Indices Of Immune Function Research Articles

Effect of continuous blood purification on immunity and endothelial cell function in patients with sepsis

To explore the effect of continuous blood purification (CBP) on the immunity and endothelial cell function of patients with sepsis. A prospective study was conducted. The patients aged ≥ 18 years old and meeting the diagnostic criteria of sepsis admitted to the department of critical care medicine of Binzhou Medical University Hospital from March 2019 to October 2020 were selected as the research subjects, and the patients were divided into standard treatment group and CBP treatment group according to random number table method. Both groups were given standard treatment including initial fluid resuscitation, infection source control and antibiotics according to the 2016 international guidelines for the management of sepsis and septic shock. CBP treatment group was additionally given continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) at a dose of 25-30 mL×kg-1×h-1 and blood flow rate of 150-200 mL/min for more than 20 hours a day for 3 days. The clinical data of patients including blood lactic acid (Lac), procalcitonin (PCT), lymphocyte count (LYM), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were recorded before treatment and 1 day and 3 days after treatment. At the same time, the venous blood was collected, and the immune function related indexes [interleukins (IL-4, IL-7), programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), interferon-γ (IFN-γ)] and endothelial cell injury related markers [soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), von Willebrand factor (vWF), heparan sulfate (HS), syndecan-1 (SDC-1)] levels in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay of patients in the two groups was recorded, and the outcomes of patients in the two groups were followed up for 28 days. Finally, 20 patients were enrolled in the standard treatment group, and 19 patients were enrolled in the CBP treatment group. There were no significant differences in gender, age and infection site between the two groups. The length of ICU stay in the standard treatment group was (10±5) days, and 5 patients died and 15 patients survived after 28 days. The length of ICU stay in the CBP treatment group was (9±4) days, and 8 patients died and 11 patients survived after 28 days. There were no significant differences in the length of ICU stay and number of patients who died within 28 days between the two groups (both P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the Lac, PCT, LYM, APACHE II score, SOFA score and immune function and endothelial cell injury related indexes before treatment and 1 day after treatment between the two groups. After 3 days of treatment, the Lac, PCT, APACHE II score and SOFA score of the CBP treatment group were significantly lower than those before treatment, and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-4, apoptosis-related indicators such as PD-1 and IL-7, and endothelial injury related factors such as sTM, SDC-1 and HS were significantly improved compared with the pre-treatment, the improvement degree of the above indicators was more obvious than that of the standard treatment group, and LYM was significantly higher than that of the standard treatment group (×109/L: 1.3±0.3 vs. 0.9±0.4, P < 0.05), IL-4, IFN-γ, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, IL-7, PD-1, sTM, SDC-1, HS, and Ang-2 were significantly lower than those of the standard treatment group [IL-4 (ng/L): 2.8 (1.5, 3.2) vs. 3.3 (2.7, 5.2), IFN-γ (ng/L): 6.3 (5.4, 106.5) vs. 217.9 (71.4, 517.1), IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio: 3.7 (1.8, 70.3) vs. 59.1 (18.3, 124.9), IL-7 (ng/L): 4.6 (3.2, 5.1) vs. 6.3 (5.2, 8.0), PD-1 (μg/L): 0.04 (0.03, 0.06) vs. 0.08 (0.05, 0.12), sTM (μg/L): 4.9 (4.3, 7.4) vs. 8.7 (6.0, 10.8), SDC-1 (μg/L): 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) vs. 0.9 (0.8, 2.5), HS (ng/L): 434.8 (256.2, 805.0) vs. 887.9 (620.1, 957.3), Ang-2 (ng/L): 934.0 (673.3, 1 502.1) vs. 2 233.9 (1 472.5, 3 808.4)], the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). CBP treatment can eliminate the patient's immunosuppressive state, reduce a variety of endothelial injury markers and the degradation of glycocalyx, but cannot decrease the 28-day death risk or shorten the length of ICU stay.

Changes of Oral Flora, Inflammatory Factors, and Immune Function Indicators in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Their Clinical Significance.

This research focuses on investigating the changes of oral flora, inflammatory factors, and immune function indicators in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and their clinical significances. Clinical indices such as gingival index (GI) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) of the study subjects were recorded. The levels of oral flora, inflammatory factors and T lymphocyte subsets in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of the study subjects were measured. To analyze the correlation between GI and gingival SBI and oral flora, inflammatory factors, and immune function indicators, Pearson correlation analysis was performed. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus digestiveis, Prevotella intermedia, Veronococcus, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ had a positive correlation with GI and SBI, while IL-10 and CD8+ were negatively correlated with GI and SBI. Oral flora, inflammatory factors and immune function indicators levels are largely elevated in patients with CP and they are correlated with CP clinical indicators.

