etc., he is the one who broke up the chain of inequality by framing the “Rule of law” concept under Article 14 - Every person should be treated equally before the law, also by guaranteeing their freedom of expression under Article 19 and protect their right to live with dignity under Article 21 of Indian constitution. He worked tirelessly to provide equal access to education for all Indian people during the constitution's drafting process, free from discrimination or repression. The educational ideas of Dr. Ambedkar, and the laws that were created in accordance with his vision of an ideal society are then the subject of this research paper. Education not only educates the citizens about their rights and how to exercise them, but also about human dignity & justice. Keywords: policy, education, human rights, dignity, and justice.

Supplemental Material for Disparate Trajectories of Cognitive Aging Among American Indian and Alaskan Native People With and Without HIV

Supplemental Material for Disparate Trajectories of Cognitive Aging Among American Indian and Alaskan Native People With and Without HIV

Mental health symptom associations with COVID-19 testing and vaccination among urban American Indian and Alaska Native people

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. Rates of infection, hospitalization, and mortality have been severe relative to non-Hispanic whites. While AI/AN communities have had some of the highest levels of COVID-19 vaccination, utilization rates remain suboptimal and there is a need to identify facilitators and barriers to testing and vaccination. MethodsWe examined cross-sectional survey data from January to May 2021, among 619 AI/AN patients from five tribal health organizations (AK, CO, KS, NM, WA). Exposures include perceived stress, Kessler distress, PTSD screening, and AUDIT-C alcohol misuse screen. Poisson regression was used to estimate associations with prevalence of COVID-19 testing and vaccination. ResultsOver three-quarters of participants were tested for COVID-19 and nearly half were vaccinated. Perceived stress and positive PTSD screening were associated with reduced vaccination prevalence, Prevalence Ratio (PR) 0.83 (0.73, 0.93) and PR 0.80 (0.66, 0.98), respectively. There was reduced prevalence of COVID-19 testing in subgroups with lower reported psychological resilience and PTSD, PR 0.78 (0.64, 0.95). ConclusionsPast-month perceived stress and positive PTSD screening are associated with reduced prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination in urban AI/AN people. Subgroups reporting limited resilience and PTSD symptoms had lower prevalence of COVID-19 testing. The complex relationship between mental health and COVID-19 testing and vaccination warrants further exploration to identify interventions to improve health among urban AI/AN people, a population with known disparities in both mental health and COVID-19 outcomes.

“It Matters Who Defines It”—Defining Nutrition through American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Worldviews

BackgroundAdequately assessing nutrition is deeply important for understanding and addressing health inequities, especially for American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian (AI/AN/NH) peoples who have been subjected to the malnourishing effects of settler colonialism. Mainstream approaches to nutrition rely heavily on indicators of physical diet consumption, while ignoring the contributions of food to spiritual, social, and emotional health. Considering only physical aspects of dietary consumption paints a narrow picture of AI/AN/NH foodways and nutritional health further contributing to deficit-based narratives about AI/AN/NH peoples. To adequately understand and address the nutritional health of AI/AN/NHs, strengths-based approaches to nutrition that are rooted in Indigenous ways of knowing are urgently needed. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to define nutrition through AI/AN/NH worldviews. MethodsThree focus group discussions (n = 3) and in-depth interviews (n = 6) were conducted with 26 purposively identified AI/AN/NH food sovereignty experts and knowledge holders. Data collection and analysis were conducted iteratively. Through a process of open, focused, and axial coding, primary themes and supporting subthemes were established and refined, and a conceptual framework (the Indigenous Nourishment Framework) was developed to reflect the relationships between primary themes, subthemes, and the overall meaning of nourishment for AI/AN/NHs. ResultsThe Indigenous Nourishment Model contains 4 main domains of nourishment (physical, spiritual, emotional, and relational), and 8 subthemes representing concepts, practices, and beliefs, which contribute to overall nourishment. ConclusionsDespite the importance of physical aspects of nutrition, our findings assert that spiritual, emotional, and relational well-being are inseparable and integral to the overall goal of nourishment for AI/AN/NHs. The resulting Indigenous Nourishment Framework developed with a diverse group of AI/AN/NH food knowledge holders reflects the strengths of AI/AN/NH foodways and builds upon existing approaches to nutrition by offering new directions for approaching and measuring nutrition.

