Indian American Research Articles

Sign Language Recognition using Smart Glove

Gesture-based communication Recognition through innovation has been ignored idea even though an enormous local area can profit from it. There are more than 3% total population of the world who even can't speak or hear properly. Using hand Gesture-based communication, Every especially impaired people to communicate with each other or rest of world population. It is a way of correspondence for the rest of the world population who are neither speaking and hearing incompetency. Normal people even don't become intimate or close with sign language based communications. It's a reason become a gap between the especially impaired people & ordinary person. The previous systems of the project used to involve the concepts of image generation and emoji symbols. But the previous frameworks of a project are not affordable and not portable for the impaired person.The Main propaganda of a project has always been to interpret Indian Sign Language Standards and American Sign Language Standards and Convert gestures into voice and text, also assist the impaired person can interact with the other person from the remote location. This hand smart glove has been made with the set up with Gyroscope, Flex Sensor, ESP32 Microcontrollers/Micro bit, Accelerometer,25 LED Matrix Actuators/Output &, flex sensor, vibrator etc.

LESLIE MARMON SILKO’NUN AYİN ADLI ROMANINDA ÇOKSESLILIK, HİKAYE ANLATIMI VE DİŞİL SESİN OTORİTE YIKIMI

Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony is a Native American novel about the psychological disorder of Tayo and his ceremony for recovery through native stories and tribal ways. In the manner of magical realism, Silko incorporates native stories into the novel and presents Native American culture and stories as vital factors in the dissemination and ‘de-centralization’ of the ruling white culture. Though the main character of the novel is male, female figures, both human and mythical, play a crucial role in this dissemination because they lie at the heart of Indian American Laguna culture and stories. Spinning stories, as in Western culture, is presented as a female act and the female mythical figures in the stories play a central role in Tayo’s ceremony. Relying on Bakhtin’s idea of dialogism and the disseminating role of another’s word in authoritative discourses, this paper aims to study how the Indian American Laguna culture disseminates and decentralizes the white authoritative discourse with its stories and how another’s word emerges as feminine voice in the novel.

Jamake HIGHWATER, The Primal Mind: Vision and Reality in Indian America, New York, Harper & Row, Publishers, 1981. 234 pp., $17.50 (cloth)

Jamake HIGHWATER, The Primal Mind: Vision and Reality in Indian America, New York, Harper & Row, Publishers, 1981. 234 pp., $17.50 (cloth). An article from journal Culture (Nations amérindiennes au Canada : recherches récentes), on Érudit.

Why Black Homeowners are More Likely to be Caribbean American than African American in New York: A Theory of How Early West Indian Migrants Broke Racial Cartels in Housing

Abstract Why are the Black brownstone owners and landlords in Harlem and Brooklyn disproportionately West Indian? For students of housing discrimination, Black West Indian Americans have long presented a quandary. West Indian Americans generally own and rent higher quality housing than African Americans. These advantages began long ago. For example, when racial covenants, that is, restrictions barring certain racial and ethnic groups from owning real property were rife in New York, many West Indians were still able to buy into tony neighborhoods despite the pervasiveness of institutionalized residential segregation. Eschewing more traditional explanations in the civil rights literature, I apply the literature in which racial segregation in real property ownership is conceived as a racialized monopoly in which racial cartels appropriate anti-competitive techniques to monopolize access to real property. Maintaining a racial cartel is dependent on White owners uniformly refusing to sell. Importantly, West Indian realtors were experts at finding defectors, namely Whites willing to break norms of racial exclusivity and sell, in exchange for their ability to extract a premium. West Indian brokers could act in confidence because they had cash-rich clients and were often buying property in trust (de facto if not de jure) for fellow West Indians. In so doing, West Indian brokers in New York were simply replicating techniques that had been utilized by their land-brokering ancestors. I discuss the history that “previews” this period in New York, albeit in a different context: in the British West Indian islands from which the migrants originated. There are repeated instances of Blacks “busting” White monopolies in landownership, throughout the West Indian colonies in contravention of racial norms in the British colonies of who was allowed to own land and where. Upon arrival in New York, West Indians encountered another racial monopoly in real property ownership, namely Northern racial segregation. They essentially transferred the same techniques that they had utilized in the West Indies to break into White neighborhoods in New York.

