India Research Articles

Risks associated with global warming of 1.5 to 4 °C above pre-industrial levels in human and natural systems in six countries

The Topical Collection “Accrual of Climate Change Risk in Six Vulnerable Countries” provides a harmonised assessment of risks to human and natural systems due to global warming of 1.5–4 °C in six countries (China, Brazil, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, and India) using a consistent set of climate change and socioeconomic scenarios. It compares risks in 2100 if warming has reached 3 °C, broadly corresponding to current global greenhouse gas emission reduction policies, including countries’ National Determined Contributions, rather than the Paris Agreement goal of limiting warming to ‘well below’ 2 °C and ‘pursuing efforts’ to limit to 1.5 °C. Global population is assumed either constant at year 2000 levels or to increase to 9.2 billion by 2100. In either case, greater warming is projected to lead, in all six countries, to greater exposure of land and people to drought and fluvial flood hazard, greater declines in biodiversity, and greater reductions in the yield of maize and wheat. Limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, compared with ~ 3 °C, is projected to deliver large benefits for all six countries, including reduced economic damages due to fluvial flooding. The greatest projected benefits are the avoidance of a large increase in exposure of agricultural land to severe drought, which is 61%, 43%, 18%, and 21% lower in Ethiopia, China, Ghana, and India at 1.5 °C than at 3 °C, whilst avoided increases in human exposure to severe drought are 20–80% lower at 1.5 °C than 3 °C across the six countries. Climate refugia for plants are largely preserved at 1.5 °C warming in Ghana, China, and Ethiopia, but refugia shrink in areal extent by a factor of 2, 3, 3, 4, and 10 in Ghana, China, India, Ethiopia, and Brazil, respectively, if warming reaches 3 °C. Economic damages associated with sea-level rise are projected to increase in coastal nations, but more slowly if warming were limited to 1.5 °C. Actual benefits on the ground will also depend on national and local contexts and the extent of future investment in adaptation.

Superior haplotypes towards the development of blast and bacterial blight-resistant rice.

Rice blast and bacterial leaf blight, are major disease, significantly threatens rice yield in all rice growing regions under favorable conditions and identification of resistance genes and their superior haplotypes is a potential strategy for effectively managing and controlling this devastating disease. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a diverse set of 147 rice accessions for blast and bacterial blight diseases in replications. Results revealed 23 (9 for blast and 14 for BLB) significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) that corresponded to 107 and 210 candidate genes for blast and BLB, respectively. The haplo-pheno analysis of the candidate genes led to the identification of eight superior haplotypes for blast, with an average SES score ranging from 0.00 to 1.33, and five superior haplotypes for BLB, with scores ranging from 1.52cm to 4.86cm superior haplotypes. Among these, superior haplotypes LOC_OS12G39700-H4 and LOC_Os06g30440-H33 were identified with the lowest average blast scores of 0.00-0.67, and superior haplotype LOC_Os02g12660-H39 exhibited the lowest average lesion length (1.88 - 2.06cm) for BLB. A total of ten accessions for blast and eight accessions for BLB were identified carrying superior haplotypes were identified. These haplotypes belong to aus and indx subpopulations of five countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Myanmar, and Pakistan). For BLB resistance, eight accessions from six countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) and four subpopulations (aus, ind1A, ind2, and ind3) were identified carrying superior haplotypes. Interestingly, four candidate genes, LOC_Os06g21040, LOC_Os04g23960, LOC_Os12g39700, and LOC_Os01g24640 encoding transposon and retrotransposon proteins were among those with superior haplotypes known to play a crucial role in plant defense responses. These identified superior haplotypes have the potential to be combined into a single genetic background through haplotype-based breeding for a broader resistance spectrum against blast and bacterial blight diseases.

