Indian Coin Research Articles

Fungal flora associated with indian and foreign coins and their potential health risks

Potential role of spread of pathogenic microflora on coins and currency notes has been evaluated in different countries. Notes and currency coins may serve as universal vehicles for transmission of potentially pathogenic microorganisms among persons either directly, through hand to hand contact, or indirectly, through water and food. The Purpose of study was to do qualitative and quantitative analysis of microflora associated with new and old Indian and foreign coins.
 Results of the study revealed that bacteria were present in most of the coins, more than 40% coins showed presence of fungi like Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium roseum and Trichoderma viride. Fungal species like Aspergillus niger and Fusarium roseum can cause bronchial diseases and may act as potential allergens and few of these are reported to cause skin problems. The use of digital transaction will reduce such harmful transmission of pathogenic microbes. Cleaning the coins with water or UV treatment may reduce the fungal load. But it has to be practised at regular intervals. Total 100 coins were screened of which 20 were foreign coins. Isolation from these coins resulted into 20 cultures and 6 non-sporulating mycelial forms. Oldest coins was 141 years and new coin was of the year 2015. Uncirculated Indian coin of 2003 was also tested for fungal occurrence.

COIN SORTING AND COUNTING MACHINE

The design was entitled Automatic Coin Sorting Machine for it is to sort the Indian coin denomination. This was done to be able to help different Institutions that deal with large number of coins in their daily operation. Some of these are banks, churches, charitable institutions and the transport sector. The sorting part of the design is basically mechanical as it sorts the coin through their physical size then counts them as they pass through the Arduino. An automatic coin counting and sorting machine prototype is developed by using ARDUINO-UNO as the main controller. This work included design the display panel to show total quantity of each coin and total amount. The coin acceptor has been used as it acts as coin selector to determine the denomination of coins in sorting system is designed by using DC motor to hold and distributes coin to the corresponding slot. Key Words: Denomination, coin slot, rotating plate, microcontroller

Fuzzy Power, Converter for Coin Sorting System Based on Weight, Edge

Nowadays, intelligent robot technology is extensively used in every aspect of human existence and production. To achieve automatic sorting, future development must concentrate on employing intelligent robots instead of humans. Coin sorting robots are an important research object in the field of sorting robots. This paper focuses on a machine vision (MV) sorting especially difficult application, in which the `part' is an Indian coin. The lack of distinguishing characteristics between denominations and the variation in features within a single denomination makes the application difficult in part. Even though coin recognition algorithms have been published in the literature, most applications are evaluated offline using the coins' weights. In the end, it was determined that none of these three methods achieved the desired 95% accuracy at 1000 coins per minute.

Enticing the Maoist Guerrilla – India’s Coin Strategy and Evolving Surrender and Rehabilitation Policy

Debates about the utility of different COIN models in the Indian scenario continue to evoke extreme reactions. Experts believe that Indian COIN efforts have invariably preferred trading “hearts and minds” approach with highly kinetic enemy centric tactics. It is argued that Indian security leadership feels that an enemy centric approach is best suited for Maoist insurgency, where the fear of population seceding from India is remote. India is blamed for not having a focused or a formal COIN strategy against the Maoist insurgency. It is only in the last decade that individual states have begun to harmonize their COIN responses with one another and with the Government of India (GoI) policies. A national surrender and rehabilitation policy were formulated in 2014; considered to be an important component of the new approach. Following federal guidelines, states have formulated their surrender policies. It may be myopic to assess these policies in isolation and these need to be evaluated in whole as a part of comprehensive COIN approach. The verdict till now is a mixed bag, while some states have tasted success with the scrupulous implementation of the new surrender policies, others have resorted to sham surrenders to shore up the numbers. Policies like surrender and rehabilitation can give a representative sense to the rebels that the government cares for them if they(rebels) are willing to shun the violent path. Proper implementation and timely disbursal of benefits add to the credibility of the policy and the government too. The multi-pronged approach of sustained military pressure, robust economic development program and a sensitive surrender cum rehabilitation policy stand to deliver favourable results in India’s fight against Maoist insurgency.