Study on the intake and efficacy of nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in women. This study aimed to investigate the intake and effect of nab-paclitaxel in chemotherapy for patients with advanced cervical cancer, to collect more evidence for clinical medication. A total of 96 patients with advanced cervical cancer who received chemotherapy treatment in Wuhan Third Hospital from July 2021 to July 2022 were randomly divided into observation group (treated with nab-paclitaxel + cisplatin) and control group (treated with paclitaxel + cisplatin) by envelope method. The short-term efficacy, tumor markers, immune function indicators, adverse reactions and quality of life of both groups were observed and compared with each other. After treatment, serum tumor markers were notably decreased, while cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ and CD4+/cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)+ were clearly increased in both groups. The observation group showed the improvement effect of each index in a statistically significant manner (p &lt; 0.05) than the control group. The effective disease control rate of observation group was higher than that of the control group while the incidence of treatment-related adverse reactions in the observation group was higher than that of the control group. The observation group indicated improved effective rate of Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) than the control group (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, nab-paclitaxel has significant advantages in chemotherapy for patients suffering from advanced cervical cancer, which can strengthen immune function, improve the effectiveness of disease control, and promote the improvement of functional status.

The Association of Immune and Liver Functions in Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia Children with Andrographolide Sulfonate's Therapy.

The aim of this study was to explore the association of immune and liver functions' alteration in mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) children with the therapeutic effect of andrographolide sulfonate's curative outcome. From January 2019 to April 2021, a group of 102 MPP child patients was divided into severe and mild cases in the light of the disease's severity, and involvement of 57 healthy child patients during the identical period was as the control. Comparison of immune function among three groups [immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM)] and liver function indexes [Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] was to analyze its association and assessment value for the illness's severity. IgA and IgM in MPP child patients were declined with the illness's severity, while ALT, AST and GGT were elevated with it (p < 0.05). AUC of combined detection of immune and liver function indexes in assessing MPP's severity in children was augmented vs. each index's alone examination (p < 0.05). IgA was negatively associated with MPP's severity in children, while ALT, AST, and GGT were positively associated with it (p < 0.05). IgA in the effective was augmented vs. the noneffective, while ALT, AST, and GGT were declined vs. the noneffective (p < 0.05). The immune and liver functions of MPP child patients are associated with the illness's severity and provide an assessment value for the disease's severity and Andro-S's curative outcome.

Effect of anlotinib combined with camrelizumab on clinical efficacy and short-term prognosis in male patients with advanced gastric cancer

This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining anlotinib with camrelizumab on clinical efficacy and short-term prognosis in male patients with advanced gastric cancer. A total of 88 male patients admitted to our hospital between May 2019 and March 2022 with advanced gastric cancer were included and randomly assigned to Group A (treated with anlotinib alone) or Group B (treated with anlotinib combined with camrelizumab) using the envelope method, with 44 patients in each group. Their clinical efficacy, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and programmeddeath-1 (PD-1) expression on Cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) and cytotoxic Tlymphocyte (CD8+ T) cells in peripheral blood, immune function parameters, tumor markers, incidence of adverse reactions and survival time were compared. The results showed that the patients in Group B had significantly higher objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), superior PD-1 in VEGF, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, significantly improved immune function indicators and tumor markers (Carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA50), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1)), and significantly longer progression-free survival and overall survival than Group A. In addition, no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was observed. Therefore, the combination of anlotinib and camrelizumab could be a clinically beneficial treatment option and recommended for male patients with advanced gastric cancer as it can effectively control tumor progression, improve clinical efficacy and prolong their survival without increasing adverse reactions.

Persistent Inflammation in Cerebral Palsy: Pathogenic Mediator or Comorbidity? A Scoping Review.