Revisiting the voices from the Margins: A Study of Subaltern Narrative in Amitav Ghosh’s The Calcutta Chromosome

The Calcutta Chromosome by Amitav Ghosh delves into the subaltern narrative giving voice to marginalized people often overlooked in mainstream literature. The narrative draws on the themes of identity, power, and history through its characters and their experiences challenging traditional narratives and offers a unique perspective on the complexities of colonialism, science, and storytelling. The novel resurfaces the issues of defiance and resistance against the imperial power and its’ hegemony as depicted by Ghosh through the characters like Murugan, Mangala and Laakhan against British scientist Roland Ross and his associates. In the juncture of scientific research about the Malaria in colonial India, Ronald Ross was assisted by the Indian people, however, their contribution remained excluded in colonial historiography which Ghosh's narrative stages to revisit the colonizer's discriminatory policy. Meantime, this study triggers on the voice of the voiceless to subvert the 'orientalism' in Westerners' historiography by staging the voice of the oppressed in the domain of subaltern studies envisaged by Spivak and others. In so doing, it valorises the voice the subalterns by constituting an academic discourse for their age-longed muffled silence.

A Study on Brand Preference and Level of Satisfaction in Consuming Colgate Toothpaste with Reference to Chandrapur City

Abstract: The main purpose of to identify the different factors responsible for customer in purchasing of the colgate toothpaste to know the customer satisfaction level about he colgate toothpaste. The research design used in this study is descriptive research design. Data was collected from 99 respondents. Data was collected by survey method, the survey was collected in chandrapur city of Maharastra state, through structured questionnaire with five point rating scale questions. Secondary data were collected from the available literature sources. For distribution of questionnaire to the respondents random sampling method was used and to collect the respondents opinion, survey was taken among the selected sample respondents. After collecting the data from the respondents, The collected data include customer satisfaction towards Colgate toothpaste personal product details. In India toothpaste industry is having a huge market in monthly grocery shopping list toothpaste plays an important role for most of the urban as well as rural households. In earlier days consumers especially in India depends on using the traditional herbs like Neem or Babool twigs for keeping their teeth clean and healthy. But slowly international brands entered into Indian market started replacing the age old techniques of maintaining oral care Following study is conducted by the researcher to find out the behavior of the consumer to analyze the preference of consumer and consumer awareness. In today’s highly competitive world the success story of any brand is depends on the satisfaction and delighters of consumer Understanding needs, wants and problems of consumer is a very complicated task because of changing technology, innovation and internal and external environmental factors This study mainly focus on understanding the external factors like demographic, social, cultural, price, quality, product attributes etc. for buying toothpaste. Majority of Indian people start their day with cleaning their teeth mostly they use toothpaste for cleaning their teeth oral care plays an important role in their life some people still use natural technique to clean their teeth and even for any oral problem they prefer natural techniques. Now a days in urban or rural area people are using toothpaste for cleaning their teeth. They use toothbrush for application for tooth paste toothbrush and toothpaste is complementary to each other. For many of them toothpaste means “Colgate”

STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF ANCIENT INDIAN MARITIME POWER

India is a peninsular country bounded by the lofty Himalayas in the north, is surrounded by oceans and seas on three sides and has a 7,517 km long coastline. The Indian Ocean engulfs the country in its South. It has recently re-emerged as a sphere of power politics in International Relations. The following slok of Vishnu Purana illustrates the Geo-Strategic importance of Bharat.उत्तरं यत् समुद्रस्य हिमाद्रेश्चैव दक्षिणम् |वर्षं तद् भारतं नाम भारती यत्र सन्ततिः || विष्णु पुराण २.३.१The country that lies north of the ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bhāratam, there dwells the descendants of Bharat.China is in India’s backyard, an expansionist and imperialist power challenging the aspects of maritime security in the region, and Pakistan is a hostile neighbour, it is high time that a comprehensive framework of India’s maritime security is developed. As an ancient civilisation, the country has a rich legacy of its naval prowess. The civilisational culture from the ancient land of Bharat spread worldwide, especially in Southeast Asian, African, Central Asian, and East Asian countries through the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean, therefore, is not merely a waterbody. Instead, it captures the essence of India’s religion and cultural wave, transcending even to the neighbouring countries. India's history, art, mythology and literature are replete with numerous instances of the importance of the Indian Ocean in the lives of the Indian people. The cultural depth of the Indian civilisation is as deep as the Indian Ocean. Therefore, this article argues about the strategic relevance of ancient India’s maritime diplomacy.

