India In 1990s Research Articles

Synthetic short peptide vaccine: Pioneering study India in 1990s

Synthetic short peptide vaccine: Pioneering study India in 1990s

MEDICINAL PLANTS OF NORTH-EAST REGION OF INDIA: A SMALL REVIEW

Assam is a state of the North Eastern part of India. There are varieties of plants distributed in various parts of the state. 50% of India’s entire plant biodiversity is contributed by the North Eastern States i.e., Manipur, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tripura including Assam. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India in 1980s recorded two hundred and eighty-six (286) species of plants from Assam, used by the tribes of Assam.The traditional system of medicine plays an important role in the healthcare of rural people for all types of ailments. The healing power of traditional herbal medicines has been realized and documented since Rigveda and Atharvaveda. Nearly 80% of the world populations rely on traditional medicines for primary health care, most of which involve the use of plant extracts.

LAND REFORMS IN AN INDIAN STATE: LESSONS FROM THE EXPERIENCES OF IMPLEMENTATION

Until the shift of developmental policy in India in 1990s the state used to play an instrumental role India’s development. By the time India attained independence it was widely regarded that semi feudal landlordism was the main obstacle in the way of national economic regeneration. In this paper an attempt has been to capture the processes of land reforms in India’s West Bengal under the Left Front rule and to critically review impact of this programme on village society. This paper also seeks to identify reasons with the help of empirical studies why it has not been possible for the Left Front Government to achieve the declared objectives of the programme. Major transformations in economic, social and political fields during the first two decades of the Left Front rule characterized by the successful implementation of land reform programmes but failed to produce sustained benefits to the poor beneficiaries of land reforms. The panchayat institutions were unsuccessful in making the poor realize that the existing social situation was not conducive for meeting their basic needs. The concluding part of the paper tries to bring together the lessons that the other countries or states in a federal system can learn from the experiences of implementation of land reforms programme in West Bengal.

Empowerment of Women through Self Help Group in Madhya Pradesh: A Sociological Study

Women in India represent a more traditional section of society and have been reflected throughout the ages. Therefore, their participation in any walk of life is viewed as a sign of progress, particularly in the case of economic field. This paper is an attempt to know, what is the impact of micro-finance on, women’s empowerment in Madhya Pradesh. Micro finance institution started in India in 1980s through self help groups (SHGs) model. It is the Grameen replication model of Bangladesh. Women empowerment through SHG (Self Help Group) based micro finance has been central to development agenda in India. Self help group projects were launched by Government of India, with the financial assistance from IFAD & empower rural poor women through micro finance. The present study is an attempt in this direction to analyze the impact of SHG projects on poor women in Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh.

Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Indian States: An Update

This paper is an updated version of Ghoshal, and Bhattacharya. (2008). Data for emission for Indian States has been updated till 2008. Further to what was noted in that paper it is observed that the growth in pollution caused by COB2B emission has decreased in all the major states of India in 1990s compared to the 1980s. Again it bounced back in the twenty-first century in many major states. Although the top three emitting states remained the same in the extended series, Madhya Pradesh has replaced Uttar Pradesh as the highest emitter in the new series. Some major states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Kerala have been able to reduce their annual growth in emission in the years after 2000.The trend growth rates for these three states had fallen below the national average in the extended series. The inverted-U shape of the pollution-income relationship remains with only two high income states contributing to the bend back.