Research has established inflammation in the pathogenesis of brain injury and the risk of developing cerebral palsy (CP). However, it is unclear if inflammation is solely pathogenic and primarily contributes to the acute phase of injury, or if inflammation persists with consequence in CP and may therefore be considered a comorbidity. We conducted a scoping review to identify studies that analyzed inflammatory biomarkers in CP and discuss the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of CP and/or as a comorbidity. Twelve included studies reported a range of analytes, methods and biomarkers, including indicators of inflammatory status, immune function and genetic changes. The majority of controlled studies concluded that one or more systemic biomarkers of inflammation were significantly different in CP versus controls; most commonly serum or plasma cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor, Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. In addition, differences in inflammation were noted in distinct subgroups of CP (e.g., those with varying severity). The available evidence supports the pathogenic role of inflammation and its ongoing role as a comorbidity of CP. This review shows that inflammation may persist for decades, driving functional impairment across development and into adulthood. However, inflammation is complex, thus further research will increase our understanding.

Links between inflammation and immune functioning with cognitive status among older Americans in the Health and Retirement Study

Elevated inflammation and poor immune functioning are tied to worse cognitive health. Both processes are fundamental to aging and are strongly implicated in the development of age-related health outcomes, including cognitive status. However, results from prior studies evaluating links between indicators of inflammation and immune function and cognitive impairment have been inconsistent due to biomarker selection, sample selection, and cognitive outcome. Using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative study of older adults in the United States, we assessed how indicators of inflammation (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), albumin, CRP, IL6, IL10, IL-1Ra, sTNFR1, and TGFβ1) and immune functioning (CMV, CD4+ TN/TM, and CD8+ TN/TM) are associated with cognitive status. First, to examine the association between each biomarker and cognitive status, we tested whether markers of inflammation and immune functioning varied across cognitive status categories. We found that dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) were associated with elevated inflammation and poorer immune functioning across biomarkers except for CD4+ TN/TM. Next, we estimated multinomial logistic regression models to assess which biomarkers would continue to be associated with dementia and CIND, net of each other. In these models, albumin, cytokines, CMV, CD4+ TN/TM, and CD8+ TN/TM are associated with cognitive status. Because poor immune functioning and increased inflammation are associated with cognitive impairment, improving immune functioning and reducing inflammation may provide a mechanism for reducing ADRD risk in the population.

Efficacy of Modified Nonpneumatic Transaxillary Approach in the Treatment of Thyroid Cancer and Its Effect on Immune Function and Parathyroid Function.

Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of modified nonpneumatic transaxillary approach in the treatment of thyroid cancer and its effect on immune function and parathyroid function. Methods A total of 96 patients with thyroid cancer who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected and randomly divided into the control group of 48 cases and the observation group of 48 cases. The control group was given open surgery, and for the observation group, modified nonpneumatic transaxillary approach was used for treatment. The perioperative related indicators, the incidence of complications, as well as the changes of immune function indicators, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. Results The time of flap separation and cavity construction, operation time, and hospital stay in the observation group were significantly longer than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After operation, CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups were lower than those before operation (P < 0.05), but the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The serum PTH and calcium at 1 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after operation were lower than those before operation in this group (P < 0.05), but the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the incidence of complications in the observation group (4.17% vs. 6.25%) was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion Compared with open surgery, the modified nonpneumatic transaxillary approach in the treatment of thyroid cancer is more effective in reducing immune function decline, hypoparathyroidism, and hypocalcemia; although the operation time and recovery time are longer, and it is safe. Sex is also high.

Antinuclear antibodies in healthy population: Positive association with abnormal tissue metabolism, inflammation and immune dysfunction

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are a spectrum of autoantibodies that react with cell nucleus structures. ANA assay is a screening test for the diagnosis of autoimmune disease. Although many patients with positive ANA did not develop autoimmune diseases, it is unclear whether high concentrations of ANA have potential damage to the body. In this study, we conducted an epidemiological survey of ANAs in healthy population, and further examined the associations of ANA with clinical laboratory indicators, inflammation indicators and immune function indicators in a large health checkup population-based cohort. We found the positive rate of ANA was 7.09%, of which the positive rate of female (10.2%) was higher than that of male (4.6%). Moreover, our data showed that ANA positive population present a higher rate of metabolic abnormalities than control group. We further detected the inflammatory and immune-related indicators of ANA positive population, and found that high ANA was correlated with inflammatory and immune dysfunction. In conclusion, our results indicated that the positive rate of ANA was high in healthy population. Moreover, high levels of ANAmight be involved in the metabolic abnormalities, inflammation and immune dysfunction. Thus, ANA testing should be routine for healthy people, and to avoid misdiagnosis, those who had clinical symptoms should be further examined for the subtype of ANA present in the serum.