Analysis & Design of Feminine Napkin Delivering Machine

Nowadays ladies/girls feel shy and embarrass to get napkins in the shop. So, to avoid this trouble it is planning to design automatic napkin vending machine. The price can be preset for desired napkin value. It includes LCD displays to show available stock of napkins, product price, inserted coin value, balance required and a thank you message after each successful transaction. This machine will sense the coins is valid or not and if it is valid coins, the machine will start delivering the selected products. Electronic coin acceptor, which accepts different variants for Indian coin, have the facility for multiple insertion and also easily programmable in the field for any new coins which may be introduced at a later stage.

Case Report on Esophageal Coin Management at District Hospital

Accidental foreign body ingestion is commonly encountered in the pediatric population, with a peak incidence between the ages of six months and three years. Since the act may go unnoticed, the child may present late. Here, we report a case of an 11 year old boy who present at Lamjung District Hospital after 24 hours of ingestions of two rupee Indian coin. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time we describe a case report on coin removal at district hospital of Nepal. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 58-60

Image Based Fake Indian Coin Detection

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.

Comparison of preprocessing techniques for coin recognition using image processing methods

Coin is very important role in human’s day life. For daily routine like shop, super market, banks etc the coins to be used. The coin is important part of economies and currency and it is used to pay for goods and also for our needs. Here the Indian coin has many number of count five rupee, ten rupee, two rupee, from this any one of the coin we are going to extract the texture feature for our Indian coin, first step is to preprocess the image is that method to enhance the image and remove the noise from enhanced image. For extracting clear information the image has to be preprocessed through some of the filtering techniques such as image size has to be resized, changing the contrast of the image, changing RGB to grayscale conversion for further operation such as segmentation and classification. At last the values to be compared by using PSNR, SNR, MSE of Filter noise removal with respective coin images.

East Meets West: An East Indian Coin in the Western Colonies

In 1823, the Ontario House, a hotel and tavern, was built near Niagara Falls, Canada. In addition to providing a location for travelers and tourists to drink and lodge, Ontario House, like many other establishments, billeted soldiers when the need arose. The 2012 excavation of the midden and features of the Ontario House produced a large assemblage of artifacts including ceramics, buttons, numismatics, and military accoutrements. Of particular interest is an East Indian coin, found in the natural topsoil, which can be associated with the 67th Regiment of Foot’s brief occupation of Ontario House in 1841. This paper addresses the significance of this coin and associated finds in regards to the global movement of the regiment and the socio-political context of Ontario House within regional history.

Plasma cleaning of old Indian coin in H2–Ar atmosphere

Cleaning of old metallic coins and artifacts is done to reveal the details which otherwise are buried under a tarnished and soiled surface. A tarnished Indian coin (25 Naye Paise 1960) was cleaned in H2–Ar plasma to improve the surface details and to bring back the metallic shine. The plasma treatment was performed in an evacuated reactor with an RF powered stage with a maximum power of 50W. The original tarnished old coin became shiny and brighter after treatment in the plasma for a few hours. To understand the plasma cleaning process, various process parameters such as reactor pressure, gas flow rates and stage temperature characteristics have been studied. The ideal plasma cleaning can be achieved with 50% H2 in the pressure range of 20–100mTorr.

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An Indo-European Locution on Early Indian Coin Issues

In an article in Scottish Gaelic Studies 14 (1986): 138-41, I have studied the outcome in the Gaelic term morair, applied to the Great Steward of the king, of the inherited Indo-European syntagma for * GREAT + RULER. In an earlier note (Etudes celtiques 21 [1984]: 139), I recognized this same syntagma in the compound attested in Mediaeval Welsh mech deyrn, which must be derived from (pre-) Celtic * maksi-tegernos < *m∂g-si+teges-no-. The same syntactic phrase has been renewed in Irish, as ard-ri 'great king, High King', elaborated in ancient Greek as 'Aγα-μeμνων, and was applied to Darius in Old Persian. It is of interest to trace the fate of its Indic counterpart mahārāja on coins of this region.

