Indian Females Research Articles

Socio-cultural distrust of internet information

We live in a globalised context due to internet communications and computing technology. Given the false or misleading information provided by some information service providers, there may be a rising distrust of internet-based material. In this paper, the goal was to evaluate the distrust of internet material, using a social demographic theoretical lens. The results of the study were fascinating, because the distrust for social media was higher than other internet communications. Males distrusted internet communications more than females. In contrast, American Indian and black females trusted internet communications more than males. The results of this study should generalise to marketing discipline practitioners such as new business product/service development and also to national policy makers.

Pain sensitivity and cardiovascular reactivity to the experimental induced cold pressor pain during different phases of menstrual cycle in young Indian females

Background: Many previous research studies have shown a higher prevalence of chronic pain conditions as well as more pain sensitivity or lesser pain thresholds (PTh) among women as compared to men. It might be related to the effect of female reproductive hormones, as these hormones produce its effect on various aspects of physiological systems. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to find the differences in the pain responses as well as cardiovascular reactivity during cold pressor test in different phases of menstrual cycle. Materials and Methods: Following physical parameters were measured in 75 apparently healthy young Indian females during the three phases of menstrual cycle and utilized for data analysis: Response to cold-induced experimental pain in the form of PTh, pain tolerance (PTo), pain rating on visual analogous scale, pulse reactivity (PRe), systolic blood pressure reactivity (SBPRe), and diastolic BPRe (DBPRe). Results: Mean PRe was significantly higher during luteal phase as compared to menstrual as well as follicular phase. Mean SBPRe and mean DBPRe were found to be significant higher during luteal phase as compared to the menstrual and follicular phase. Mean PTh and mean PTo were significantly higher during follicular phase as compared to menstrual as well as luteal phase. Conclusion: This is concluded from above findings that the pain responses vary across the menstrual cycle as shown by higher PTh and tolerance during follicular phase of menstrual cycle. The cardiovascular reactivity to cold pressor pain also varies. The hormonal fluctuation and the differences in the physiological responses, mainly autonomic nervous system reactivity due to these fluctuations, would be the underlying mechanism for these findings.

Anthropometric assessment of tibial resection surface morphology in total knee arthroplasty for tibial component design in Indian population

IntroductionAn anthropometrically well designed knee prosthesis that matches properly to the resected surface of the bone is key for long term survivorship in TKA. AimThe aim of the study was to make an anthropometric analysis at resected surfaces of proximal tibia in Indian population and to compare it with the available data of other ethnicities. Methods- CT scans of 50 subjects were used to select the tibial resection surface. The surface selection was virtually done on each tibia at 8mm off the lateral plateau using Micro Dicom system (reflecting a 10-mm surgical cut assuming a cartilage thickness of 2mm). We measured the mediolateral, middle anteroposterior, medial and lateral anteroposterior dimensions, the aspect ratio and asymmetry metrics of the resected proximal tibial surface. ResultsThe dimensions of the tibial plateau of Indian knees demonstrated significant differences according to gender (P<0.05) in terms of size. The shape parameters are not different significantly. When compared to all other ethnicities the Indian knee differs in size as well as the shape parameters i.e. Aspect ratio. ConclusionClinically relevant differences in proximal tibia morphology at the level of proximal TKA resections across ethnicities can lead to mismatch of sizes of Western TKA implants in Indian patients. Tibial component designs should be done by considering the morphometry of knee in Indian population. Indian females were found to have significant smaller dimension of tibia in terms of size than. But the impact of small sample size and single centre on study warrant a multicentric study with large sample size.

Efficacy and safety of topical depigmenting agent in healthy human fair skin female volunteers: A single-arm study.

Skin hyperpigmentation is the darkening of skin due to the increased production of melanin in the body. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a botanical-based Rosa E pigmentation serum in healthy fair skin female volunteers with wrinkles, skin tone, and pigmentation. This was a single-arm, open label study conducted in healthy Indian females; 18 subjects aged 30-55, having fair Caucasian-like skin with at least 2 dark skin pigments with facial wrinkles diagnosed by dermatologist were selected. Rosa E pigmentation serum was applied twice a day for 84 days. Effect was evaluated by (i) instrumental technique (spectrophotometer® 2600D), (ii) clinically by dermatologist regarding product efficacy (skin tone, antiwrinkle, pigmentation), and (iii) volunteers self-evaluation. The L* value of spectrophotometer reading represents lightness in the skin pigment. Reduction in the pigment was reported from day 14, with significant reductions observed till day 84 compared with baseline. Significant (P < .0001) skin pigmentation lightening was seen on day 14 (1.11) vastly improving on day 84 (1.94) based on photographic assessments. The significant reduction in skin pigment was 76.85%, Felix von Luschan skin color score was 30.24% (P < .0001) with a 7.38-fold reduction in skin tone and 57% reduction in facial wrinkles at day 84 from baseline. Rosa E pigmentation serum was found safe and effective in significant reduction in skin pigments, improvement of skin tone, and antiwrinkle properties instrumentally, clinically, and self-evaluation by volunteers. In these evaluations, best results were seen the longer the Rosa E was used.