Culturally tailoring a secondary suicide prevention intervention for American Indian and Alaska Native people in substance use treatment

Culturally tailoring a secondary suicide prevention intervention for American Indian and Alaska Native people in substance use treatment

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cervical Insufficiency, Cervical Cerclage, and Preterm Birth.

Background: The frequency of cervical insufficiency differs among the major racial and ethnic groups, with limited data specific to Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AANHPI) subpopulations. We assessed cervical insufficiency diagnoses and related outcomes across 10 racial and ethnic groups, including disaggregated AANHPI subgroups, in a large population-based cohort. Study Design: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all singleton births between 20-42 weeks' gestation in California from 2007 to 2018. Logistic regression models were performed to estimate the odds of cervical insufficiency and, among people with cervical insufficiency, the odds of cerclage and preterm birth according to self-reported race and ethnicity. Results: Among 5,114,470 births, 38,605 (0.8%) had a diagnosis code for cervical insufficiency. Compared with non-Hispanic White people, non-Hispanic Black people had the highest odds of cervical insufficiency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.97, 3.18), for cerclage placement and higher odds for preterm birth. Disaggregating AANHPI subgroups showed that Indian people had the highest odds (aOR 1.94; 95% CI, 1.82, 2.07) of cervical insufficiency and had significantly higher odds of cerclage without increased odds of preterm birth; Southeast Asian people had the highest odds of preterm birth. Conclusion: Within a large, diverse population-based cohort, non-Hispanic Black people experienced the highest rates of cervical insufficiency, and among those with cervical insufficiency, had among the highest rates of cerclage and preterm birth. Among AANHPI subgroups specifically, Indian people had the highest rates of cervical insufficiency and cerclage placement, without increased rates of preterm birth; Southeast Asian people had the highest rates of preterm birth, without increased rates of cerclage. Disaggregating AANHPI subgroups identifies important differences in obstetric risk factors and outcomes.

Heteronormative geographies and other sexual practices in rural Haryana, India

Kinship patterns and caste structures have a significant effect on Indian people’s lives. Rural Haryana has a strong caste-based kinship system organised around a heteronormative narrative that shapes associated societal and cultural values. This narrative centres on heterosexual marriage, which is arranged within the rules of kinship patterns. Such marital arrangements are viewed as the only space in which people can realise their sexual desires. This article aims to understand the diverse practices of people in rural Haryana that subvert this narrative to realise their sexual desires. The study adopted an ethnographic approach, using casual conversations as a data source to understand how sexuality is practised in rural areas under a strong kinship structure. In the paper, we argue that while the practices documented may seem subversive and countervailing, they contribute to concretising and maintaining the dominant social structure.

A pilot study of virtual Harm Reduction Talking Circles for American Indian and Alaska Native adults with alcohol use disorder.

