Indian Leaders Research Articles

NEP 2020 - Opportunities and Challenges

One of the primary human life processes is education. In a biological sense, life depends on these essential important activities. Decent living is dependent on education. Without it, the person would not be able to live a meaningful life and would not be necessary to others. People get respect and acclaim with their educational background. The achievement of one's full potential, the creation of a fair and just society, and the promotion of national growth are all impacted by it, making it crucial for both social and personal lives. Indian leadership on the international arena in terms of social justice economic development, equality, and national cohesion is due to the country's ongoing rise in offering global access to better education quality. The “National Education Policy” (NEP), 2020 is GoI’s first education policy for the 21st century

ENGLISH EDUCATION IN BRITISH INDIA: THE STRATEGIC ADOPTION AND POSITIONING OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SCHOOLS

This article analyses British ventures for English education in the Indian subcontinent which had signified the inevitable relevance of English language both for education policy and practice. Looking at the phenomena in pre-19th century context, English language was introduced in the subcontinent for the sake of training Indian interpreters who could also act as mediators between other Indians and the British officers of East India Company. During 19th century, after establishing their rule over the Indian subcontinent, English education was being used as a vehicle of colonial enlightenment. Those were times when English language was introduced as a taught subject side by side with vernacular subjects in schools. While early 20th century had witnessed demands for educational change from within and from without, English language had sustained its status as a compulsory taught subject in schools even as a part of the suggested revisions in education system of the subcontinent. Based on primary data evidence from the public record files of the then Ministry of Education and of Education Commissions, conferences, etc. comprising of British officers and educated Indian leaders, this article provides a significant insight into why and how the British official vision for strategising English language in the mainstream school education of the subcontinent was being carried out.

Wings of Fire: A Fascinating Journey from the Local to the Global

Wings of Fire is an autobiography of APJ Abdul Kalam. It portrays the story of Kalam, who later became an accomplished scientist who led India’s efforts towards developing missiles and conducting space exploration. This paper examines Kalam's life story as a fascinating example of a shift from the local to the universal and explores how Kalam's upbringing and schooling in a small hamlet influenced his ideals and way of thinking, as well as how he later rose to prominence in India's scientific and technological community. The study also examines Kalam's involvement in promoting education and renewable energy in India, in addition to his contributions to the advancement of missile and space technology. It also shows how Kalam's story is representative of India's broader story of becoming a world leader in science and technology. Additionally, it might look at how Kalam's leadership and principles affected others and motivated a generation of scientists and leaders in India and beyond. Finally, the piece may be concluded by discussing the lessons that can be drawn from Kalam's journey, and how they can be applied to promote social and economic growth in other contexts.

Factors affecting Strategies for Charismatic Leadership: An Empirical Investigation

The strategies for charismatic leadership are influenced by a number of things in India. Charismatic leaders must be aware of and respectful of these differences in order to effectively connect with their followers given the country's wide variety of languages, faiths, and cultural practices. Additionally, given the inequalities in income between urban and rural areas as well as India's varied levels of development, it is important to establish customized policies that take into account the various demands and ambitions of various social groups.Charismatic leaders are required to navigate complicated power dynamics, forge alliances, and successfully express their ideas in India's dynamic political environment, which is formed by its democratic system in order to win support and sway public opinion.Additionally, charismatic leaders must use technology platforms to reach a wider audience and engage with them more successfully due to India's expanding digital connectivity. Strategies for charismatic leadership are greatly influenced by the historical and cultural context. In order to inspire and mobilize people towards a common vision, charismatic leaders in India must consider the nation's cultural variety, socioeconomic conditions, political climate, technical breakthroughs, and historical background.

