Indian Institute Of Technology Kanpur Research Articles

Design and characterization of a low-speed aeroacoustic wind-tunnel research facility at IIT Kanpur

This work presents the design and characterization of a state-of-the-art low-speed aeroacoustic wind-tunnel at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), which is a newly commissioned research facility for the experimental study of flow-induced noise generated from bodies placed in a flow field. This open-circuit, open-jet suction facility which is unique to IITK, is also the first aeroacoustic wind-tunnel in India. The facility is powered by large centrifugal fan of 75 KW rating which is controlled through a variable frequency drive. To achieve a low background noise, carefully designed parallel baffle mufflers (PBMs) are placed at the fan inlet and outlet. The inlet silencer is connected to lined diffuser and a bell-mouth collector which opens in a fully anechoic chamber made from metallic wedges, and its internal dimensions are 3.5 m × 3.5 m × 3 m. The chamber can provide a reflection-free environment beyond 250 Hz. A smooth contraction-nozzle of ratio 10:1 whose profile follows a fourth-order spline, and a settling-chamber with honeycombs and flow-screens is placed on the other side of the anechoic chamber. The test-section of size 600 mm × 600 mm is attached to the exit plane of the nozzle, and can provide flow speeds up to 45 m/s, where the maximum turbulence intensity was less than 1%.

First person – Akanksha Onkar

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Akanksha Onkar is first author on ‘ Increase in brain glycogen levels ameliorates Huntington's disease phenotype and rescues neurodegeneration in Drosophila’, published in DMM. Akanksha conducted the research described in this article while a Ph.D. scholar in Dr S. Ganesh's lab at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India. She is now a postdoctoral researcher in the lab of Dr Adrian Erlebacher at University of California San Francisco, investigating the moonlighting roles of carbohydrates in normal physiology and disease states.

Heritage entrepreneurship: Cultural and creative pursuits in business management. By VanessaRatten (Ed.), Palgrave Studies in Global Entrepreneurship. ISBN 978‐981‐19‐5148‐0, ISBN 978‐981‐19‐5149‐7 (eBook), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5149-7

Thunderbird International Business ReviewEarly View BOOK REVIEW Heritage entrepreneurship: Cultural and creative pursuits in business management. By Vanessa Ratten (Ed.), Palgrave Studies in Global Entrepreneurship. ISBN 978-981-19-5148-0, ISBN 978-981-19-5149-7 (eBook), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5149-7 Deepak Kumar, Corresponding Author Deepak Kumar [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-8358 Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia Correspondence Deepak Kumar, PS1 217, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Deepak Kumar, Corresponding Author Deepak Kumar [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-8358 Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia Correspondence Deepak Kumar, PS1 217, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 29 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.22345Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society IMaRC2021 at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India, 17–19 December 2021 [Conference Report

Presents information on the above named conference.

“Advances in Carbon Capture and Utilization”

“Advances in Carbon Capture and Utilization” is a multi-author book that is edited by Deepak Pant, Ashok Kumar Nadda, Kamal Kishore Pant and Avinash Kumar Agarwal and published by Springer.

JCISE Editorial – August 2022

JCISE Editorial – August 2022

Air Pollution in New Delhi during Late Winter: An Overview of a Group of Campaign Studies Focusing on Composition and Sources

In recent times, a significant number of studies on the composition and sources of fine particulate matters and volatile organic compounds have been carried out over Delhi, either initiated by or in association with the researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), in collaboration with researchers from within and outside India. All these studies utilized highly time-resolved, campaign-mode observations made with state-of-the-art instrumentation during the late winter months (mid-January to March) of 2018. Individually, each of these studies were rigorous in nature, containing explicit detailing about different types of ambient air pollutants in Delhi such as organic aerosols, inorganic elements, metals, carbonaceous aerosols, and volatile organic compounds. This study consolidates the extremely useful knowledge on source attribution of these air pollutants in the Delhi National Capital Region currently contained in these fragmented studies, which is vital to further enhancing our understanding of composition, characteristics, and sources of air pollutants over Delhi, as well as to designing appropriate mitigation measures tailored to local specifics.

