Biometric Passport for National Security Using Multibiometrics and Encrypted Biometric Data Encoded in the QR Code

Abstract

An e-passport contains the personal and biometric information of a person. It has some current and possible applications relating to national security and law enforcement such as border security, illegal immigration, terrorism, criminals, fake passport, and so on. In the past decade, a number of countries have implemented the e-passport based on Machine Readable Travel Documents (MRTD) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standardization. However, there is a threat scenario in the privacy infringement problem due to Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) such as data leakage threats, identity theft, tracking, and host listing. In this article, a multimodal biometric, secure encrypted data and encrypted biometric encoded in the Quick Response Code (QR code) based e-passport authentication method is proposed for national security application. Further, Personal information and biometric data are encrypted by applying the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) 256 algorithm. More specifically, face recognition based on facial marks size detection and hand geometry detection is used for a biometric passport to enhance and secure the authentication level. The proposed method achieved an accuracy level of 92% for IITK (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur) dataset, an accuracy level of 93% for FEI (Fundação Educacional Inaciana) dataset in mark size detection and an accuracy level of 96.67% achieved in the hand geometry detection.