Self-Reported Diabetes Prevalence in Asian American Subgroups: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2013-2019.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality in the United States (US). Prior DM prevalence estimates in Asian Americans are predominantly from Asians aggregated into a single group, but the Asian American population is heterogenous. To evaluate self-reported DM prevalence in disaggregated Asian American subgroups to inform targeted management and prevention. Serial cross-sectional analysis. Respondents to the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys who self-identify as non-Hispanic Asian American (NHA, N=57,001), comprising Asian Indian (N=11,089), Chinese (N=9458), Filipino (N=9339), Japanese (N=10,387), and Korean Americans (N=2843), compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW, N=2,143,729) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB, N=215,957) Americans. Prevalence of self-reported DM. Univariate Satterthwaite-adjusted chi-square tests compared the differences in weighted DM prevalence by sociodemographic and health status. Self-reported fully adjusted DM prevalence was 8.7% (95% confidence interval 8.2-9.3) in NHA, compared to 14.3% (14.0-14.6) in NHB and 10.0% (10.0-10.1) in NHW (p<0.01 for difference). In NHA subgroups overall, DM prevalence was 14.4% (12.6-16.3) in Filipino, 13.4% (10.9-16.2) in Japanese, 10.7% (9.6-11.8) in Asian Indian, 5.1% (4.2-6.2) in Chinese, and 4.7% (3.4-6.3) in Korean Americans (p<0.01). Among those aged ≥65 years, DM prevalence was highest in Filipino (35.0% (29.4-41.2)) and Asian Indian (31.5% (25.9-37.8)) Americans. Adjusted for sex, education, and race/ethnicity-specific obesity category, NHA overall had a 21% higher DM prevalence compared to NHW (prevalence ratio 1.21 [1.14-1.27]), while prevalence ratios were 1.42 (1.24-1.63) in Filipinos and 1.29 (1.14-1.46) in Asian Indians. Adjusted self-reported DM prevalence is higher in NHA compared with NHW. Disaggregating NHA reveals heterogeneity in self-reported DM prevalence, highest in Filipino and Asian Indian Americans.

Nostalgia, nation and bollywood: second-generation Indian-Americans and the consumption of movies

ABSTRACT A study of Bombay Cinema, or the so-called Bollywood, will no longer be complete without looking at the consumption of Bollywood movies because this cinema is now global in a specifically diasporic sense. This paper is an attempt to unveil the nature of engagement between Bollywood movies and second-generation Indian diaspora. This study is based on the coming of age of the second generation of the Indian-American diaspora and their engagement with twenty-first century Bollywood movies. A group of young Indian Americans were interviewed over the telephone to find out the ways in which second-generation consume movies in comparison to that of the first-generation migrants. This article shows how their readings of Bollywood movies converge on themes of nostalgia, nation, and feminism, along with how their situational identities play out to resolve their sometimes contradictory cultural expectations.

Anthropometric analysis of linear parameters of the Indian nose: A cross-sectional study and comparison with literature

Many studies have been done to find out the accepted "ideal" appearance and proportions of the nose. However, much of this work has been limited to the facial architecture of the North American Caucasian population. Therefore, most beauty standards are driven by Western influences. To measure different standard linear parameters of Indian faces and compare them with the studies found in the literature, in an endeavor to help in preoperative planning in rhinoplasty while maintaining their ethnicity. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of 500 subjects. A total of 21 standard measurements were noted directly from the faces, and 11 proportional values calculated. Mean values with standard deviations were statistically used for comparisons with studies in the literature. There were significant differences between male and female subjects of our study in 16 variables. The proportional indices calculated also revealed significant differences statistically in 6 out of 11 measurements between male and female subjects. Significant differences were found in most of the parameters when our data were compared with Indian American, North American white population, Korean, Chinese, and African American. Facial measurements in the Indian population are different from those of other races, such as nasal index: (al-al×100/n-sn), sn-prn x 100/ al-al index, and sn-prn x 100/n-Sn index, and it is important to have own set of parameters to act as standards guiding esthetic nasal surgeries while maintaining ethnicities. Our study is an attempt at the same. However, because of the huge diversity of the Indian population, it requires larger studies from different regions to achieve the final aim to create standards for cosmetic rhinoplasties.

