Indian Mythology Research Articles

Admit Mistake Take Respect (AMTR): Human Resource and Organizational Behaviour Lessons from Indian Mythological King Ravan

Purpose: In the present dynamic scientific and business environment, there is a corresponding rapid change in human lifestyle. People have become selfish and materialistic. Leaders who are distinguished professionals in the world outside are in fact corrupted inside. The researcher’s paper takes a look at how Admit Mistake Take Respect (AMTR) rings an alarm bell towards better and opens the door to an opportunity to make things right at the workplace. The researcher’s paper also throws light on how it works and how to recharge at the workplace if one tries it as his/her daily menu. Consequently, relating mythological themes & management with the present-day materialistic world is not easy. The existing research links and contextualizes the concepts of AMTR through the king of Lanka to human resource & organizational behavior with the ancient Indian texts. Objectives: The researchers have set the following primary objectives and the current study investigates 3 broad research questions: (1) To evaluate Ramayan's character Ravan stimulates AMTR. (2) To examine the need for why to AMTR from Ravan to the workplace. (3) To identify AMTR's impact on human resources and organizational behaviour. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is established on both secondary & primary evidence. Hypotheses are identified for the various variables selected and analyzed to prove or disprove the same without any errors. Findings/Result: There were stimulating virtue leadership behaviours through the emperor of Lanka and the villain of Ramayana. Also, there was an AMTR of Anti-Hero, Ravana to human resource & organizational behaviour with the ancient Indian texts. Research Limitations/Implications: In the current research an effort has been made by the researchers to comprehend the research gap in the area hence a conceptual idea is proposed and the research goes further to advance significance to discover the degree of relationship to evaluate Ramayan character Ravan stimulates AMTR behaviour showing high moral standards (constructive leadership behaviours). Originality/New Knowledge/Interpretation/Value: Many of the earlier studies have proved that Indian mythology has an innate meaning than basic good and evil. There is an intriguing narrative at every turn if one is willing to go deep. Ravana depicted a villain, but it's crucial to understand why he chose to do so. Actually, the goal was to balance the forces of good and evil. It is understandable why he is still revered in some areas of the world. Ravana is often looked down upon as an evil character in the Ramayana. But nobody can be really classified as completely black or white. Like every other mortal, Ravana also had shades of grey. But none of us can ever disagree the fact that he was the most dexterous character in the epic as well. Hence, this study helps in concluding that, a comparative look at AMTR behaviour makes Ravana the most interesting Ramayana character ever and offers perceptiveness into human resource & organizational behaviour with the ancient Indian texts. Paper Type: The study is based on both secondary & primary evidence.

Unlocking the Wisdom: Temples and Shrines as Catalysts for Consciousness

The present work examines the importance of Indian temples and shrines as a means to shape consciousness and perceive profound wisdom. The paper addresses the history, the symbolism, and the architecture of the structures, with a focus on their influence on spiritual and philosophical aspects. The research questions include but are not limited to the following: how do the temples and shrines influence cognitive abilities and consciousness? What is the significance, in terms of symbolism and architecture, of the structures mentioned above? What are the ways in which the rituals and ceremonies performed in those temples implement the ancient wisdom in the context of modern practices? The key findings demonstrate the fact that temples and shrines act as mediums to the divine, enforcing introspection, meditation, and spiritual development. Their peculiar symbolism and architecture, which has its origin in the ancient scriptures, mirror the deepest philosophy and reveal profound knowledge. Together with that, these holy places promote the process of social integration and cultural interchange as temples are the focal point of any community. It is achieved through the application of Indian mythology and scriptures in temple rituals, which beneficial effect on personal growth and spiritual development cannot be overestimated. At that, the pilgrimage to these sacred sites contributes to personal growth, developing spiritual awareness and engaging with higher consciousness. Overall, by interacting with temples and shrines, participating in sacred rituals, meditation and private reflection, people can discover ancient wisdom and engage with their consciousness and get to know their true selves. In other words, temples and shrines are pivotal agents of consciousness that facilitate the accumulation of knowledge and spiritual development.