Gender difference in color preference across cultures: An archetypal pattern modulated by a female cultural stereotype

AbstractA gender difference in color preference among British participants has been repeatedly reported, in which both males and females show a preference for blue‐green colors, while females express an additional preference for pink‐purple colors. To investigate the robustness of gender difference in color preference in a different culture, we tested 81 young adult Indians from a school of design and compared them to 80 young British students in Psychology. The 35‐item International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) and Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) questionnaires were also administered to explore possible links between personality traits, gender schemata, and color preferences. Results confirmed a gender difference in both cultures; participants collectively expressed a preference for cool over warm colors, while in addition females showed a preference for pink colors, with a warm bias for Indian females and a cool bias for British females. While these results extend gender difference to Indian culture and support the universality of an underlying pattern they also reveal a culture‐specific contribution essentially observed in females. In British participants, color preference was correlated exclusively with BSRI scores in females and overwhelmingly with IPIP scores in males; this gender‐specific pattern of correlation was not replicated in the Indian sample. Results point to an archetypal pattern of gender difference in color preference with a remarkable cross‐cultural similarity in men and a subtle but significant cultural difference in women whose origin is yet to be explained.

Prognostic significance of bone only metastasis compared to visceral metastasis in patients with carcinoma cervix treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.

Context:Carcinoma cervix is a leading cause of cancer in Indian females where 15%–60% of the cases eventually metastasize. Bone only metastasis is rare, and data on its response and survival with systemic therapy as compared to other visceral metastasis are limited.Settings and Design:The study design was a retrospective analysis.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively analyzed our data between May 2013 and April 2015 to identify the cases of bone only metastasis and visceral metastasis and tried to analyze their outcomes with paclitaxel- and carboplatin-based chemotherapy and bisphosphonates (for bone metastasis only).Results:Totally, 12 cases with bone only metastasis (Group 1) and 43 cases with visceral metastasis (Group 2) were identified. Most common sites of bone metastasis were vertebrae (66.67%) and pelvis (25%) while that of visceral metastasis was liver (44.18%) and lung (34.88%). Only 33.33% and 34.88% of cases in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively, could complete all six cycles of chemotherapy. Overall, response rates were 41.67% and 30.32% in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. Median progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) were 10 months and 14 months, respectively, in Group 1 as compared to 4 months and 9 months, respectively, in Group 2. The difference in survival was statistically significant.Statistical Analysis Used:It was carried out by SPSS software version 20.Conclusion:Bone only metastasis is a rare and distinct entity with favorable outcomes as compared to visceral metastasis. However, disease remains aggressive and poor OS emphasizing the need of further research.

Computer tomography 3D reconstruction based study of knee anthropometry of Indian population: Comparison with other ethnic groups and current TKA implants

Introduction: Most of the implants used for total knee arthroplasty in Asian patients have been produced based on anthropometry of Western people. Anthropometric studies have shown that there are significant variations in knee morphology between the Asian and Western population. Data of Indian knee morphometry of healthy and non osteoarthritic knee was lacking. Objective of this study was to study the knee anthropometry of Indian population and its comparison with other ethnic groups and current TKA Implants. Materials and Methods: 60 patients, 29 female and 31 male with peri-articlar knee injuries from the period of June 2016 to November 2016 were studied. 3D reconstruction of normal knee of the patients undergoing CT scan for injured knee was done. Measurement of the mediolateral width, anteroposterior width and aspect ratio of distal femur and proximal tibia was done. Data was compared with other ethnic groups and currently available and commonly used knee systems. Results: Indian females were found to have significantly (p>0.01) smaller dimensions of femur and tibia than Indian males and both had smaller aspect ratios than the Western population. Also study suggests that there is a morphological mismatch between commonly used implants and Indian knees. Conclusion: Our study suggests that why Western implant mismatches when implanted in Indian patients. Also this study provides definite rationale for designing total knee prosthesis, especially a gender-specific design suitable for the Indian population.