206-LB: Indian Americans as Compared with Indians Exhibit Increased Beta-Cell Responsivity and Insulin Clearance in Absence of Changes in Insulin Sensitivity

Studies suggest that Indian Americans (IA) living in US have higher basal insulin resistance than other ethnic groups thereby increasing risk for T2DM. To characterize glucose metabolism between IA to Indians (I) living in India, we studied thirty-one Indians recruited at the Chellaram Hospital in Pune, India and twenty Indian Americans at Mayo Clinic, MN. All underwent a 3-hour 9-point OGTT with analyses of glucose, insulin and C-peptide. The oral minimal model was used to estimate β-cell function (φtotal) and insulin sensitivity (SI), with assessment of β-cell responsivity (Disposition Index: DI). Insulin clearance was calculated as AUC of insulin secretion rate over insulin concentrations. Both I and IA were similar with respect to age (33±7 vs. 39±13y), BMI (25.0±1.8 vs. 24.7± 3.2kg/m2) and sex (13F and 9F) respectively. Results are in fig 1. Fasting and iAUC glucose did not differ between groups (p=0.478), while integrated C-peptide and Insulin concentrations were higher in I than IA (p Disclosure V. Purandare: None. A. Galderisi: None. M. Maertino: None. A. Basu: None. C. Cobelli: None. A. Unnikrishnan: Advisory Panel; Self; Sanofi-Aventis, Other Relationship; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes. R. Basu: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01DK029953 to R.B.), (R01DK085516 to A.B.)

Queer Calculus, Warm Data, and Other Oxymorons

Queer Calculus, Warm Data, and Other Oxymorons

Celebrating Women in Paleobotany: A Tribute to Edith L. Taylor—Introduction and Dedication

Celebrating Women in Paleobotany: A Tribute to Edith L. Taylor—Introduction and Dedication

An “Indian” American Congressman: Dalip Singh Saund’s Indian Heritage and His 1956 Journey to Congress

Indian Americans have managed to become one of the most successful minority communities in the United States. With the rise of politicians such as Kamala Harris, Nikki Haley, and Bobby Jindal, Indian Americans have also reached the upper echelons of U.S. political life. Yet half a century ago, a very different picture emerges. Coming to the U.S. just three years after the 1917 Immigration Act which effectively barred Asian immigration, Dalip Singh Saund progressed from student to citizen to the U.S.’s first Asian Congressman over a period of thirty-six years. With his meteoric rise coming at a time when attitudes toward Indians were predominantly negative, this manuscript explores the role of Saund’s Indian heritage in his journey to Congress and explains that Saund’s good works and commitment to U.S. values rather than his Indian background was responsible for his journey to Congress.

The Indian venture capital emergence, development, and boom: A southern contextualization

AbstractEven during the current COVID‐19 crisis, venture capital (VC) is booming in India. Indian‐based VC funds grew from less than 10 at the start of the 1990s to more than 500 nowadays, with the amount of total investment continuously increasing since 2000. The aim of this paper is to contextualize the process of emergence, development, and boom of the Indian VC industry from the theoretical perspective of innovation and entrepreneurial systems, particularly incorporating contributions from Latin American and Indian authors. In doing so, we present a global, historical, and territorially grounded narrative of the Indian VC development stressing the relevance of: (a) the institutional and technological capabilities accumulated by the Indian National Innovation System (NIS) and the Indian Computer and Information Services Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (CISEE), particularly around Bangalore, (b) the role of the State (and the institutional entrepreneurs) and the timing of the STI policy oriented to the software industry, (c) the growing influence of global players such as the World Bank, the Indian American argonauts and multinational enterprises, and (d) the U.S. offshoring opportunities and the growing Indian domestic demand. We discuss these processes with a wider relevance for theoretical and policy advancement in Global South settings.

Marking men, affect and care work: a study of middle-class Bengali masculinity in Jhumpa Lahiri's The Lowland

ABSTRACT This article examines Pulitizer prize-winning Indian American writer Jhumpa Lahiri's engagement with masculinity and care-work in The Lowland (2013). Situated in a middle-class Bengali family, the novel revolves around the individualistic aspirations and intellectual motivations of the three main characters – the two brothers Subhash, Udayan and the woman they eventually marry, Gauri. This article first draws attention to the cultural archive of middle-class intellectual Bengali masculinity and then proceeds to delineate Lahiri's inscription of Bengali middle-class masculinity through her specific focus on Subhash's feeling masculinity. Affect theory is considered a necessary heuristic to situate this theoretical examination and further unpack Subhash's complication of reproductive heteronormativity. In doing so, this article also considers the gendered nature of care-work within the Bengali heteronormative family while at the same time positing Subhash's masculinity as a case in point, where naturalised gendered ideas are successfully blurred. By no means representative of all kinds of middle-class Bengali masculinities, this article's focus on Subhash's masculinity mainly situates a road map to theoretically mark heteronormative middle-class masculinity through the lens of affect theory.