First person – Jaya Kumari

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Biology Open, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Jaya Kumari is first author on ‘ Developmental expression patterns of toolkit genes in male accessory gland of Drosophila parallels those of mammalian prostate’, published in BiO. Jaya conducted the research described in this article while a graduate student in Pradip Sinha's lab at the Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India. Jaya is currently an early-career postdoc in the lab of Pradip Sinha, investigating development and carcinogenesis in Drosophila organs with squamous epithelial cells.

Historical land cover classification from CORONA imagery using convolutional neural networks and geometric moments

ABSTRACT Historical CORONA imagery, a very high-resolution panchromatic imagery captured during 1960-72, has a lot of unexplored potentials to represent the land cover of the pre-Landsat era. This pre-Landsat land cover can be a valuable input to many long-term environmental modelling problems. While automated binary change detection and multi-class classification by manual photo-interpretation have been the two most popular applications of CORONA imagery, automated multi-class classification of CORONA imagery has not been explored. In this research, we propose two supervised classification methods capable of extracting spatial features for the classification of CORONA imagery. The first method utilizes two-dimensional convolutional neural networks (2D-CNN) for classification, whereas the second method involves stacking the CORONA imagery with its texture features obtained through geometric moments (GM) and performing pixel-wise classification using the random forest (RF) classifier and is termed as GM-RF. The proposed methods are tested on two study sites – the critical zone observatory (CZO) managed by the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh (India) and a site near Chhapra in Bihar (India). For estimating the capabilities of the proposed methods and to compare the proposed methods with other methods, overall accuracy and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (k) along with z-scores statistics are used. The effects of various hyperparameters (e.g. percentage of training data, patch size, order of geometric moments) on accuracy are also evaluated. The classification accuracies achieved through the 2D-CNN and GM-RF method in terms of ĸ are higher than 90% for both study sites indicating that the proposed methods can classify CORONA imagery with little domain knowledge about the study areas, and hence can be used in a variety of applications.

Facial blemishes detection and encryption with secure force algorithm into HCC2D code for biometric-passport

ABSTRACT A biometric passport includes demographic information and biometric details. It contains some applications that are currently and probable concerning national security such as frontier protection, illegal immigration, criminals, terrorists, and fake passport. Over the fifteen years, most of the countries have adopted biometric-passports based on International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Machine Readable Travel Documents (MRTD) standardization. However, the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system contains a threat scenario that exists in privacy violation issues such as identity theft, data leakage threats, host listing, and tracking. To overcome these issues, this paper proposed a face recognition based on facial blemishes detection and encrypted into the High Capacity Color 2-Dimensional (HCC2D) code for biometric passport security. This includes facial blemishes features detection to generate the template and encrypted by applying the Secure Force (SF) algorithm to secure biometric information. Facial blemishes are detected by applying the Active Appearance Model (AAM) using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Canny edge detector with Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) detection algorithm. The proposed technique attained a 93.06% accuracy level for the dataset Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK). This technique will enhance biometric passport security to protect the biometric information from an intruder.

Biometric Passport for National Security Using Multibiometrics and Encrypted Biometric Data Encoded in the QR Code

An e-passport contains the personal and biometric information of a person. It has some current and possible applications relating to national security and law enforcement such as border security, illegal immigration, terrorism, criminals, fake passport, and so on. In the past decade, a number of countries have implemented the e-passport based on Machine Readable Travel Documents (MRTD) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standardization. However, there is a threat scenario in the privacy infringement problem due to Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) such as data leakage threats, identity theft, tracking, and host listing. In this article, a multimodal biometric, secure encrypted data and encrypted biometric encoded in the Quick Response Code (QR code) based e-passport authentication method is proposed for national security application. Further, Personal information and biometric data are encrypted by applying the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) 256 algorithm. More specifically, face recognition based on facial marks size detection and hand geometry detection is used for a biometric passport to enhance and secure the authentication level. The proposed method achieved an accuracy level of 92% for IITK (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur) dataset, an accuracy level of 93% for FEI (Fundação Educacional Inaciana) dataset in mark size detection and an accuracy level of 96.67% achieved in the hand geometry detection.

Bioinspired Oxidative Cleavage of Aliphatic C–C Bonds Utilizing Aerial Oxygen by Nickel Acireductone Dioxygenase Mimics

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Raja Angamuthu from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. The cover image shows the oxidative cleavage of aliphatic C–C bonds of the acireductone model substrate bound to the nickel(II) center. The scissors point to the C–C bonds that are cleaved.