Sexual Dysfunctions and Affecting Factors in Middle Aged Indian Females

Sexual Dysfunctions and Affecting Factors in Middle Aged Indian Females

Correlation of anthropometric indices related to obesity with pulmonary function tests in north Indian females

Correlation of anthropometric indices related to obesity with pulmonary function tests in north Indian females

Comparative analysis of gender differences in outcomes after trauma in India and the USA: case for standardised coding of injury mechanisms in trauma registries

IntroductionWhile females generally have better outcomes than males after traumatic injury, higher mortality has been shown to occur in females after intentional trauma in lower-income countries. However, gender differences in...

Breast cancer risk factor evaluation in a Western Himalayan state: A case-control study and comparison with the Western World.

Context:Breast cancer incidence is increasing rapidly in India. The lifestyle, built, genetic makeup, reproductive and breastfeeding patterns are quite different in Indian females when compared to the Western population. Generalizing the Western data to the population residing in the Himalayan region would breed inaccuracies.Aim:The aim of our study was to identify risk factors in our own population in a Western Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh, India.Subjects and Methods:A case–control study with 377 cases of invasive breast cancer and 346 hospital-based controls was conducted for 1 year. The data were collected by interviewing the individuals during their visit to hospital using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using standard statistical techniques using SPSS version 17 software.Results:Factors found to have strong association with invasive breast cancer on multivariate analysis are late age at first childbirth >30 years, which is the strongest risk factor associated, late age of menopause > 50 years, high socioeconomic class, and age of female above 50 years.Conclusion:In our females, age >50 years, late age of menopause (>50 years), late age at first childbirth (>30 years), and high socioeconomic status were found to be major risk factors associated with breast cancer. Several factors implicated in the Western data were not found to be significant in our study. We need to identify such aspects in reproductive and breastfeeding patterns of women and spread awareness regarding the same.

Epidemiological Study of Thermal Burn Deaths at a Tertiary Care Centre in Mumbai, India

Background : Fire is a well-known double edged sword for human beings as it has served as well as destroyed mankind. Death due to thermal burns is burning topic all over the globe. Methods: Total 109 cases of death due to fatal thermal burns which were brought for the autopsy examination at Seth G. S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India, during the period of January 2014 to July 2015, were considered for present study. Results: Out of 1771 medico-legal post-mortem examinations done during study period 109 (6.14%) were deaths due to thermal burns. Females accounted for 92 (84.4%) cases while 17 (15.6%) were males. Maximum number of cases 49 (44.95%) were seen in 21- 30 years age group. Maximum victims 87 (79.82%) were Hindus. Urban deaths accounted 81 (74.31%) whereas 27 (24.77%) were from rural area. Kitchen was the most common place of occurrence accounting for 65 (59.63%) cases. Maximum incidences occurred in winter contributing 39 (35.78%) deaths. Maximum vulnerability was observed in early evening hours accounting for 19 (17.43%) incidences. Maximum 41 (37.61%) victims survived up to a period of 3 to 7 days. Considering the level of education, maximum victims 50 (45.87%) were educated up to primary school level. Housewives 73 (66.92%) were the most vulnerable victims. Socio-economic status shows maximum cases are from upper lower and lower middle class population. Conclusion: Considering the religion-wise population distribution in India, location of the study centre and exposure of Indian females to fire during cooking, all these results can be justified.

Etiological correlation of common urinary problems in females in a tertiary care centre in central India

Background: Urinary problems are common in female population of India which adversely affect their quality of life. Urinary problems add to chronic suffering of Indian females. The objective of this study was to find etiological correlation of common urinary problems in Indian females.Methods: This is an epidemiological study which includes all adult female patients coming to surgery and gynecology OPDs of M.Y. Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.Results: 58.4% of patients of middle age (31-55) years. Burning micturition was most common urinary complaint (86.2%) followed by lower abdominal pain (51.6%). About 66.8% of females took months or even years to take first consultation after appearance of their symptoms. 63.2% females were suffering from urinary tract infection which was confirmed by urinary culture reports. E. Coli was the most common organism causing urinary tract infection. UTI was closely correlated with urinary tract calculi &amp; low use of sanitary napkins. Only 14.6% females suffered from urinary incontinence (stress, urge, mixed). Incontinence was closely correlated with multiple deliveries. In our study about 88% of women had education level below fifth standard.Conclusions: Urinary problems are common in women of low socioeconomic society with lower education, poor urogenital hygiene and multiple births especially unassisted vaginal deliveries.