The Ziguéhi Movement and the Afterlives of Kung fu Films in Abidjan*

ABSTRACT Kung fu films made in Hong Kong and Taiwan are one of the most influential film references for male youth audiences around Africa, but despite their influence, their circulation around the continent has only rarely been studied. This essay addresses this gap by analysing the long-term impact of kung fu films on street gang culture in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Kung fu films began to circulate in the country the 1970s. They were screened in Abidjan numerous popular neighbourhood theatre halls along Indian films and American B-movies. Their emphasis on fighting bare hands, the discipline of the body and the revolt to forms of authority perceived as oppressive made them popular among young viewers, who took explicit inspiration from them and began practicing martial arts. The street gang movement which emerged from these influences, known as the ‘Ziguéhi’, became one of the most influential in recent Ivorian history.

Diaspora as Spokesperson and Watchdog: Laxmi Berwa, VISION, and Anti-Caste Activism by Dalits in the United States

In 1978, Dalit immigrants in New York and New Jersey came together to form the first anti-caste organization in the United States: Volunteers in the Service of India’s Oppressed and Neglected (VISION). A transnational activist organization with a specifically diasporic focus, VISION was created to advocate for India’s Dalits. This article analyzes the activism—protest, advocacy, and consciousness-raising—of VISION and one of its chief architects, Dr. Laxmi Berwa. Throughout the 1980s and afterwards, Berwa and members of VISION staged protests at venues large and small, appealed to international human rights organizations, and built cross-racial and ethnic alliances with other minoritized groups, especially African Americans. Their activism was instrumental in increasing the global visibility and awareness of the problem of caste and to building a transnational network of support for India’s Dalits. Anti-caste activism also shaped the formation of identity and community abroad; it exposed significant caste-based fissures in the Indian diaspora and revealed alternative ways of being, imagining, and utilizing a diasporic identity from what is often assumed in studies of Indian Americans. This article argues that transnational activism by Berwa and VISION helped constitute a new community in the United States, a community of overseas anti-caste activists, in short, a Dalit diaspora.

Prognostic Value of Baseline White Blood Cell Count and Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio in Carcinoma Cervix

Aims: To evaluate the impact of baseline white blood cell (WBC) count and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in carcinoma cervix patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. Settings and Design: Retrospective cohort study, original research article in Department of Radiation Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer hospital. Materials and Methods: Patients of squamous cell carcinoma cervix treated with radical chemoradiotherapy from January 2017 to August 2017 were included in the analysis. All patients had baseline blood counts, local imaging, and metastatic workup at diagnosis. Patients received external beam radiotherapy to a total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions along with weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2) and brachytherapy (21 Gy in 3 fractions). Baseline WBC counts and baseline NLR were correlated with outcomes using chi square test and receiver operating characteristic curves. Statistical analysis used: The patients were divided into two groups based on high-baseline WBC count and normal-baseline WBC count. Baseline WBC counts and baseline NLR were correlated with patterns of recurrence using chi square test. The sensitivity and specificity of prognostic factors for recurrence were computed using ROC curves. Results: The NLR cut-off value of 3.47 had high sensitivity and specificity for predicting recurrence in these patients. Majority of the recurrences in patients having high WBC count and high NLR were distant recurrences. Conclusions: A high-baseline WBC count and high NLR resulted in higher rates of recurrence and inferior survival in carcinoma cervix patients in our study. These biomarkers can be used as predictors of outcomes in carcinoma cervix.

Evaluation of Pathological Response in Post-Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Breast Carcinoma Specimens using Residual Cancer Burden System

Introduction: Many systems have been proposed to classify the degree of tumour response to therapy in post-neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) breast cancers. The Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) developed by MD Anderson cancer hospital is an online tool for the quantification of residual disease that is easy to practice, reproducible, and the RCB score has been clinically validated as independent prognostic factor for long-term survival. Aim: To evaluate the methodology for grossing and microscopic examination for assessing pathologic response in postNACT breast cancer specimens using RCB system developed by MD Anderson cancer institute and its feasibility for routine practice. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute Hyderabad over a duration of three months from May 2018 to July 2018. Histologically proven breast carcinoma patients who were treated with both NACT and surgery were included in the study. Before surgery, these patients were treated with either anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimen with or without additional taxanes or targeted therapy with transtuzumab. RCB score and class were calculated to assess pathologic response to NACT. Analysis was performed individually by two senior pathologists, who has expertise in breast pathology and a junior pathologist. Consensus opinion was noted in case of discrepancies. Results: The study included 50 carcinoma breast specimens. All the cases werefemales. 49 cases were diagnosed as invasive carcinoma, No Special Type (NST) and one was lobular carcinoma. pCR (Pathological complete response) was seen in 9 (18%) and residual disease was seen in 41 (82%) patients. Conclusion: The present study highlights feasibility of application of RCB system in assessing pathological response following NACT in breast cancer. Incorporating RCB score and class in the reporting helps the surgical pathologist to overcome sampling errors caused by heterogeneously variable cellularity commonly encountered in these type of specimens.