Prior research suggests that culturally aligned, accessible and lower-barrier interventions are well-placed to align with the needs of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Taking into account community members' suggestions and the need for physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic, our team developed a protocol for virtual Harm Reduction Talking Circles (HaRTC) to incorporate these points. The aims of this 8-week, single-arm pilot were to initially document feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes associated with attendance at virtual HaRTC, which integrates the accessibility of virtual connection, a lower-barrier harm-reduction approach, and a culturally aligned intervention. Participants (N = 51) were AI/AN people with AUD (current or in remission) across 41 Tribal affiliations and 25 US states. After a baseline interview, participants were invited to attend 8, weekly virtual HaRTC sessions. At the baseline, midpoint and post-test assessments, we collected data on virtual HaRTC acceptability, cultural connectedness, quality of life, and alcohol outcomes. Of the 123 people approached, 63% were interested in and consented to participation. Participants attended an average of 2.1 (SD = 2.02) virtual HaRTC sessions, with 64% of participants attending at least one. On a scale from 1 to 10, participants rated the virtual HaRTC as highly acceptable (M = 9.3, SD = 1.9), effective (M = 8.4, SD = 2.9), culturally aligned (M = 9.2, SD = 1.5), helpful (M = 8.8, SD = 1.9), and conducted in a good way (M = 9.8, SD = 0.5). Although the single-arm study design precludes causal inferences, participants evinced statistically significant decreases in days of alcohol use and alcohol-related harm over the three timepoints. Additionally, both sense of spirituality, which is a factor of cultural connectedness, and health-related quality of life increased over time as a function of the number of HaRTC sessions attended. Virtual HaRTC shows initial feasibility and acceptability as a culturally aligned intervention for AI/AN people with AUD. Future randomized controlled trials will provide a test of the efficacy of this approach.

In India’s Democracy a Study of Political Parties: a Comparative Study of NDA Alliance and INDIA Alliance Working and Their Behavior’s

India has a democracy with numerous political parties. However, since 2014, challenging questions have arisen regarding the future of the Indian constitution. This study examines what may come next after the current NDA and INDIA alliances, and whether they will maintain their positions or be replaced by other parties. It explores whether other parties are functioning effectively and considers India's democratic model, in which democracy is meant to be a government where everyone has a share, but this is not always evident in practice. The purpose of this study is to understand the political behaviors and workings of the INDIA and NDA alliances in making India a world-level hegemonic power, and to identify what steps each should take. It exaOrigin, Role of Parties and working, NDA, INDIA, Era of Challenge, Conflict among two, Policy Making, Tenure of NDA and INDIA, Study of Leadership, Alliance members mines the roles they have played at the grassroots level and the possibility of a new party emerging in Indian politics. The study also considers whether the Indian people will continue to accept the hegemony of these alliances. It provides a comparative analysis of their workings and behaviors.

Association Between COVID-19 and Planned and Postponed Cancer Screenings Among American Indian Adults Residing in California and Oklahoma, March-December 2020.

Little is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic affected cancer screenings among American Indian people residing in California and Oklahoma, 2 states with the largest American Indian populations. We assessed rates and factors associated with cancer screenings among American Indian adults during the pandemic. From October 2020 through January 2021, we surveyed 767 American Indian adults residing in California and Oklahoma. We asked participants whether they had planned to obtain screenings for breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC) from March through December 2020 and whether screening was postponed because of COVID-19. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for factors associated with reasons for planned and postponed cancer screening. Among 395 participants eligible for breast cancer screening, 234 (59.2%) planned to obtain the screening, 127 (54.3%) of whom postponed it. Among 517 participants eligible for cervical cancer screening, 357 (69.1%) planned to obtain the screening, 115 (32.2%) of whom postponed it. Among 454 participants eligible for CRC screening, 282 (62.1%) planned to obtain CRC screening, 80 of whom (28.4%) postponed it. In multivariate analyses, women who lived with a child (vs did not) had lower odds of planning to obtain a breast cancer screening (AOR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.0). Adherence to social distancing recommendations was associated with planning to have and postponement of cervical cancer screening (AOR = 7.3; 95% CI, 0.9-58.9). Participants who received (vs did not receive) social or financial support had higher odds of planning to have CRC screening (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.9). The COVID-19 pandemic impeded completion of cancer screenings among American Indian adults. Interventions are needed to increase the intent to receive evidence-based cancer screenings among eligible American Indian adults.

Revealing the genomic diversity of North-western Indian people through 20 hypervariable genetic markers

Revealing the genomic diversity of North-western Indian people through 20 hypervariable genetic markers

Differential Privacy Protections in 2020 U.S. Decennial Census Data Do Not Impede Measurement of Racial and Ethnic Disparities.