PORTRAYAL OF THE US PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN PAKISTANI AND INDIAN MAINSTREAM NEWSPAPERS: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF DAILY DAWN AND THE HINDUSTAN TIMES

This research paper primarily aimed to explore portrayal of the US presidential election through lenses of quantitative content analysis in the leading mainstream elite newspapers of Pakistan and India. This study has been theoretically linked with media conformity and agenda setting theories. It was found that the newspapers of both the countries published the presidential elections according to their national interest and government foreign policies as the Pakistani government and leaders was in the favor of Hillary Clinton and the Indian leaders and government was in the favor of Donald Trump during the campaign of presidential elections. The results also indicated that the Daily Hindustan Times has given more favorable coverage to the Republican Party candidate i.e. Donald Trump whereas Daily Dawn has published more favorable coverage to the Democratic Party candidate i.e. Hillary Clinton. We can conclude from the discussion that media conformity theory is very much supported according to the finding of the research. Keywords: the US presidential election, Republican Political Party, Democratic Party, Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, Daily Dawn, The Hindustan Times, Media Conformity Theory.

An action-reaction cycle in the Sino-Indian rivalry?

ABSTRACT The Sino-Indian rivalry traces its origins to the founding of each state in the late 1940s. Over the past decade Indian concerns over Chinese activities in South Asia have significantly increased. While New Delhi has sought to counter Beijing in South Asia, a key question is to what extent has China responded to India in the same region? Do we find evidence of a tit-for-tat rivalry escalation process in South Asia where both China and India are actively trying to counter each other? The central argument in this article is that China is not actively engaging in a direct form of rivalry reciprocity with India. While certain activities by Beijing in the region are designed to enhance Chinese influence and power, there is less evidence that these are a direct response to India. This is in contrast to New Delhi’s behavior in the region where we do find evidence of Indian leaders directly responding to China. This articles’ main contribution is to demonstrate that maintenance in asymmetrical positional rivalries does not require clearly identifiable points of escalation, or follow a linear path of a tit-for-tat action-reaction cycle.

Anti-Colonial Discourse as Geopolitics :

Scholars often view anti-colonialism as litle more than moral rhetoric in which former colonised states question the West by employing narratives of historic victimisation and marginalisation. While this moral messaging has shaped aspects of post-colonial foreign policy, anti-colonialism is rarely appreciated as a tool of geopolitical practice. This article applies theories of critical geopolitics to argue that anti-colonialism was and is a unique geopolitical strategy allowing formerly colonized states to re-balance centers of political, economic, and military power from historically colonising states to the colonised states. Importantly, anti-colonialism is a geopolitical alternative to territorially defined, Westphalian concepts such as sovereignty and the anarchic international system of states. India has historically maintained a leading role in elucidating and employing anti-colonialism as a geopolitical framework and this article explores four sub-themes of this framework: autochthonous freedom, Pan-Asianism, non-violence, and non-alignment. Each of these sub-themes is explored by examining the geopolitical discourse of Indian leaders through the lens of critical geopolitics, which argues that geography is not objective fact but contested history. Through these sub-themes, Indian leaders have used anti-colonialism as a geopolitical tool to challenge existing power-territory structures to rebalance global power in favor of the formerly colonized world.

ELEMENTS OF PEACE EDUCATION IN GANDHIAN THOUGHT AND ITS RELEVANCE IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020

In the present situation peace education is a very important part of our life. Peace education is the process of acquiring some values, knowledge, and developing attitudes, skill, and harmony with one another. It helps people to resolve conflict peacefully or create a peaceful society. Gandhiji is one of the greatest leaders in India who has been associated with peace and non-violence. So, we will always remember Gandhiji as a symbol of peace and non-violence. Everyone wants to live a peaceful and happy life and be able to resolve conflicts. But we each come from different backgrounds and we are influenced by our family, friends, and community. Gandhiji started the Satyagraha movement not only for Indian independence but also for solving all the conflicts in human life. Gandhiji thought that there is no entity in the world without truth because peace and love are achieved through the real truth. This ideology of Gandhiji now has a special effect on the social and personal life of the individual. The main factors of peace education according to Gandhiji are Non-violence, truth, internal growth and stability, goodwill, equality, change of negative attitude, the law of love, avoiding conflict, inherent goodness, etc. These factors play a vital role in peaceful living in a society which is the main objective of National Education Policy 2020 administered by the Govt. of India. National Education Policy 2020 has also described various issues like Justice, Equality, liberty respect for others, democratic spirit, respect for public property, responsibility, cleanliness, the spirit of service, etc. which are deeply influenced by the thoughts and ideas of Gandhiji. . So, the present study seeks to analyze the concept of peace education and the elements of Peace Education in Gandhian thought and its relevance in Contemporary Society, with special reference to National Education Policy 2020. The study was qualitative in approach and data were collected from secondary sources i.e. different types of edited books, newspapers, articles, and journals. KEYWORDS: Mahatma Gandhi, Peace, Non-Violence, Truth, Peace Education.