OCEAN Model from Ramayana Characters

Purpose: This research paper is a thought-provoking blend of management, science and mythology. The researcher elucidates how OCEAN traits to Professional and psychology students with the help of characters from Ramayana. The outcome of the research assists individual personalities to discover them as well as to understand basic individual differences. Objectives: The researchers have established the undermentioned primary objectives and the present study investigates 2 broad research questions: (1) To identify the personality of Ramayana characters and its spectrum. (2) To interpret characters from Ramayana to explain the OCEAN Model. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on both secondary & primary evidence. Hypotheses are stated for the various variables selected and scrutinized to prove or disprove the same without any errors. Findings/Result: The study found correlations between personality traits & OCEAN from Ramayana characters to individuals with the ancient Indian texts. As much as all individuals behave differently in different situations, our behavioural reactions can be clubbed into traits as similar reactions throughout ages and cultures. To conclude, we can say that each one of us is uniquely different yet distinctively similar as well. Research Limitations/Implications: In the current research an attempt is made by the researchers to comprehend the research gap in the area hence a conceptual idea is proposed and the research goes further to advance significance to discover the degree of relationship to interpret characters from Ramayana to explain OCEAN model. Originality/New Knowledge/Interpretation/Value: Many of the earlier studies have proved that the soul of Indian Mythology is beyond simple good and evil. If one cares to dive deep, there’s an attention-grabbing story at each and every step. Psychologists explain this by segregating personality into a private and public persona. Private is the ‘real’ inner person, while public is the way that the individual profiles themselves to the outside world. We may be confident and outgoing in some circumstances and less sure of ourselves and more retiring in other situations. A case where a shy reserved person joins an organization but eventually becomes an arrogant and stubborn boss. This fits the explanation of how our personalities differ situationally. Paper Type: The study is based on both secondary & primary evidence. There are many characters in the Ramayana, with each one having good and bad qualities. Many characters are alike in intelligence but differ in their ethical characteristics. Hence, researchers have put their effort into giving intelligence ratings as well as ethical ratings to the major characters in the research. However, this is not a definitive list.

Reimagining the Myth of Ahalya: A Feminist Reading of Nandini Sahu’s Poem Ahalya’s Waiting

In the last two decades of the new millennium, as far as Indian Writing in English is concerned, the focus has shifted from the mainstream characters to the marginal figures of the Indian epics which is evinced by a renewed interest in Indian mythology through numerous retellings in the recent past. These retellings are unique in the sense that the focus is mainly on women and marginalized characters thereby offering fresh perspectives of interrogation and interpretation and also foregrounding new sensibilities in the process. Hence, in the recent times, more specifically from a women-centric perspective, appropriations and reworkings of the central women characters from two prominent Indian epics, that is, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, can be observed in the form of folk songs by rural women as well as by women writers attempting to dissect the traditional narratives from a feminist perspective.
 In the quest of understanding the experiences and values that shape the collective consciousness of a given society, epics serve as an important tool of exploration as they continue to hold influence over the masses even today. Additionally, epics continue to form an important part of the cultural domain, and hence, all such appropriations serve a very specific purpose among many vis-à-vis tapping into the potential of traditional narratives to act as a resource in so far as understanding and interrogating gender politics and dominant ideologies and at the same time offering subsequent corrective measures is concerned.
 ‘Ahalya’s Waiting’, a poem by Professor Nandini Sahu, then, seeks to embark upon two important projects, that is to unravel and interrogate the gender politics and offer alternative sites of resistance against the dominant ideologies that continue to impinge upon the aspirations of women even today. The poem features in her anthology of poems titled A Song, Half and Half (2022). Moreover, the poem portrays not only the unjust treatment Ahalya is subjected to after she has been deceitfully seduced and raped by Indra and her subsequent metamorphosis into a stone owing to the curse by her husband sage Gautama but also concerns itself with her assertion of self and claiming subjectivity as its central theme.