An Empirical Investigation on Awareness Regarding Cryptocurrencies Among Investors Under Different Market Regimes

Cryptocurrency is one of the most notable financial innovations in recent years. The present study provides a novel methodology to understand the level of awareness regarding cryptocurrencies among investors under different market regimes. The study used a survey questionnaire for a sample of 352 investors in sample Asian countries (India, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman, and Dubai). The study has developed eight hypotheses that have been tested considering independent (Statement of Responses About cryptocurrency-SORAC) and dependent variables (Market Factors-MF, Social Sentiment Factors-SF, Technological Factors-TF, Stocks-ST, Bank Deposits-BD) by incorporating t-test, regression, and correlation. The results revealed that cryptocurrency has a significant and positive influence on dependent variables among investors under different market regimes. The results from the analytical findings pave the way for the policymakers of these countries to help design robust mechanisms to regulate their cryptocurrencies under different market regimes.

Evaluation of Ship Recycling Industry in View of Present Global Circumstances and Way Forward

Ship recycling, commonly referred to as ship dismantling, is an inherently sustainable practice with global implications. It involves the reverse engineering process of disassembling obsolete ships to recover reusable materials in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. Over the past two decades, ships have predominantly been beached in South Asian countries such as Bangladesh, India, China, and Pakistan, allowing local yards to dismantle vessels with moderate preventive measures and substantial manual labor. Ship recycling stands as a significant and environmentally conscious industry, witnessing the annual recycling of approximately 1000 obsolete ships globally. Currently, this industry is predominantly led by three South Asian countries—India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. In Bangladesh, the industry commenced with the dismantling of stranded ships, evolving into a large and profitable sector that generates substantial employment opportunities for thousands of semi-skilled workers in poverty-prone areas. While the ship recycling industry presents opportunities, it also poses challenges for coastal zone management, encompassing environmental, law enforcement, and worker safety concerns. The surge in demand for ship recycling has prompted increased regulatory scrutiny at both national and international levels. This pressure culminated in the development of the Hong Kong International Convention (HKC) by the IMO in 2009, mandating safety and environmental protection standards at recycling yards. Achieving a perfectly green ship recycling process in line with European standards is inherently costly. However, a viable and almost green ship recycling approach, integrating the current common practice of beaching methods in Asian countries, is entirely feasible. Despite limitations and challenges, the industry significantly contributes to Bangladesh's GDP and the overall socio-economic landscape. Currently, there has been a visible reduction in Bangladesh's market share due to stringent environmental regulations, while competitors have experienced increases. This study represents an analytical effort to evaluate the current global ship recycling scenario, exploring its potential, challenges, and the future trajectory of both local and global ship recycling industries.

The race between global economic growth and carbon emissions: based on a comparative study of developed and developing countries.

In recent years, there has been a persistent intensification of the global greenhouse effect. Balancing carbon emission reduction with economic growth poses an unprecedented global challenge. To better comprehend the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions, this study first utilized the Tapio decoupling index to compare the decoupling relationship (the USA, Japan, and Germany) and three developing countries (China, India, and Russia) from 2000-2020. Additionally, the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method was employed to investigate the factors influencing changes in carbon emissions. Our findings indicate that (1) the USA and Germany basically achieved strong decoupling; China, India, and Russia mainly showed weak decoupling; and Japan showed recessive decoupling. (2) Economic growth predominantly contributed to increased carbon emissions, with a lesser impact from population growth. A significant reduction in energy intensity restrained carbon emissions growth, as did energy structure replacement in most countries, excluding Japan. Based on this, a decoupling effort index was formulated. It has shown that the decoupling efforts made by developing countries are weaker than those of developed countries, primarily attributed to a lesser degree of decoupling between energy intensity and structure. This paper offers valuable insights for developing countries undergoing a low-carbon economic transformation. They should counterbalance carbon emission escalation resulting from economic growth through technological and energy structure improvements.

Data management plan and REDCap mobile data capture for a multi-country Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial.