ИНДИЯ — ПОИСКИ ВНЕШНЕПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КУРСА

In January 2023, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared that the world is in crisis and called for a summit of more than 120 developing and less developed countries comprising the Global South with the goal of creating a new world order. Until recently, India has been able to maintain neutrality in her relations with Russia. As for China, there are unresolved problems with this country, especially the protracted border conflict. India is concerned with China’s growing power. Current world developments, including those in Asia and Ukraine, resulted in an invitation to N. Modi to come to the US with a state visit in June 2023 to ‘celebrate the enduring friendship’ between the two countries. The invitation stated that the US looked forward to continuing to work with India to build a brighter future for both countries and for the world. The expectations for this visit were based on the assumption that India was an important power that could counter China’s growing economic and military influence. US – India relations in the XXI century will be critical for the whole world. During his talks with Modi, Biden underscored the importance Quad, which includes USA, India, Japan, and Australia and is aimed at limiting China’s influence and outreach. Modi stated that the New Delhi – Washington relations were stronger and deeper than ever before and prior to his state visit he said that there was ‘unprecedented trust’ between the leaders of India and the US.

India’s Semicondactor Policy Amidst Geopolitical Turbulence

The article discusses the state of India’s semiconductor and microelectronics policy at the present stage. Today the semiconductor industry is key to the technological progress of any state, and even more so India, which seeks to enter the list of the world's leading powers. Since the mid-20th century, the Indian leadership has been trying to develop science at home, building up human resources in vitally important areas for the country. At the initial stage, the developing state relied on the technology imports, while limiting foreign participation in strategic industries. Yet since the late 1980s and especially since 1991, the government began to liberalize the economy, gradually removing previous restrictions on foreign investment and actively engaging in international cooperation in the most promising areas. Modi's coming to power marked a new period of Indian innovation development. The coronavirus pandemic as well as the growing geopolitical standoff between the US and China, have provided additional incentive to India’s industrialization in critical fields, including semiconductors. In turn, the establishment of a Semiconductor Mission in 2022 and the measures introduced by the government should help strengthen the country's technological sovereignty. As the study shows, the late start of reforms and the country’s catching-up development will prevent India from becoming globally competitive. In the short run, the only two promising sectors are chip design and assembly, testing, marking and packaging; while in other fields, Indians are likely to expand the geography of both fabless and production complexes, though limiting themselves to meeting the state’s basic needs.

Rājarshi —The Ideal of Indian Leadership

Rājarshi —The Ideal of Indian Leadership

Sceptre & the Principles of Indian Leadership

Sceptre & the Principles of Indian Leadership

Role of Soft Power in India’s Foreign Policy

The article focuses on power and its ramifications which has always been the central point in all security studies in international relations. Power is a crucial element of international relations that influences world affairs. As a result, power plays a significant role in foreign policy formulation. Realism is the dominant theory of international relations, and it revolves around the concept of power. Power can come in a variety of forms and implies the capacity to influence others to do what one wants. There are two types of power: hard power and soft power. These two types of power influence international politics, security, economy, and foreign policy. Whereas hard power derives from a country’s military or economic might, soft power derives from the attractiveness of its culture, political ideals, and policies. In international relations, soft power is just as important as hard power. This paper argues that soft power is one dimension of power that refers to one’s ability to persuade others to do something. Different countries place a high value on soft power in today’s international politics. In international relations, the concept of soft power discourse emerged in the early 1990s. This article also argues that foreign policy of a country consists of self-interest strategies. It contains a general objective that guides the activities and relationship of one state in its interaction with other states. This paper intends to explain and analyze India’s foreign policy on the ideas of friendly relations, international cooperation, and peaceful coexistence among all nations, regardless of their political systems. Maintaining national security, advancing democracy, fostering world peace, providing aid, and establishing open trade are the main objectives of India’s foreign policy. The purpose of this paper is to theorize the dynamics of soft power in international relations and to analyze India’s soft power potential. In recent years soft power has become an important tool for governments to achieve their foreign policy goals. India, a country with rich sources of soft power, has made great efforts to use this capacity to achieve its foreign policy goals. Among Indian leaders Narendra Modi has paid considerable attention to the capacity of soft power in India’s foreign policy.