Application of Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy Combined with Liuzijue Breathing Exercise in the Treatment of Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Objective To evaluate the application value of acupoint catgut embedding therapy combined with Liuzijue breathing exercise in the treatment of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its impact on immune function and quality of life. Methods A total of 100 patients with stable COPD admitted to our hospital from February 2020 to February 2021 were included and assigned to the experimental group (n = 50) and the control group (n = 50) according to the order of admission. Both groups of patients received conventional treatment. The control group was given daily inhalation of budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation (320 ug/bottle), and the experimental group received additional acupoint catgut embedding therapy combined with Liuzijue breathing exercise. The clinical efficacy, pulmonary function indexes, activities of daily living (ADL) scores, quality of life (QOL) scores, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, the number of acute exacerbations, medical expenses, the incidence of adverse reactions, and immune indicators were compared between the two groups of patients. Results The experimental group yielded a significantly higher effective rate of treatment than the control group (P < 0.05). After the treatment, the experimental group obtained a superior outcome in terms of lung function indexes, immune function indexes, ADL and QOL scores, and the TCM syndrome scores when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The number of acute exacerbations in the experimental group was remarkably lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). No serious adverse reactions were observed in the two groups of patients, and no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions was found (P > 0.05). Conclusion Acupoint catgut embedding therapy combined with Liuzijue breathing exercise, with high safety, can improve the treatment effect and the quality of life of patients with stable COPD, which merits clinical promotion.

Effect of Quality Control Circle Activity Nursing Combined with Respiratory Function Exercise Nursing on Patients with Esophageal Cancer.

Objective To explore the effect of quality control circle activity nursing combined with respiratory function exercise nursing on esophageal cancer patients' immune function and nutritional status. Methods The clinical case data of 119 esophageal cancer patients admitted to our hospital were selected as the research objects from May 2019 to July 2021. They were divided into the quality control circle activity care group (QCCAC) (9 cases dropped due to incomplete case data, n= 50) and respiratory function exercise care group (10 cases dropped due to incomplete case data, n=50) by the random number table method, the respiratory function exercise care group was treated with respiratory function exercise care, while the QCCAC group was treated with QCCAC. Changes in lung function, immune function, and nutritional status before and after nursing were compared in the two groups of patients. Results Before nursing, there was no significant difference in pulmonary function indexes, immune function indexes, and the level of nutritional status indicators between the two groups (P > 0.05). After nursing, the finger pulse oxygen saturation, vital capacity (VC), respiratory rate, forced vital capacity (FVC), deep inspiratory volume (IC), and maximum ventilation (MVV) of the QCCAC improved, and the QCCAC group was significantly higher than the respiratory function exercise care group (P < 0.05). After nursing, the QCCAC's CD3+, CD4+, IgG, IgM, and IgA levels increased, and the QCCAC group was significantly higher than the respiratory function exercise care group. The CD8+ level decreased, and the QCCAC was lower than the respiratory function exercise care group (P < 0.05). After continuous nursing, the QCCAC's D-lactic acid, DAO, FFMI, Hb, ALB, PA, and other nutritional evaluation indexes all increased, and the QCCAC was significantly higher than the respiratory function exercise care group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Quality control circle activity nursing combined with respiratory function exercise nursing can effectively improve the immune function, respiratory function, and nutritional status of esophageal cancer patients.

A combined spatial score of granzyme B and CD68 surpasses CD8 as an independent prognostic factor in TNM stage II colorectal cancer

BackgroundPrevious assessments of peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate in colorectal cancer (CRC) have focused on the role of CD8+ T lymphocytes. We sought to compare the prognostic value of CD8 with downstream indicators of active immune cell function, specifically granzyme B (GZMB) and CD68 in the tumour microenvironment.MethodsImmunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed for CD8, GZMB, CD68 and CD163 on next-generation tissue microarrays (ngTMAs) in a primary cohort (n = 107) and a TNM stage II validation cohort (n = 151). Using digital image analysis, frequency of distinct immune cell types was calculated for tumour proximity (TP) zones with varying radii (10 μm-100 μm) around tumour cells.ResultsAssociations notably of advanced TNM stage were observed for low density of CD8 (p = 0.002), GZMB (p < 0.001), CD68 (p = 0.034) and CD163 (p = 0.011) in the primary cohort. In the validation cohort only low GZMB (p = 0.036) was associated with pT4 stage. Survival analysis showed strongest prognostic effects in the TP25μm zone at the tumour centre for CD8, GZMB and CD68 (all p < 0.001) in the primary cohort and for CD8 (p = 0.072), GZMB (p = 0.035) and CD68 (p = 0.004) in the validation cohort with inferior prognostic effects observed at the tumour invasive margin. In a multivariate survival analysis, joint analysis of GZMB and CD68 was similarly prognostic to CD8 in the primary cohort (p = 0.007 vs. p = 0.002) and superior to CD8 in the validation cohort (p = 0.005 vs. p = 0.142).ConclusionCombined high expression of GZMB and CD68 within 25 μm to tumour cells is an independent prognostic factor in CRC and of superior prognostic value to the well-established CD8 in TNM stage II cancers. Thus, assessment of antitumoral effect should consider the quality of immune activation in peritumoral inflammatory cells and their actual proximity to tumour cells.