Team Collaboration Vs Team Competition: Pandavas Vs Kauravas - A Literature Evidence from Kurukshetra (Mahabharata) War

Purpose: Mahabharata is an epic war described in poetic form, an integral part of Indian mythology. While a full-blown war of such a colossal scale in an ancient time of around 3000 B.C. is intriguing for the civilizations today, the first war involving almost every contemporary major economy of the world whose horrors survived for generations, giving ramifications to date is in itself a “lesson learnt hard way”. The main purpose of this paper is to reflect on the management lessons based on Indian traditions. In this paper, the researchers discuss team collaboration vs. team competition between two cousins of Mahabharta the Pandavas and the Kauravas and to bring literature evidence of why the Kauravas lost the Mahabharata war despite having the best-in-class warriors and a larger army. Objective: The researchers have set the following main objectives and the present study investigates 3 wide-ranging research questions: (1) To recognize team collaboration and team competition characters from the Mahabharata War. (2) To assess the reasons why Kauravas, lose the Mahabharata War. (3) To evaluate which team effectiveness model is best for collaboration & and competition. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on secondary data and available shreds of evidence. The hypotheses have been stated for the selected variables and were investigated to prove or disprove the same without any errors. Findings/Results: The researchers draw lessons from the epic story and highlight the great war of Mahabharata is no doubt an epic war, described perfectly which gives numerous lessons on every nook and corner. In the complex scenario, when the Kauravas were in crisis, they often tended to rush into decisions without proper reflection and demonstrated an inability to decide based on subtle, intangible, and often very vital elements like emotion, intuition, and spiritual discernment. At the same time, the Pandavas team's effectiveness and setting the stage for great performance are very much needed in teams to work together successfully. In the end, researchers consider these factors, to have an edge in Mahabharata War. Research Limitations/Implications: Further the fact that the battle between the Pandavas and the Kauravas was already battled, the decision had been made and concluded before it even began, as revealed by Shri Krishna in his Visvarupa to Arjuna, the reason that Kauravas lost was basically due to an act of deceptive stupidity which can be traced back to one crucial event. Originality/New Knowledge/Interpretation/Value: Thus, it can be aforesaid that if we apply the finest practices of the Mahabharata War to the finest practices of Management, we might have renewed associate and can function better in the coming years and make the organization & team glance and perform better in the years to come. Paper Type: The study is based on secondary data and available shreds of evidence.

A Critical Study of Draupadi in Disguise in Context to Power Dynamics

Intention and purpose shape an individual’s actions and their results. Social, political, and some personal reasons compel people to disguise their identity. A disguised person begins living in a new form by adopting the respective occupation, name, or fake identity. However, the masked identity could be a temporary solution to problems because it is extremely difficult to hide one’s true identity. True identity reflects one’s principles, ethics, and dispositions. Indian mythology narrates a plethora of cases where Hindu deities or men metamorphose their real identities to serve their purpose. The Mahabharata-the Indian epic also records some such incidents when its characters are bound to act in disguise. However, their intention and purpose justify their actions. Nevertheless, hiding their true identity puts them in a vulnerable position. In VirataParva, we see the five Pandavas along with their common wife Draupadi spend one year at Matsya Kingdom in disguise due to their political tussle with their cousins Kauravas. They adopted different forms and occupations. Draupadi’s disguised identity caused her to work as a maid to the queen of the kingdom. This raises certain questions: By adopting the role, did she face any difficulty as a woman of low rank? How did she deal with the new circumstances? This paper aims to study Draupadi’s character in a new light to the specific narrative in disguise.