Feminism in Periyar's View

Periyar, an Unparalleled Humanist in the Twentieth Century. Earlier his life and philanthropic spirit got trapped in the darkness of intense ignorance and later it brought light to the society to dispel the ignorance of the people. He condemned God, religion, caste, ritual and formality and he root out superstitions. Although many leaders in India emerged to save women from the sufferings, periyar’s ideals were great. Ever since the dawn of human society, men have dominated women in one way or another. Chastity, morals, education, property rights, employment, choosing a life partner etc. in all these things women should have equal rights to men. This article explains that men and women must be treated equally and both should not be superior or inferior. Also, Periyar was a rational thinker all these things in 20 years which would have been taken twenty centuries.

Fear and Betrayal: Smallpox and the Turning Point of the French and Indian War

Fear and BetrayalSmallpox and the Turning Point of the French and Indian War John Booss (bio) The Indians fear nothing so much as this disease …. —Louis Antoine de Bougainville, Adventures in the Wilderness It is in the nature of great events, as Francis Parkman has said, to obscure the great events that came before them.1 The American Revolution has greatly eclipsed the French and Indian War in the popular imagination and in scholarly attention; yet, it has been called "The War That Made America."2 In this article, I examine the French and Indian War in which the two great colonizing powers, France and England, grappled for control of the North American continent.3 For Indigenous peoples, the conflict threatened their lands, their way [End Page 246] of life, and their very existence. In 1758 the Moravian minister Christian Post was told by Delaware Indian leaders that "you and the French contrived the war, to waste the Indians between you; and that you and the French intend to divide the land between you."4 The focus here is on the role of an outbreak of smallpox in the turning of the tide, or in marking the turning point from French and Indian victories to English dominance and ultimate triumph. I examine a smallpox outbreak among the Native allies of the French between August 1757 and the start of 1758. As suggested by my use of "turning point," the war can be split into two periods: the first, in which the French and their Indian allies predominated, from 1754 to 1757; and the second, in which the British predominated and ultimately prevailed, from 1758 to 1760. A major cause of the turn of the tide was the infection by smallpox of Indians from the upper Great Lakes region (Pays d'en Haut) following the siege of Fort William Henry on Lake George in August 1757. The infection was carried by the Indians back to their home villages and caused a massive outbreak and, subsequently, devastating mortality. The consequent refusal of the Indians of the Pays d'en Haut to join the French in their campaign of 1758 ensued. The role of smallpox in the participation by Amerindian allies of the French has been studied by D. Peter MacLeod.5 He examined reports of the annual number of Indians serving with the French and determined that smallpox was critical to decisions about whether the Indians would participate in the annual campaigns. He noted that the fluctuations of the numbers of Indian warriors were "of limited significance to the outcome of the war." His concern was the "political independence and freedom of action of the Indians."6 I examine the refusal of the Indians from the Pays d'en Haut to participate in the campaign of 1758 as a consequence of the smallpox epidemic in their villages, which had resulted from exposure during the campaign for Fort William Henry in 1757. Modifying MacLeod's conclusion, I contend that their refusal, subsequent to the outbreak of smallpox, was a critical component in the turning point of the war. The explicit connection between smallpox brought from the campaign for Fort William Henry and the turning point of the war does not appear to have been previously developed in detail. In contrast to the highly focused role of a smallpox outbreak in the French and Indian War, historians have recorded the massive effects of smallpox on other conflicts in the New [End Page 247] World. Smallpox epidemics played a major role in bringing down the Aztec and Inca cultures in Mexico and Peru, respectively.7 The role of smallpox in the defeat of the Aztec empire by the Spaniards and Indigenous allies in 1519–21 at Tenochtitlan was so dramatic that William H. McNeil began his epochal book Plagues and Peoples with that "extraordinary story."8 He later stated, "Clearly if smallpox had not come when it did, the Spanish victory could not have been achieved in Mexico."9 Alfred W. Crosby opened his 1967 paper titled "Conquistador y Pestilencia: The First New World Pandemic and the Fall of the Great Indian Empires" with the assertion, "The most sensational military conflicts in all history...