The mystery of the Kalasa: A link to Bharat Natayam?

The author describes a 3rd/4th century A.D. Indian coin and suggests that the female figure portrayed on the reverse as standing by a kalasa or vase may provide a clue to the possible place of origin of the Bharat Natayam, a dance discussed by S. Soundarapandian in an earlier issue of The Mankind Quarterly. Key Words: Numismatics, Yaudheya Gana, Bharat Natayam, India. Amongst the most nicely executed bronze coins of ancient India are those of the Yaudheya Gana.1 The coins seem to have been struck during the third or fourth century A.D. and are, fortunately, relatively common. Four of them in my collection weigh 11.17, 11.5, 11.27 and 10.7 grams, a rather remarkable consistency for bronze coins of that time. Such consistency of weight is strong evidence that these coins were dependent on their copper content for their monetary value and were thus not of a flat nature. The diameters of my four coins range from 22 to 25 millimeters. The specimen weighing 11.17 grams has a diameter of 23 millimeters and can be described as follows: Obverse: Standing, facing representation of the war god Karttikeya. In his right, extended hand he holds a spear nearly as long as lic is tall. Under his left arm (also extended away from his bod; ), that is, in the lower right field, is a peacock facing toward him. Around the perimeter is an inscription in Bramhi characters transliterated as Yaudheyaganasya jayah Victory to the Yaudheya nation. Karttikeya wears an object on his head, perhaps a helmet. Reverse: Karttikeya's wife is portrayed full length. Her right arm is bent and raised, while her left hand rests on her hip. In the left field there is a vase (kalasa) containing what appears to be a plant or plants represented by three lines. In the right field is a triratna (a religious symbol) over which there are three dots. The whole design is encircled by 27 rather large dots. Illustrations and information about the coin are to be found in John Allan, A Catalogue of the Indian Coins in the British Museum, 1936, reprinted in 1967, Plate XL, nos 2-6; Centennial Publication of the American Numismatic Society, New York, 1958, Plate L no. 5.; P. L. Gupta, Coins (in the series, India - The Land and People), New Delhi, 1969 (Bhadra 1891), Plate 10, no. 101.; E. J. Rapson, The Coinage of Ancient and Medieval India, Plate III, no. 14.; John M. Rosenfield, The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans, Berkeley, 1967 No. 286; and D. C. Sircar, Studies in Indian Coins, Delhi, 1968. Plate IV, no. 20. The whole design follows somewhat the general pattern of the contemporary Kushan coinage, which, in turn, seems to have been influenced by the Roman coinage which circulated to some extent in India at that time. Sircar believes that the weight is on the 100-Rati standard. (The rati seed is reddish and about the size of a large barley seed.) What is the significance of the flower vase? …

A Note on an Early Indian Coin

The Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India for 1936–7 contains, among other interesting matter, a report by the late Mr. N. G. Majumdar on the excavation of a large and evidently important building at Lauriya Nandangarh, which seems to date from at least the second century B.C. Among the many things found here is a square leadin coin or token with the mould in which it was cast (pp. 49 f., pl. xxiv, 2–4). This bears on one side the device of the tree in rail and on the other taurine symbol surmounted by a legend in Brāhmī script of about the first century B.C., a ya ri ta sa, which Mr. Majumdar interpreted as Aya Ritasa, Pkt. corresponding to Skt. Ārya Rtasya, and meaning “Of the Honourable Rta”. He remarks that this “does not sound like a king's name …. It is thus possible that the lead piece represents a token and not a coin. Otherwise it would be hard to explain the discovery of a coin mould in the remains of religious establishment”. He thus seems inclined to regard it as a token issued by or for some religious teacher named in Skt. Rta and in Pkt. Rita.