Mythology, Cosmogonies, and Indian Science Fiction

This paper examines the cultural significance of the intersection between Indian mythology, cosmogonies, and science fiction. India has a rich history of diverse religious traditions and corresponding world views, many of which have influenced each other. The Hindu pantheon has included the Sun from early times. With the planets also gaining in importance after the rise of astrology, the need to predict their paths saw the development of astronomical observations and spherical trigonometry. These serve as examples of how scientific and religious ideas have interacted throughout Indian history. Despite a strong tradition of fiction in India, there is a lack of science fiction that combines elements of mythology and astronomy except in superficial ways. This paper explores the potential reasons for this gap and argues that an examination of this genre can offer insight into the ways in which science and religion are perceived and valued in contemporary Indian society. The paper also offers a commentary on the current state of Indian science fiction that blends mythology and astronomy

REPRESENTATION OF ANIMAL MOTIFS IN INDIAN ART: AN OVERVIEW

The relation between human and animals and its association in our daily activity is unavoidable. From its representation as a visual element in calendar art to the logo design for a brand, animals are the most viewed object in literary and art works. They play a very important role in understating the ecological efficacies to create an organised equilibrium in the nature. The notion of adopting animals as visual images has age old tradition in Indian mythology in prominent, which enriches the sacred texts of Hindu beliefs with narratives of greater wisdom and values through the characters like Hanuman-Monkey God as one of such portrayal. The projections of presenting animal motifs in our art and culture infuse a sense of respect for the animals which crowns the Indian Art tradition from ancient to present time. The paper explores the presence of animals as visual motifs in the chronological development of Indian art in understanding the role of animals in our culture and tradition.

Five Factor Taxonomy of Personality Traits & OCEAN Model from Mahabharata Characters

Purpose: The research paper is an interesting blend of management, science, and mythology. The researcher explains how traits to Professional & Psychology students with the help of characters from Mahabharata. The outcome of the research helps individual personalities to discover them as well as to understand basic individual differences. Objectives: The researchers have set the following primary objectives and the current study investigates 2 broad research questions: (1) To identify the personality of Mahabharata characters and its spectrum. (2) To interpret characters from Mahabharata to explain OCEAN Model. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on both secondary & primary evidence. Hypotheses are stated for the various variables selected and analyzed to prove or disprove the same without any errors. Findings/Result: There were correlations between personality traits & Big Five Factors from Mahabharata characters to individuals with the ancient Indian texts. As much as individuals behave differently in different situations, our behavioural reactions can be clubbed into traits as similar reactions across ages and cultures. To conclude, we can say that each one of us is uniquely different yet distinctively similar as well. Research Limitations/Implications: In the present research an attempt is made by the researchers to understand the research gap in the area hence a conceptual idea is proposed and the research goes further to advance significance to discover the degree of relationship to interpret characters from Mahabharata to explain OCEAN model. Originality/New Knowledge/Interpretation/Value: Many of the earlier studies have proved the soul of Indian mythology is beyond simple good and evil. If one cares to dig deep, there’s an interesting story at each and every step. Psychologists explain this by segregating personality into a private and public persona. Private is the ‘real’ inner person, while public is the way that the individual presents themselves to the outside world. We may be confident and outgoing in some situations and less sure of ourselves and more retiring in other situations. A case where a shy reserved person joins an organization but eventually becomes an arrogant and stubborn boss. This fits the explanation of how our personalities differ situationally. Paper Type: An exploratory study is based on both secondary & primary evidence.

Stimulating Constructive and Destructive Leadership Behaviours through the Emperor of Lanka and Villain of Ramayana