A Clinical Study on the Use of Yiqi Yangxue Decoction Combined with Chemotherapy to Promote Rapid Postoperative Recovery in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose To observe the promotion effect of Yiqi Yangxue decoction combined with chemotherapy on the rapid recovery of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after surgery. Methods Eighty postoperative NSCLC patients admitted to our hospital from April 2019 to September 2021 were divided into a chemotherapy group (n = 40) and a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (n = 40) according to a random sampling method. Both groups were treated with surgery and postoperative routine chemotherapy. The TCM group was treated with Yiqi Yangxue decoction, one dose per day, starting from the first day of chemotherapy. Four weeks was a course of treatment, and three courses of treatment were taken continuously. The levels of serum tumour markers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125)), immune function indicators (CD3+, CD4+/CD8+, and NK cells), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was assessed with reference to the WHO efficacy criteria for solid tumours, and the toxic side effects of the two groups were assessed with reference to the WHO classification criteria for the toxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Results After treatment, the levels of CEA, CYFRA21-1, and CA-125 were lower than those before treatment in both groups, and they were lower in the TCM group than in the chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+/CD8+, and NK cells in both groups were higher than before treatment, and they were higher in the TCM group than in the chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the PSQI and ISI scores of both the groups were lower than those before treatment, and they were higher in the TCM group than in the chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the overall tumour control rate was higher in the TCM group than in the chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). During the treatment period, the TCM group showed lower levels of gastrointestinal reactions, leucopenia, anaemia, and neurotoxicity than the chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The combination of Yiqi Yangxue decoction combined with chemotherapy for postoperative NSCLC patients can effectively reduce serum tumour marker levels, enhance the body's immune function and sleep quality, and the patient's efficacy and toxicity reduction are obvious, which is conducive to the rapid recovery of many indicators after surgery.

Maternal resveratrol regulates the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of suckling piglets through intestinal microorganisms at high summer temperatures.

BackgroundResveratrol has numerous beneficial properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. High summer temperatures in Southern China affect the reproductive performance of sows. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation in different thermal environments on the reproductive performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal microbes of sows and piglets during late gestation and lactation, as well as their relationship with colostrum immunoglobulin.MethodsA two-phase experiment was conducted with 40 healthy multiparous sows. In the first phase of the experiment, 20 sows were used in a moderate temperature environment, and in the second phase of the experiment, the remaining 20 sows were used in a high-temperature environment. In both phases, sows were fed either a control diet or a diet consists of control diet and 300 mg/kg resveratrol starting on day 75 of gestation. Plasma, milk, and fecal samples were collected to obtain the indices of antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal microbes.ResultsThe results showed that resveratrol supplementation increased the number of live births by 13.24 and 26.79% in the first and second phases, respectively, compared with the control group. In the second phase, resveratrol supplementation increased litter weight at weaning and in the concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin (INS), progesterone (PROG), triglycerides, and uric acid (UA). The plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) level on day 110 of gestation and day 14 of lactation, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) on day 14 of lactation in the first phase, showed an increasing trend (p = 0.0728, p = 0.0932, and p = 0.067, respectively) in the resveratrol group, compared with the control group. On day 14 of lactation, the plasma total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) level was higher in the second phase, while the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level was lower in both phases in the resveratrol group. Resveratrol supplementation increased the abundance of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in colostrum and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Alloprevotella but decreased the relative abundance of Escherichia-shigella in piglet feces in the second phase. In addition, Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that the weight gain of weaned piglets was positively (p < 0.05) associated with IgM content in colostrum and the abundance of Lactobacillus in the fecal microbiota of piglets in the second phase. Moreover, the abundance of Alloprevotella was positively correlated with the contents of IgA and IgG in colostrum, while the abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with IgM content.ConclusionThese findings indicated that maternal resveratrol supplementation could enhance the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of piglets in a high temperature environment, which might be associated with increased immunoglobin secretion from colostrum.