HICF: A MATLAB PACKAGE FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION AND FUSION FOR EDUCATIONAL LEARNING AND RESEARCH

Abstract. A significant surge has been observed with the development and research in remote sensing in recent years for hyperspectral applications in Earth observation. Subsequently, the development of software and tools have also experienced an unprecedented rise, both in research as well as in academia. Although commercial software and tools such as ENVI by ITT Visual Information Solutions, Boulder, CO, USA are available for visualizing and analyzing the hyperspectral images, such software are expensive. Some open source toolboxes such as the MATLAB-based Hyperspectral Image Analysis Toolbox (HIAT) are also available. However, mostly these toolboxes have not been packaged for dissemination and operation without the MATLAB software which is commercial. In this paper, we introduce the Hyperspectral Image Classification and Fusion (HICF) package which is being developed at the Geoinformatics laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK) in MATLAB that can be used by standalone installation with an open source supplementary MATLAB compiler. This software is intended to provide a collection of algorithms both conventional and those developed at the Geoinformatics laboratory that utilizes the numerical computing capability of MATLAB for the processing of hyperspectral and multispectral imagery. The HICF software comprises a simple design of the graphical user interface which can be efficiently used particularly for academic purposes.

Vertical Structure and Radiative Forcing of Monsoon Clouds Over Kanpur During the 2016 INCOMPASS Field Campaign

AbstractAn overview of cloud vertical structure (CVS) and cloud radiative forcing (CRF) during Indian summer monsoon is obtained over Kanpur, through observations made during the Interaction of Convective Organisation and Monsoon Precipitation, Atmosphere, Surface and Sea field campaign of 2016. Associations of CVS parameters with CRF at surface and top of atmosphere (TOA) are also investigated. One hundred thirty‐seven radiosondes were launched at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, between 5 and 28 July 2016. CVS is determined using an algorithm that identifies cloud layers from vertical profiles of relative humidity, with altitude‐dependent relative humidity thresholds. CVS is analyzed by separating the campaign period on the basis of presence and absence of depressions/low‐pressure systems. Compared to nondepression periods, low‐pressure events showed significant difference in all CVS and CRF parameters except cloud top height. CVS was multilayered in ∼75% launches, with deep, mixed‐phase clouds being present in ∼70% launches. CRF was calculated from clear‐sky measurements and TOA observations from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System satellite retrievals, and surface measurements. A net cooling effect was found overall, with instantaneous shortwave CRF (mean values of −95.92 and −101.89 W/m2 at surface and TOA, respectively) dominating longwave cloud radiative forcing (LWCRF) (mean values of 15.33 and 66.55 W/m2 at surface and TOA, respectively). Results suggest that shortwave CRF depends on total depth of cloud layers and is independent of cloud altitude, whereas LWCRF depends on both depth and vertical location of cloud layers, with base and top heights regulating LWCRF at surface and TOA, respectively.

Isotopic characterization and thermal neutron flux determination of a PuBe neutron source

The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur) possesses a PuBe neutron source facility with an initial activity of 5 Ci, dated September 1966 (nearly 50 years ago). An understanding of the present activity and the rate of its change will allow implementation of proper radiological safety procedures and future radiological safety planning. Knowing the absolute neutron flux will help us in future neutron activation studies. These details are also important to ensure proper security precautions. In our work, we attempt to identify the isotopic composition to determine the rate of change of the source and the absolute thermal neutron flux of plutonium beryllium (PuBe) sample at IIT Kanpur. We have used gamma-ray spectroscopy for determining the isotopic composition of the PuBe neutron source. After utilizing gamma-ray spectroscopy it is found that the source is composed of 239Pu and a small amount of 241Am is present as an impurity. The mass ratio of 241Am to 239Pu is found to be approximately 18.1µg/g with an uncertainty of 1.39%. Delayed gamma neutron activation analysis (DGNAA) is used to determine the thermal neutron flux of the same PuBe neutron source using copper, cobalt, nickel and cadmium samples. The average thermal neutron flux as calculated from DGNAA is approximately 1.27×103n/(cm2-s) at 1cm above the PuBe neutron source.