Purpose: All are kings. But some follow rules and some break rules. The question is why? Ram and Krishna act for the benefit of others, the larger group. Ravan and Duryodhan are more interested in their glory even if their respective kingdoms are destroyed. On a parallel track, it constantly distinguishes Durga, the symbol of social status, from Shakti, the inner power - physical and mental prowess. On exemplifying positive and negative leadership through Ram, Ravan, Krishna and Duryodhan. The journey towards leadership is a journey from ‘me’ to ‘we’. Thus, linking mythological themes & management with the present-day materialistic world is not easy. The present research links and contextualizes the concepts of virtue & vice leadership behaviours and personality types through the king of Lanka to business and management with the ancient Indian texts. Objectives: The researchers have set the following primary objectives and the current study investigates 2 broad research questions: (1) To evaluate Ramayan's character Ravan stimulates constructive and destructive leadership behaviours. (2) To identify the personality type (MBTI) of the Anti-Hero, Ravana. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on both secondary & primary evidence. Hypotheses are stated for the various variables selected and analyzed to prove or disprove the same without any errors. Findings/Result: There were stimulating virtue and vice leadership behaviours through the emperor of Lanka and the villain of Ramayana. Also, there was a personality type (MBTI) of Anti-Hero, Ravana to business and management with the ancient Indian texts. Research Limitations/Implications: In the present research an attempt is made by the researchers to understand the research gap in the area hence a conceptual idea is proposed and the research goes further to advance significance to discover the degree of relationship to evaluate Ramayan character Ravan stimulates behaviours showing high moral standards (constructive leadership behaviours ) & bad behaviours (destructive leadership behaviours) & to identify personality type (MBTI) of Anti-Hero, Ravana. Originality/New Knowledge/Interpretation/Value: Many of the earlier studies have proved that, Indian mythology has a deeper meaning than basic good and evil. There is an intriguing narrative at every turn, if one is willing to go deep. Ravana portrayed a villain, but it's crucial to understand why he chose to do so. Actually, the goal was to balance the forces of good and evil. It is understandable why he is still revered in some areas of the world. Ravana is often looked down upon as an evil character in the Ramayana. But nobody can be really classified as completely black or white. Like every other mortal, Ravana also had shades of grey. But none of us can ever deny the fact that he was the most dexterous character in the epic as well. Hence, this study helps in concluding that, a comparative look at virtue and vice leadership behaviours and personality type makes Ravana the most interesting Ramayana character ever and offers insight into business and management with the ancient Indian texts. Paper Type: The study is based on both secondary & primary evidence.

The Six Tudes for Today’s Dudes: Attitude, Aptitude, Altitude, Magnitude, Solitude, and Gratitude (A3MSG) from Character Sketch of Mahabharata & Ramayana

Purpose: Indian mythology is a rich and alluring tapestry of ancient tales, gods, and goddesses, as well as epic conflicts that have influenced the nation's cultural and spiritual environment for millennia. Investigating these fictitious worlds provides a window into the rich symbolism and wisdom ingrained in Indian culture. The researcher explores Indian Mythology in this study and offers a collection of the six greatest Indian Mythology tales for modern males. The publication provides a portal for young people to a cosmos teeming with Gods, heroes, demons, and Divine sages, ranging from the age-old stories of the Mahabharata and Ramayana to lesser-known folklore & regional mythology. Prepare to embark on a mesmerizing journey through the six tudes for today's dudes A3MSG from character sketch of Mahabharata & Ramayana. Objective: The researchers have set the following primary objectives and the current study investigates 2 broad research questions: 1. To identify the persona behaviours from the character sketch of Mahabharata & Ramayana. 2. To evaluate Attitude, Aptitude, Altitude, Magnitude, Solitude, and Gratitude (A3MSG) from the character sketch of Mahabharata & Ramayana. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is supported by both primary and secondary evidence. The hypotheses are presented for the chosen variables, and they are then examined to support or refute them without making any mistakes. Findings/Results: The researcher identifies A3MSG play relations and all these were related to character sketches of Mahabharata & Ramayana & there were significant relationships observed for persona behaviour development like self-awareness, self-esteem, emotional issues, thinking patterns & handling emotions. Research Limitations/Implications: A3MSG are crucial aspects of the human psyche that have an impact on learning, performance, behaviour, and how one adjusts to their environment. Tudes talk about how we do things; while A3MSG indicates the things we are capable of doing. Therefore, A3MSG, are a highly effective tool for our job performance, our successful integration and our well-being within a team when they are correctly designed. Contrary to popular belief, employers nowadays are not simply searching for talents. They frequently seek out steady-minded, career-focused people who "understand their own path" and "know what they want in a career." Companies "recruit for A3MSG and "train for skills," according to a common saying. A3MSG directly affects how individuals function and perform at work. A3MSG are equally crucial to succeeding in a certain area. It is the proper blending of the two inherited and acquired traits that go hand in hand in defining the wins and losses in a person's life and help shape the progression of one's life in a varied nation like India. Originality/New Knowledge/Interpretation/Value: In the current study, the researchers make an effort to comprehend the research gap in the field; as a result, a comparative conceptual idea is proposed. The study then goes further to demonstrate the significance of learning the degree of relationship between A3MSG from a character sketch of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. The study contributes to the conclusion that a comparison of A3MSG provides an understanding of Persona and Hindu Mythologies. There are a few connections that may be made between Hindu mythologies and Persona. As a result, it can be argued that if we apply the best practices of Hindu mythologies to the best practices of persona, we will have new companions and be able to function better in the upcoming years. We will also be able to improve how millennia appear and work in organizations in the years to come. Paper Type: The study is based on both secondary & primary evidence.