Census data are vital to health care research but must also protect respondents' confidentiality. The 2020 decennial Census employs a new Differential Privacy framework; this study examines its effect on the accuracy of an important tool for measuring health disparities, the Bayesian Improved Surname and Geocoding (BISG) algorithm, which uses Census Block Group data to estimate race and ethnicity when self-reported data are unavailable. Using self-reported race and ethnicity data as our standard, we compared the accuracy of BISG estimates calculated using the original 2010 Census counts to the accuracy of estimates calculated using 2010 data but with 2020 Differential Privacy in place. The Differential Privacy methodology slightly decreases BISG accuracy for American Indian and Alaska Native people but has little effect for other groups, suggesting that the methodology will not impede health disparities research that employs BISG and similar methods.

Kidney Cancer Incidence among Non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native Populations in the United States, 1999 to 2020.

Non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (NH-AI/AN) people exhibit a disproportionate incidence of kidney cancer. Nationally aggregated data do not allow for a comprehensive description of regional disparities in kidney cancer incidence among NH-AI/AN communities. This study examined kidney cancer incidence rates and trends among NH-AI/AN compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations by geographic region. Using the United States Cancer Statistics American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) Incidence Analytic Database, age-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000) of kidney cancers for NH-AI/AN and NHW people for the years 2011 to 2020 combined using surveillance, epidemiology, and end Results (SEER)∗stat software. Analyses were restricted to non-Hispanic individuals living in purchased/referred care delivery area (PRCDA) counties. Average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and trends (1999-2019) were estimated using Joinpoint regression analyses. Rates of kidney cancer incidence were higher among NH-AI/AN compared with NHW persons in the United States overall and in five of six regions. Kidney cancer incidence rates also varied by region, sex, age, and stage of diagnosis. Between 1999 and 2019, trends in kidney cancer rates significantly increased among NH-AI/AN males (AAPC = 2.7%) and females (AAPC = 2.4%). The largest increases were observed for NH-AI/AN males and females aged less than 50 years and those diagnosed with localized-stage disease. Study findings highlight growing disparities in kidney cancer incidence rates between NH-AI/AN and NHW populations. Differences in geographic region, sex, and stage highlight the opportunities to decrease the prevalence of kidney cancer risk factors and improve access to preventive care.

Ethnic disparities in quality of diabetes care in Scotland: A national cohort study.

The aim of this study is to compare quality of diabetes care in people with type 2 diabetes by ethnicity, in Scotland. Using a linked national diabetes registry, we included 162,122 people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 2009 and 2018. We compared receipt of nine guideline indicated processes of care in the first-year post-diabetes diagnosis using logistic regression, comparing eight ethnicity groups to the White group. We compared annual receipt of HbA1c and eye screening during the entire follow-up using generalised linear mixed effects. All analyses adjusted for confounders. Receipt of diabetes care was lower in other ethnic groups compared to White people in the first-year post-diagnosis. Differences were most pronounced for people in the: African, Caribbean or Black; Indian; and other ethnicity groups for almost all processes of care. For example, compared to White people, odds of HbA1c monitoring were: 44% lower in African, Caribbean or Black people (OR 0.56 [95% CI 0.48, 0.66]); 47% lower in Indian people (OR 0.53 [95% CI 0.47, 0.61]); and 50% lower in people in the other ethnicity group (OR 0.50 [95% CI 0.46, 0.58]). Odds of receipt of eye screening were 30%-40% lower in most ethnic groups compared to the White group. During median 5 year follow-up, differences in HbA1c monitoring and eye screening largely persisted, but attenuated slightly for the former. There are marked ethnic disparities in routine diabetes care in Scotland in the short- and medium-term following diabetes diagnosis. Further investigation is needed to establish and effectively address the underlying reasons.

Freedom Inc.: Gendered Capitalism in New Indian Literature and Culture: A Response

Abstract This essay is a response to Mukti Mangharam’s book Freedom Inc: Gendered Capitalism in New Indian Literature and Culture. The essay commends Mangharam’s intervention in reading the gender, caste, and class implications of neoliberalism embraced by the Indian government and people. Drawing upon Mangharam’s main arguments, this essay extends her analysis to examining the role of the Indian diaspora in promoting Freedom Inc’s narrative, the increased marginalization and precarity faced by Muslims within this new India, and the insidious ways in which Freedom Inc coopts narratives that critique it.