Household air pollution (HAP) is a leading environmental risk factor accounting for about 1.6 million premature deaths mainly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, no multicounty randomized controlled trials have assessed the effect of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove intervention on HAP and maternal and child health outcomes. The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) was the first to assess this by implementing a common protocol in four LMICs. This manuscript describes the implementation of the HAPIN data management protocol via Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) used to collect over 50 million data points in more than 4000 variables from 80 case report forms (CRFs). We recruited 800 pregnant women in each study country (Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda) who used biomass fuels in their households. Households were randomly assigned to receive LPG stoves and 18 months of free LPG supply (intervention) or to continue using biomass fuels (control). Households were followed for 18 months and assessed for primary health outcomes: low birth weight, severe pneumonia, and stunting. The HAPIN Data Management Core (DMC) implemented identical REDCap projects for each study site using shared variable names and timelines in local languages. Field staff collected data offline using tablets on the REDCap Mobile Application. Utilizing the REDCap application allowed the HAPIN DMC to collect and store data securely, access data (near real-time), create reports, perform quality control, update questionnaires, and provide timely feedback to local data management teams. Additional REDCap functionalities (e.g. scheduling, data validation, and barcode scanning) supported the study. While the HAPIN trial experienced some challenges, REDCap effectively met HAPIN study goals, including quality data collection and timely reporting and analysis on this important global health trial, and supported more than 40 peer-reviewed scientific publications to date.

Investigating market-based opportunities for the provision of nutritious and safe diets to prevent childhood stunting: a UKRI-GCRF action against stunting hub protocol paper

BackgroundInadequate access to affordable, safe, desirable and convenient nutrient-dense food is one of the underlying causes of child stunting. While targeted nutrition-sensitive interventions (eg, backyard ‘nutri-gardens’) may increase dietary diversity...

The impact of the tapering off policy by the United States on the financial fluctuations of developing countries

In the summer of 2013 fluctuations in financial markets significantly increased, after the Fed announced it would increase interest rates to curb inflation. Financial market participants revised their expectations about when the Fed will start normalizing monetary policy. This study aims to analyze the impact of the tapering off policy of the United States on financial fluctuations of developing countries (Indonesia, Brazil, India, South Africa, and Turkey) using the VAR (Vector Autoregression) method. US tapering off policy refers to returning interest rates to more normal levels after a period of expansionary monetary stimulus. Financial fluctuations in developing countries may be affected by the normalization of US monetary policy through US interest rate hike channels that can attract capital from developing countries, causing exchange rate depreciation and increased financial market volatility. The research method used in this study is VAR analysis. The VAR model will be used to analyze how US tapering off policy might affect the dynamics of those variables in developing countries. The results of the study are expected to provide a better understanding of the impact of US tapering off policy on financial fluctuations in developing countries. The policy implications of this study can assist governments and financial institutions in formulating appropriate policies to address potential risks and manage financial stability in developing countries exposed to the impact of US tapering off policies.

Unveiling hidden connections: Spillover among BRICS' cryptocurrency-implied exchange rate discounts and US financial markets

This study employs connectedness approach based on Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregression (TVP-VAR) and Dynamic Conditional Correlation Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (DCC-GARCH) methods, to scrutinize the connectedness between the cryptocurrency implied exchange rate discount in BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and US financial markets. Empirical evidence suggests that Bitcoin market volatility substantially influences other markets. Moreover, given the intimate connections between BRICS countries and developed nations such as the US in today's globalized context, fluctuations in the Bitcoin market within BRICS countries are apt to impact US financial markets. Our empirical findings specifically indicate the following: (i) Among the total spillover effects of the cryptocurrency implied exchange rate discount in BRICS countries, Russia exhibits the most potent total spillover effect and contributes the most to market connectedness. (ii) The Brazil directional spillover index is elevated in both spillover relationship categories, and the spillover effect of the cryptocurrency implied exchange rate discount in Brazil on US financial variables is notably pronounced. (iii) Of the US financial variables, the US Financial Stress Index demonstrates the most robust connectedness with the cryptocurrency implied exchange rate discount in BRICS countries and exhibits heightened sensitivity to uncertainty.

China’s macroeconomic performance affects trading partners: How can their policies respond?