Factors associated with general self-efficacy of women leaders in India

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to examine the impact of both work and non-work domain contextual factors (family support, workplace social support, mentoring support, networking and visible assignment) on the general self-efficacy (GSE) of women leaders in India. Also, we tried to explore whether GSE is connected to women leaders' career aspirations.Design/methodology/approachThis is a survey-based study where data was collected and analysed from 145 women leaders working in a large public sector organisation in India.FindingsResults suggest that except for workplace social support, all other factors have a significant positive impact on the GSE of women leaders. GSE is also significantly associated with women leaders' career aspirations.Originality/valueUniqueness of the article is that we have empirically tested the enablers and deterrents of women leadership in the GSE context, taking note of both work and non-work domains of women leaders. The implications of the results for women's leadership development have been detailed.

The role of recontextualization and socialization practices in transferring corporate values from a small Norwegian IT company to an Indian subsidiary

Companies that nurture a shared corporate culture based on specific corporate values can improve their performance. However, when companies expand globally, communicating and transferring these values can be challenging, particularly when there are significant linguistic and cultural differences. This qualitative study examined the case of a small Norwegian IT company that has put its two corporate values at the core of its activity, and how these values were transferred to a subsidiary in India. Drawing on the concept of recontextualization and socialization theory, the study investigates the following: (1) how the corporate values were transferred, recontextualized and renegotiated in the Indian subsidiary; (2) how those values were implemented through a set of socialization mechanisms. Our main findings reveal how the Indian leaders actively recontextualized the values into prevailing cultural practices in India, and how senior employees were engaged in the value transfer process. Moreover, this article outlines how a small company without a formal HR department and with no expatriates to guide the process can use soft control mechanisms related to more formalized and structured HR practices to implement the headquarters’ values. Additionally, the article discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.

The RLDS Church, Global Denominations, and Globalization: Why the Study of Denominations Still Matters

The RLDS Church, Global Denominations, and Globalization: Why the Study of Denominations Still Matters

A Miskitu Critique of British Trade Practices

A Miskitu Critique of British Trade Practices

СОВЕТСКО-ИНДИЙСКИЙ КУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ОБМЕН В 1954 – 1960 ГГ. НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЭСТРАДЫ

Cultural exchange in 1954 - 1960 played an important role in the formation of Soviet-Indian cooperation. Adhering to the principles of "pancha shila", the Soviet leadership used the strategy of "soft power" to expand its own influence in Asian countries. The exchange of creative teams and individual performers laid the foundation for building cultural relations between the USSR and India in the future. Closer contacts in the period under review were established between circus, theatrical art and dance ensembles. Spectators from both countries had the opportunity to get to know the intangible cultural heritage of the USSR and India, which, in turn, formed a positive impression on the public. Without official agreements, the exchange was carried out during the period under review on the basis of mutual interest, thanks to the initiative of the USSR leadership, closer interaction was carried out, contacts were expanded in the cultural sphere. Consideration of the issue of the place of variety art in the Soviet-Indian cultural exchange makes it possible to determine the features of the process, identify problematic components, in particular, the reluctance to expand the geography of exchanges and the increase in the cost of organizing tours by the Indian leadership. Nevertheless, the Soviet side sought to use this channel to promote the Soviet way of life, deliberately investing heavily in the implementation of plans for cultural interaction with India.