Socioeconomic Patterning of Cardiovascular Disease and its Risk Factors among Indians: A Systematic Review of Literature

International Journal of Medicine and Public Health,2017,7,1,01-17.DOI:10.5530/ijmedph.2017.1.1Published:March 2017Type:Systematic ReviewSocioeconomic Patterning of Cardiovascular Disease and its Risk Factors among Indians: A Systematic Review of LiteratureArti Singh, and Shikha Dixit Arti Singh1* and Shikha Dixit2 1Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, INDIA. 2Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, INDIA.Abstract:Objective: To investigate the socioeconomic patterning of cardiovascular disease (CVD), its mortality and associated risk factors in the Indian population. Methods: Studies conducted on Indian population between January 1992 and the second week of April 2015 satisfying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. PubMed, Ebscohost, Google scholar and Google were searched for CVD prevalence, CVD mortality and its six risk factors (alcohol, tobacco, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and sedentary lifestyle w.r.t. socioeconomic status (SES)). Result: 3, 550, 404 participants and 1, 71, 657 households were studied though 72 selected studies. Of these 13, 31, 23, 20, 21 and 16 articles investigated alcohol, tobacco, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and sedentary lifestyle, respectively, and 11 studies investigated the trend of CVD and its mortality w.r.t. to SES. Higher SES is found to be positively associated with hypertension, diabetes, obesity and sedentary lifestyle, whereas lower SES is found to be positively associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption only. No consensus has been found among studies over socioeconomic patterning of CVD, but the burden of its mortality has been found to be positively associated with lower SES. Conclusion: Even after 25 years of liberalisation of the Indian economy, the association between the CVD and SES is still positive. Rich people are getting more affected by CVD risk factors, but the burden of CVD mortality lies with poor people who cannot afford expensive drugs and interventional treatment. Poor healthcare facilities, high out-of-pocket expenditure and not-so-favourable policies are adversely affecting the CVD health of the weaker sections of India. Keywords:Cardiovascular (CVD) diseases, CVD risk factors, India, Socioeconomic disparity/inequalityView:PDF (712.13 KB) Full Text

Heterometallic [Cu2Ln3] (Ln = DyIII, GdIII and HoIII) and [Cu4Ln2] (Ln = DyIII and HoIII) Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetism

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Vadapalli Chandrasekhar from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India, in collaboration with the group of Paul Kögerler from RWTH Aachen University, Germany. The cover image shows a pentanuclear and a hexanuclear Cu/Ln complex with unprecedented structural topology.

Luminescent Silver-Purine Double Helicate: Synthesis, Self-Assembly and Antibacterial Action.

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Sandeep Verma from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. The cover picture shows the release of silver ions from silver-purine double helicate assembly that exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201600293.

Factories, Microbes and Biotechnology

In the last fortnight, microcellular organisms have found themselves at the centre of yet another strategic piece of scientific engineering dealing with lights and optics. In a parallel approach, a team of scientists led by Deepak from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IIT-K), have utilized yeast cultures as templates for constructing micro lenses which can enhance the performance of organic Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

Longitudinal parameter estimation from real flight data of unmanned cropped delta flat plate configuration

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the longitudinal aerodynamic characterization of an unmanned cropped delta configuration from real flight data. In order to perform this task an unmanned configuration with cropped delta planform and rectangular cross-section has been designed, fabricated, instrumented and flight tested at flight laboratory in Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), India. Design/methodology/approach – As a part of flight test program a real flight database, through various maneuvers, have been generated for the designed unmanned configuration. A dedicated flight data acquisition system, capable of onboard logging and telemetry to ground station, has been used to record the flight data during these flight test experiments. In order to identify the systematic errors in the measurements, the generated flight data has been processed through data compatibility check. Findings – It is observed from the flight path reconstruction that the obtained biases are negligible and the scale factors are almost close to unity. The linear aerodynamic model along with maximum likelihood and least-square methods have been used to perform the parameter estimation from the obtained compatible flight data. The lower values of Cramer-Rao bounds obtained for various parameters has shown significant confidence in the estimated parameters using maximum likelihood method. In order to validate the aerodynamic model used and to increase the confidence in the estimated parameters a proof-of-match exercise has been carried out. Originality/value – The entire work presented is original and all the experiments have been carried out in Flight laboratory of IITK.