Utilizing expanded data analysis, this study aims to determine how China's macroeconomic performance affects the global economy. Employing the Global Vector Auto Regression (GVAR) model, we investigate the impact of China's macroeconomic variables on the economies of its selected trading partners throughout the world. For 2000Q1–2019Q4, developed countries (the US, Hong Kong), developing Europe countries (Russian Federation and Poland), and two developing Asia countries (Vietnam and India) show that Chinese macroeconomic performance has a greater impact than middle east and central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Western hemisphere. The Chinese GDP shock hits emerging Europe harder because of its extensive Russian production network. Results reveal that Chinese depreciation impacts developing Europe and Asia, while the Chinese stock market shock hits advanced economies more. Advanced and developing Asian economies are greatly affected by TV shock. Chinese FDI affects the Middle East and Central Asia, because of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. China trading partners use macroeconomic statistics to assess their economic priorities, industrial strengths, and weaknesses to create national interest plans. Currency adjustment, trade policies, domestic stimulus, and market diversification can minimize negative effects or capitalize on possibilities from China's macroeconomic conditions.

World development assessment in an invariant coordinate system of energy units: The newly industrialized economies perspectives

The purpose of the article is to present the results of analysis of newly industrialized countries in the context of sustainable development. The study took place within the framework of the Kaldor’s structural-economic model of the gross domestic product and the energy flow model, using the socio-economic systems power changes analyzing method. Within the context of the approach, an invariant coordinate system in energy units is considered, the necessary conditions for sustainable development are formulated, and the main parameters for assessing the potential for growth and development are determined. The article focuses on key issues regarding new concepts of sustainable development and methodology for assessing sustainable development using the concept of socioeconomics useful power for the countries of the newly industrialized economy a group of emerging countries that have made in short time period a qualitative transition in socio-economic development. Based on a new definition of sustainable development in energy units, development trends are formulated for the selected countries during 20 years for the period 2000–2019. Results of the study can be used to planning for the transition to sustainable development. The data of the Central Statistical Office of European Union, the World Bank and the United Nations Organization were used for calculations. Initial interpretation of the calculated data has been done for the largest newly industrialized countries Brazil, India and China in terms of the gross domestic product in the period 1990–2019. For comparison, data on USA are presented as countries with advanced economy.

Kawasaki Disease in Children: A Brief Update

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common acute vasculitis of childhood that may lead to coronary artery abnormalities in about 25% of patients if left untreated. KD is reported as the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children replacing rheumatic feverin developed countries. Strong epidemiological data are not available from developing countries, but it is increasingly recognized in rapidly industrializing countries of Asia including India,where it might has replaced rheumatic heart disease as the most common cause of acquired heart disease. This increasing recognition could be due to actual rise in number of KD cases or due to more diagnosis following increased awareness. The status of KD in Bangladesh is not known. But unpublished data from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) show a sustained and significant increase in the number of KD cases over the years. The reasons for this increase may be similar to our neighbouring country India. Aetiology of KD still remains unknown. But there have been many hypotheses including infection, immune dysregulation, super-antigen and genetic factors. The diagnosis of KD is based on the presence of ≥ 5 days of fever and the presence of ≥4 of the 5 principal clinical features (1.Extremity Changes, 2. Conjunctival injection, 3.Oral changes 4.Exanthem/Rash, and 5. Lymphadenopathy). The diagnosis of KD may be very challenging for even a very experienced paediatrician. It must be considered in a child with prolonged fever, undue irritability and sequential appearance of principal clinical features. KD patients should be managed timely with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin in proper dose. It is to be remembered that KD is no longer considered as a one-time disease of childhood, as it can be associated with significant long term sequelae. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 68-77

Nexus between the Exchange Rate Spill-Over Movement and Macroeconomic Variables in South Asian Countries

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the Exchange Rate spill-over and Macro Economic Determinants in selected South Asian Countries (Afghanistan, India and Pakistan). The study employed 10 years of data from 2011 to 2021 of macroeconomic variables such as TIN- Total Investment, INF - Inflation, IMP - Imports, EXP - Exports, GTE - Government Total Expenditure, GNL - Government Net Lending, ER – Exchange Rate. The result evidenced that selected macroeconomic variables changes doesn’t have any connection in the changes of ER of India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The ER changes are highly autocorrelated and act highly independence in the last ten years. Moreover, the depreciation of currency values replicates economic instability and drastically straight fall. Asian countries operating their currency based on a managed floating ER regime. It’s marking a market-determined ER regime of the currency with provision for timely intervention by the central bank. Managed float regime is an international financial environment in which ERs fluctuates from day to day, but central banks attempt to influence their countries’ ERs by buying and selling currencies to maintain a certain range. This study would be useful to the retail investors to speculate and arbitrage and (economic policy) policymakers to monitor, Forecasting and Simulation the ER movements.