Spectrum of CT findings in gall bladder carcinoma patients in north Indian population

Background: Gallbladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and ranks fifth amongst gastrointestinal cancers. In Asia, increased frequency of gall bladder carcinoma is seen in north Indian Females. Method: A prospective study was carried out on 60 patients of gall bladder(GB) mass who were selected from OPD and wards of the hospital. CT scan of these patients was done using Siemens Somatom Emotion 6 slice machine. Results: Among the 60 patients of GB mass included in this study, 46 patients were diagnosed as gall bladder carcinoma based on the multidetector computed tomographic findings and its correlation with histopathology. Out of 46 patients 30 were females and 16 were males. Infiltrating masses were detected in 28 patients, intraluminal polypoidal masses were detected in 10 patients while eight patients presented with mural thickening of the gall bladder wall. Conclusion: We conclude that multidetector CT is the diagnostic tool of choice in the detection of gall bladder carcinoma and extension of tumour to distant sites.

Triple negative breast cancer: An Indian problem— Experience from a tertiary care oncology centre.

e12583 Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with distinct biological subtypes as determined by gene expression profiling studies. Breast cancer is most common cancer in Indian females and is believed to be biologically different from west, notably in terms of high prevalence of Triple negative subtype (TNBC). Reliable data on clinical and epidemiological profile of TNBC in Indian population is scarce. Aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical profile of TNBCs Methods: Data of 355 patients of breast cancer registered in our department between 2013 and 2015 and followed up until December 2016 was collected and reviewed for epidemiological and clinical features Results: Of total 355 patients analysed, TNBC group was most common (n = 152) (43%) followed by Luminal A (25%). Median age at disease presentation in TNBC was 42.4 years compared to overall age of 45.3 years (24–73 years). In TNBC subgroup, 48% patients presented in locally advanced and 15% in metastatic stage, more commonly in pre-menopausal patients. Overall 268 (76%) patients underwent surgery with Modified radical mastectomy being preferred surgical option (86%), followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. TNBC subgroup demonstrated low response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with only 9% of patients having complete response and 25% patients having progressive disease. Median followup was 34 months (6 50 months). Of the total recurrences (n = 19), nearly 2/3rd (n = 13) were documented in TNBC subgroup. Disease free survival (DFS) of TNBC subgroup was lower than of other luminal subtypes (p = .043) Conclusions: TNBC was the most common breast cancer subtype (43%) in Indian population which is nearly twice the rate reported in Western countries. This finding has significant clinical relevance as it may contribute to poor outcomes in Indian patients. Our study also corraborated this fact with higher prevalence of premenopausal breast cancer, poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, high recurrence rates and decreased disease free survival. Additional research is needed to understand the determinants of TNBC in India as it is a prognostic group with aggressive behaviour that commonly lack the benefit of any specific targeted therapy

A Comparative Analysis of Mental Well-Being In Relation To Employment and Marital Status among Females in Haryana Region

Marriage is a bag full of personal and social responsibilities for women in Indian context. Job is an accumulative burden on females because of highly gendered nature of domestic work in Indian families. Managing multiple roles may have an impact on the Mental Well Being of females. The present study compared the Mental Well being of working married to non working married and working unmarried to non working unmarried Indian females of age range 20-45 years using t-test as method of analysis. Previous studies provided evidence that change in job pattern may result in better Mental Health. Results of the present study also found that Mental Well Being of working females is better than non working in both married and unmarried conditions.