The Learnings of OCB and Employees’ Psychology from Indian Mythological Tales - An Empirical Study

Organizational Citizenship Behavior has been premeditated by various distinguished scholars and managerial connoisseurs for the last few decades. Be it Dennis Organ who disseminated the theory in 1988 or any other well-known academician, the interrogation of how much volunteerism is too much volunteerism always triumphs. The concerned study purposes to afford a lucid view of the various potentials that an employee must possess to underwrite willingly to the organization. The study also furnishes investigated primary data to accept/reject its hypotheses. The research article affords minuscule niceties regarding the central perceptions of OCB. It also aims to retort the various characteristics of emotional interactive personalities in human beings through applied Indian mythology so that an evocative supposition can be accomplished on employee volunteerism.

Folk Media and Social Development: A Study on Bhaona and Chhau Performing Arts

With a major share of the world’s population residing in developing countries and about 70% of it residing in rural areas, mass media always had a wide scope to participate in and enhance social development and welfare programs. However high rate of illiteracy, poverty and limited access to mass media, etc. have posed a big challenge for mass media to permeate through lower strata of the society. Numerous studies reveal that these media do not have the necessary influence in terms of inspiring change and development.However, folk media has demonstrated its superiority in forging ties and fostering affinities in the communities as evident from studies done across the globe.
 In this study we have aimed at studying the impact of two performing art styles- Bhaona and Chhau on social development. The ritualistic theatrical performances- Bhaona and Chhau, both having roots in Indian Mythology and folklore are integral part of the social construct of the Assamese and tribal communities of West Bengal and Odisha respectively. This study attempts to explore the cultural facets of the Bhaonaand Chhau through a variety of aesthetic fields. And further analyse how these folk media disciplines helped shape the societies in the past and how they may be preserved and applied to help a specific region grow in the future.

DISABILITY IN INDIAN MYTHOLOGY: A POSTMODERN STUDY

DISABILITY IN INDIAN MYTHOLOGY: A POSTMODERN STUDY

How Not to Play an Indian Mythic: Raji: A Modern Fantasy

AbstractThe current paper analyses the video game Raji: An Ancient Epic (Nodding Head Games 2020) to determine the accuracy of its representation of historical Indian experiences, in the domains of architecture, aesthetics, spatiality, technology, and so on. The ludic elements of the game, including weapon or enemy design and their compatibility with reflecting an Indian ethos in video game mechanisms have also been discussed. The treatment of Indian mythology is extensively explored, with an eye to locating its space in Indian mythic tradition. Through an analysis of narrative storytelling in the game, aspects such as the foregrounding of a female protagonist and the apparent progressive feminist attitude of the game have been scrutinised. The sociocultural depiction of India and its implications and contexts relating to contemporary understanding of the space of the subcontinent has also been taken into consideration. A careful study of the game within the contemporary post‐colonial discourse constitutes a part of the article. We also undertake a comparative study with another Indian mythic video game, Unrest (Pyrodactyl 2014), to better understand the issues surrounding the treatment of mythic and historical elements. The article both contemplates the missed opportunities and future potentials, for example, in terms of more nuanced and accurate representation and the balance between ludic execution and representational possibilities, as experienced in the ludo‐narrative experience offered by the game.