Labor force dynamics and economic performance: A case of Nigeria, India, and China

Aim/purpose – This study investigated the nexus between labor force dynamics and economic performance in Nigeria, India, and China. Design/methodology – The study used annual time series data spanning from 1991 to 2021 obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI). After the unit root stationarity test, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) was used for the analysis. Findings – Findings from the study support a positive short-run relationship between labor force participation and economic growth in all three countries. However, in China, population growth impacts the economy positively in the long run, while life expectancy at birth negatively impacts the economy in the short run. This is because China’s popula- tion is aging. In India, employment in the industrial and service sectors positively impacts the economy in the long run. In the short run, life expectancy at birth influences the economy negatively. Furthermore, in Nigeria, the industrial and service sector employment impact the economy negatively in the long run, though there are positive effects in the short run. Research implications – The Indian government needs policy reforms in the areas of education and health to take advantage of the potential of its youthful population. The Nigerian government requires implementing a wide range of education, investment, and employment-generating policies to foster tangible economic growth. These reforms could help both India and Nigeria take advantage of the potential for demographic change. The Chinese government, already having policy reforms in place, is geared towards improved fertility and population growth for economic growth in the near future. These policies, coupled with the study’s findings, could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the implications of demographic change on economic performance. Originality/value contributions – This analysis explored and compared the demographic potentials of two young countries (India and Nigeria) and an aging, wealthy economy (China) from the working class. Policy lessons for the attainment of demographic divi- dends are borrowed from China. Keywords: labor force, economic performance, demographic change, population dynamics, ARDL model. JEL Codes: J10, J11

Učinak kretanja tržišta dionica i bankarskog sektora na potrošnju energije u BRICS-u

Energy is an important resource in the economic development of countries. While it is used asan input in production, it also has an important usage area in consumption. For these reasons,the factors affecting energy use have been the subject of many studies. This study examines theimpact of financial development (FD) on energy consumption (EC) in BRICS countries (Brazil,Russia, India, China, and South Africa). In the study, EC, FD, economic growth, foreign direct investmentsand total trade (%GDP) variables for the period 1994–2017 were examined with thehelp of the PVAR (panel vector autoregressive) model. According to the findings, there is a unidirectionalrelationship from both EC and economic growth to the development of the bankingsector.

Uticaj otvorenosti trgovine na ekonomski rast unutar zemalja BRIKS-a - pristup ARDL panela

This paper investigates the connection between trade openness and economic growth in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) panel approach. The study aims to shed light on the importance of international trade in fostering economic growth, particularly for developing countries. We assess the long-term equilibrium relationship between trade openness and economic growth in the BRICS context using a comprehensive panel dataset and advanced econometric techniques. The findings indicate a positive and significant impact of trade openness on economic growth, emphasizing the need for policies promoting trade liberalization and attracting foreign direct investment. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering empirical insights into the specific dynamics of trade openness and economic growth within the BRICS countries.

Trade competitiveness and sustainable energy practices: The moderating role of ecological footprint

The existing literature regarding the deeper understanding of the complex dynamics between trade competitiveness, sustainable energy practices, and environmental sustainability is scare in emerging economies. In this regard, this study aims to examine the relationship between trade competitiveness, sustainable energy practices, and the moderating role of ecological footprints in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). Using the panel data from 1990 to 2021 by applying Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (CS-ARDL). The findings of our study reveal that trade competitiveness plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable energy practices, with countries demonstrating high trade competitiveness exhibiting more robust and favourable approaches to sustainability. Furthermore, the ecological footprint was identified as a critical moderator in this relationship, indicating that countries with strong trade competitiveness can have an even more significant impact on sustainable energy practices when they operate within sustainable ecological boundaries. The study emphasizes the need for policymakers to integrate ecological considerations into trade policies, enforce environmental regulations, and promote eco-friendly technologies to balance economic growth and environmental sustainability.