Racial disparities in preventable risk factors for head and neck cancer

To demonstrate racial differences in preventable risk behaviors/practices that contribute to head and neck cancer (HNCA). Cross-sectional analysis of large national risk factor survey. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 2013 was analyzed. Demographic data were extracted, including age, sex, and race. Social habits considered risk factors for HNCA were also extracted, including alcohol consumption, smoking, and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination status. Statistical comparisons were conducted according to race for each risk factor, and additional comparisons were conducted within the American Indian population subgroup for risk factors according to sex. A total of 238.6 million Americans were surveyed. American Indians reported higher rates of binge drinking (19.0%) than whites (17.3%), blacks (12.4%), and Asian Americans (13.1%; P < .001). This rate was significantly higher for American Indian males (23.5%) versus females (13.7%; P < .001). Mean total drinks per month was higher for whites and American Indians (13.5 and 13.5; P < .001). American Indians reported the highest rates of current smoking (28.1%), followed by blacks (20.1%), whites (18.3%), and Asians (10.2%; P < .001). American Indians also reported the highest rates of every day smoking (18.2%), versus whites (13.3%), blacks (13.1%), and Asians (6.1%; P < .001). Rates of HPV vaccination were lowest for American Indians (11.7%), compared to whites (14.6%), blacks (13.6%), and Asians (12%; P = 0.618). There are striking racial disparities in the prevalence of preventable risk factors for HNCA. These data highlight the need for targeted education and prevention programs in particular racial groups. 4. Laryngoscope, 127:1068-1072, 2017.

Epidemiology of breast cancer in Indian women.

Breast cancer has ranked number one cancer among Indian females with age adjusted rate as high as 25.8 per 100,000 women and mortality 12.7 per 100,000 women. Data reports from various latest national cancer registries were compared for incidence, mortality rates. The age adjusted incidence rate of carcinoma of the breast was found as high as 41 per 100,000 women for Delhi, followed by Chennai (37.9), Bangalore (34.4) and Thiruvananthapuram District (33.7). A statistically significant increase in age adjusted rate over time (1982-2014) in all the PBCRs namely Bangalore (annual percentage change: 2.84%), Barshi (1.87%), Bhopal (2.00%), Chennai (2.44%), Delhi (1.44%) and Mumbai (1.42%) was observed. Mortality-to-incidence ratio was found to be as high as 66 in rural registries whereas as low as 8 in urban registries. Besides this young age has been found as a major risk factor for breast cancer in Indian women. Breast cancer projection for India during time periods 2020 suggests the number to go as high as 1797900. Better health awareness and availability of breast cancer screening programmes and treatment facilities would cause a favorable and positive clinical picture in the country.

Coronary artery dimensions in normal Indians

BackgroundDiameter of coronary artery is an important predictor of outcome after percutaneous coronary interventions and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. There is very limited data available about coronary artery dimensions in an Indian population. AimsTo study the normal dimensions of the coronary artery segments in Indians without coronary artery disease by using quantitative coronary angiography and also to compare the dimensions in Indians with Western. Material and method229 patients who have undergone coronary angiography with entirely normal coronary angiogram were included in our study. ResultsThis study showed the diameter of vessels in males and females when taken together the left main was larger in size followed by proximal LAD, proximal RCA & proximal LCX respectively (4.08±0.44mm, 3.27±0.23mm, 3.20±0.37mm, 2.97±0.37mm).When the vessel diameter was indexed to body surface area there was no statistical difference between male and female (p value>0.05). The computed value of proximal coronary artery diameter unadjusted for individual body surface area, when compared to Caucasians showed that Caucasians have larger coronary artery dimensions than Indians. But when the proximal vessel diameter was indexed to body surface area there was no statistical significant difference between Indians and Caucasians (p value>0.05). ConclusionsWe found that coronary artery size when indexed to body surface area is not statistically different in Indian males and females and compared to Caucasians. However with a smaller body habitus Indians have smaller coronary arteries.

A body-image based media literacy intervention for Indian adolescent females

Background and purpose: Body dissatisfaction is a growing concern among young women in urbanIndia. It has been associated with the development of eating symptomatologies, stress and depression. Yet there remains a considerable gap in addressing the body image concerns of the youth. This experimental study involved designing, implementing and assessing theeffectiveness of a brief body-image based media literacy intervention with Indian adolescent females aged 12-14 years. Method: Forty nine participants from a co-educational school in Delhi were studied. It was hypothesized that the intervention would protect the experimental group from negative outcomes of exposure to idealized media images. The experimental group received a four component module on media literacy and body image. Participants in the control group engaged in a discussion on a neutral topic.State body satisfaction was assessed prior to and after the intervention. Main findings: Body satisfaction means of the experimental and control group were not significantly different prior to the intervention (t=1.004, p=.161). However a significant difference was seen after the intervention, with the experimental group reporting higher levels of body satisfaction (t=2.39, p=.010). Participants in the experimental group also showed high awareness of the artificial nature of media images. Conclusion: The study reiterates the need to spread media literacy related to beauty standards among the youth in India. One time exposure to media literacy does initiate critical thinking, although this is only the initial step in combating negative media impacts. Future directions and implications are discussed.