Introduction

Introduction

Abstract PO-171: Unique stroke disparity and cancer risk in Asian Americans

Abstract Background: Stroke is the fifth-leading cause of death in the US. Previous studies have found that the prevalence of precancerous lesions in patients with ischemic stroke is higher than that in the general population. Studies show that Asian-Americans are more likely to experience a severe ischemic stroke in comparison with other racial groups. Although predisposing risk factors for stroke and stroke epidemiology have been studied extensively, racial-ethnic disparities in stroke incidence and prevalence are well documented but less understood. Methods: This study uses a sample of 18889 adults who self-reported suffering stroke in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS-2018), which includes five racial and ethnic groups (White, Black, American Indian, Hispanic, and Asian American populations). Factors associated with stroke are used in data analysis. Results: Compared with other racial groups (White/Black/American Indian/Hispanic) in the United States, Asians are at an elevated risk of suffering a stroke. Asians reported a significantly higher rate of stroke in younger age group: in groups aged 18-34, Asians reported the highest rate of having stroke (15.4% vs. White, 1.9%; Black, 2.7%; American Indian, 4.7%; and Hispanic, 10.5%; p&amp;lt;0.001). In addition, among respondents with normal/under-weight, doing exercise, and no smoking, Asians also reported significant higher stroke rates. Specifically, among people being normal- or under-weight; 50.2% of Asians reported having stroke in comparing with White, 29.7%; American Indian, 29.5%; Hispanic, 26.3% and Black, 25.4% (p&amp;lt;0.001). Among people reported doing exercise, Asians (67.0%) reported the highest rate of stroke followed by Hispanic (59.5%), White (58.6%), Black (55.2%) and American Indian (53.3%) (p&amp;lt;0.001). Similarly, among people reported no smoking, Asians (75.6%) also reported a significant higher rate of stroke in comparing with White (66.6%), Hispanic (60.5%), Black (55.7%), and American Indian (44.8%) (p&amp;lt;0.001). More logistic regression results will be reported at presentation. Conclusion: Stroke incidence and prevalence are not uniform. Asian-Americans face unique disparities compared to their racial counterparts’ risk factors for stroke. Elucidating these underlying risk factors and identifying intervention strategies to address the stroke disparities experienced by Asian-Americans will improve both stroke and cancer prevention. Citation Format: Helen Y. Xia, Wenyue Lu. Unique stroke disparity and cancer risk in Asian Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-171.

Public Education Interventions and Uptake of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: A Systematic Review.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake remains suboptimal in the United States. Public education is considered an important aspect of increasing vaccination rates. We systematically reviewed the literature on the impact of public education on HPV vaccine uptake. PubMed was searched to identify studies published between January 1, 2007, and April 30, 2018, meeting the following inclusion criteria: the study was conducted in the US, education was directed toward the public, and the research included HPV vaccine uptake and/or completion as outcomes. A total of 3764 studies were screened, and 30 published studies were included in the review. Among those, 13 focused on parent/guardian education, 8 on young adults, 6 on parent/daughter dyads, 1 focused only on adolescents, and 2 studies recruited a mixed-age population. Studies that included parents and young adults and were delivered by experts led to increased uptake of HPV vaccination (n = 14). A majority of the studies included female and Non-Hispanic White population (n = 20). Less than a third of studies included minority groups: Hispanic (n = 4), African American (n = 1), Cambodian American (n = 1), Indian American (n = 1), Korean American (n = 1), and combined Haitian and African American (n = 1) population. Minority group interventions that provided individually tailored messages, addressed misconceptions, removed barriers to vaccination, and engaged parents and community members improved HPV vaccine acceptance (n = 5). Interventions that delivered HPV-related education by authoritative sources and included parents improved HPV vaccination rates among adolescents and young adults. Community engagement played an important role in vaccine uptake among minority populations. Future studies should focus on male participants and minority populations to reduce disparities in HPV-related cancer incidence and HPV vaccine coverage.