Making Dents in the Paradigm of a Perfect Wife: Parvati’s Negotiations with Patriarchy in Indian Mythology

Pārvatī is a fascinating figure in Indian mythology and generally what stands out is her absolute love for Śiva who, too, could not ignore her. Popular folklore reiterates the notion of their timeless love and rituals concretize it. Purāṇas do mention her as a goddess of mountains in her own right, but her character gets principally demarcated by her closeness to her husband, Śiva, for whom she could die to avenge humiliation meted out to him by her father in her Satī form. Subsequently, she was reborn as Pārvatī to seek that proximity again. Historically if she was a mother goddess in her own right, we are curious to know how her cult got amalgamated within that of Śiva. Purāṇas give us clues about this process of assimilation and in the course raise a litany of issues that we would attempt to answer in our paper.

Concept of the 'Ideal Woman': A Critical Study Through The Female Characters of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's The Forest of Enchantments

In Indian mythology there have been several female characters, whohave played prominent roles. They were women who had sacrificedgreatly to be idealized. An ideal woman is the one who is a perfectdaughter, following her parents' wishes; a perfect wife, obeying andfollowing her husband; a perfect mother, looking after her children.Throughout her life she hardly questions the oppression she suffered.She is the upholder of “culture” and its preservation is her duty andmakes sure that her daughter and daughter-in-law learn it from her. Inthe great epic, Ramayana, we come across several women characterswho are considered as ideal woman, good, meek, long suffering andbearing everything silently. However, in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's“The Forest of Enchantment” we see Sita in a different light and alsoother sides of an ideal woman. Although she suffers throughout thenovel but she has a voice and firmly puts her thoughts. The novelistsuccessfully brings new meaning to the concept of an ideal woman.

ABSTRACTION IN REFLECTION BY KISHAN MEENA: TANTRISM IN VISUALS (THE SOUL OF WATER)

The thinking of the modern artists created a vision of looking at artwork and new subjects in a new way. As a result, abstract art emerged as a feature of modern art. The artists present abstract art with his different perspective and medium. Photography is a modern and fast medium that is able to present the artist's thinking in a different way. Fine arts photography presents the viewer by shaping the artist's vision. The artist uses photography as a medium to create his own ideas. Photography has presented Tantra art as well by providing a visual look with modernity and digitally as well. Indian artists like Ajit Mukherjee, S.H. Raza, Biren De and Sohan Qadri have visually presented Indian mythology through painting as tantra art. We are going to talk about an artist Kishan Meena who took his Photography on another level of modernity in the Digital era. He has introduced the art of Tantra in the form of abstract art with the method of Digital photography and has nurtured the cycle of life through it.

“Born to Two Mothers, The Hero Bhagiratha”: Understanding Homosexuality in Indian Mythology

Indian mythology has several narratives of homosexuality and homoeroticism but the narratives were often seen as taboo and were being marginalized for decades. With the advancement of time, the interpretation of the same ancient tales has upturned because of the modern scholars and comic artists who inverted the perspective of seeing the culture in India from a pessimistic turn to an optimistic one.

THE FUNCTIONS OF GODDESS LAKSHMI

Lakshmi is one of the most important deities in Hinduism. She is considered the household goddess, meaning she is the most important deity to families, is always present in the home and is worshiped daily. The purpose of this article is to study the functions of the Goddess Lakshmi, who plays an important role in Indian mythology and Hinduism.