Analisis Pengaruh Implementasi AANZFTA terhadap Kreasi dan Diversi Perdagangan Impor Daging Sapi di Indonesia

The ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) represents an economic integration among ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand. Within the AANZFTA framework, a commitment was made to reduce beef import tariff barriers. This reduction in beef import tariffs has the potential to impact Indonesia as a net importer of beef. Beef imports from AANZFTA member countries gain a competitive advantage due to reduced import tariffs, unlike beef imported from non-AANZFTA member countries. Hence, this research aims to: (1) Analyze the influencing factors on beef imports in Indonesia from 2005 to 2020, and (2) Assess the impact of AANZFTA implementation on the creation and redirection of Indonesia’s beef imports. The study involves comparing the volume and value of Indonesian beef imports from AANZFTA member countries (Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore) and non-member countries (United States, India, Japan, and Spain) during the 2005-2020 period. The analytical method employed is panel data regression analysis using a gravity model. The research findings indicate: (1) Beef imports in Indonesia between 2005 and 2020 were influenced by various factors including Indonesia’s beef production, real exchange rate, real GDP per capita of Indonesia, real GDP per capita of exporting countries, trade creation dummy, and trade diversion dummy; (2) AANZFTA implementation resulted in a 2,97% reduction in Indonesia’s beef imports from AANZFTA member countries and a 2,39% increase in beef imports from non-AANZFTA member countries compared to the scenario without AANZFTA implementation.

Examination of the factors contributing to environmental degradation: does LPG consumption still matter?

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is one of the energy resources that deserve to be qualified as a transition fuel for developing countries that cannot abandon their dependence on non-renewable energy use and adopt renewable alternatives. The current study examines how environmental degradation is affected by financial development, LPG use, and economic growth in the BRICS-T countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkiye) in the period of 1993-2018. For this purpose, four models were tested with Pedroni, Kao,PMG Panel ARDLcointegration and Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality methods. The results show that LPG consumption has a positive effect on the ecological footprint and an adverse influence on the CO2 emission of BRICS - T countries. The financial institutions exhibited to have a positive and significant impact on ecology. Economic growth displayed negative effects on environmental degradation and a positive influence on CO2. Additionally, there is significant evidence for the validity of the EKC hypothesis. Unidirectional causality exists between ecological footprint, LPG, financial market, and economic growth. The financial institution index shows bidirectional causality with the ecological footprint. There is also unidirectional causality between ecological footprint, LPG, financial market, and economic growth. Furthermore, the financial institutions' index shows a bidirectional causality with the ecological footprint. Also, economic development and financial institution index have a bidirectional relationship with CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the financial market index showed unidirectional causality with CO2 emissions. In short, our study highlights the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to sustainable development in BRICS - T countries. Policymakers must balance economic growth with environmental protection and consider the potential trade-offs between policy options to promote sustainable and inclusive development.

Economic Future of BRICS Countries

This article examines the economic prospects of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) against the backdrop of the current international political climate. The global economy has undergone significant changes in recent years, and the emergence of new political and economic powers has disrupted the traditional balance of power. BRICS countries have emerged as significant players in the world economy, representing over 40% of the world’s population and accounting for nearly a quarter of the world’s GDP. However, the global political landscape is becoming increasingly complex, with trade tensions, political instability, and geopolitical conflicts threatening to derail the economic growth of these nations. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russian special military operation in Ukraine has further exacerbated these challenges, caused widespread economic disruptions and altered the course of global trade and investment. Thus, the article explores the economic policies and strategies adopted by the BRICS countries to navigate this shifting geopolitical landscape. The author examines the macroeconomic indicators and trends of these nations, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. We also discuss the impact of global events such as the US-China trade war and the rise of protectionism on the economic prospects of these countries. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic future of BRICS countries and offers insights into the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. The findings of this study can inform policymakers, investors, and businesses on how to navigate the current international political situation and tap into the potential of these emerging economies.