The Effect of PD-1 Inhibitor Combined with Chemotherapy on the Level of Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes among Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Its Relationship with Prognosis.

Objective To explore the effect of combined treatment of PD-1 inhibitor and chemotherapy on the level of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and its relationship with prognosis. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on 150 NSCLC patients treated in Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital from June 2018 to September 2020, including 77 patients treated with PD-1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy as the observation group (OG) and 73 patients with chemotherapy alone as the control group (CG). Therapeutic efficacy, immune function indexes, serum tumor markers, incidence of adverse reactions during hospitalization, 1-year survival rate, and life quality after 6 months of treatment were observed and compared between two groups. Results Compared to the CG, the therapeutic effect of OG was evidently better. Six months after treatment, levels of CD4+/CD8+, NK cells, and CD4 + in two groups were elevated markedly, and indexes of OG were notably and comparatively higher than those in the other group. After treatment, OG was observed with a marked decline regarding levels of CYFRA21-1, CEA, and CA125 compared to those in the CG; and there was no notable difference in terms of adverse reaction occurrence between two groups, but the 1-year survival rate and 6-month life quality in OG over ranked those in CG. Conclusion For NSCLC patients, the PD-1 inhibitor given on the basis of chemotherapy can further improve the clinical efficacy and improve immune function and long-term survival rate of patients on the premise of ensuring the safety of treatment, which is worth promoting in clinical practice.

Effects of Chinese yam polysaccharides on the immune function and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Chinese yam polysaccharides (CYP) in diets on the immune function of broilers. A total of 360 (1-day-old, sex balance) healthy growing broilers with similar body weight (39.54 ± 0.51 g) were randomly divided into control (0.00 g/kg), CYP I (0.25 g/kg), CYP II (0.50 g/kg), and CYP III (1.00 g/kg) groups. Each group contains 3 replicates with 30 broilers in each replicate, and the feeding trial lasted 48 d. The results showed that compared with the control group, the CYP II group had higher thymus index, serum IgA, complement C3, C4, IGF-I, T3, T4, INS, GH, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α levels (P < 0.05) at 28, 48 d, respectively. In addition, the spleen index, serum IgM and IgG concentrations in CYP II group were higher than those in the control group at 28 d (P < 0.05). Results indicated that 0.50 g/kg CYP supplementation improved the immune function of broilers, and the CYP has a potential biological function as a green additive in broilers.

A multi-country, prospective cohort study to measure rate and risk of relapse among children recovered from severe acute malnutrition in Mali, Somalia, and South Sudan: a study protocol

BackgroundThe Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) model transformed the treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) by shifting treatment from inpatient facilities to the community. Evidence shows that while CMAM programs are effective in the initial recovery from SAM, recovery is not sustained for some children requiring them to receive treatment repeatedly. This indicates a potential gap in the model, yet little evidence is available on the incidence of relapse, the determinants of the phenomena, or its financial implications on program delivery.MethodsThis study is a multi-country prospective cohort study following “post-SAM” children (defined as children following anthropometric recovery from SAM through treatment in CMAM) and matched community controls (defined as children not previously experiencing acute malnutrition (AM)) monthly for six months. The aim is to assess the burden and determinants of relapse to SAM. This study design enables the quantification of relapse among post-SAM children, but also to determine the relative risk for, and excess burden of, AM between post-SAM children and their matched community controls. Individual -, household-, and community-level information will be analyzed to identify potential risk-factors for relapse, with a focus on associations between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related exposures, and post-discharge outcomes. The study combines a microbiological assessment of post-SAM children’s drinking water, food, stool via rectal swabs, dried blood spots (DBS), and assess for indicators of enteric pathogens and immune function, to explore different exposures and potential associations with treatment and post-treatment outcomes.DiscussionThis study is the first of its kind to systematically track children after recovery from SAM in CMAM programs using uniform methods across multiple countries. The design allows the use of results to: 1) facilitate understandings of the burden of relapse; 2) identify risk factors for relapse and 3) elucidate financial costs associated with relapse in CMAM programs. This protocol’s publication aims to support similar studies and evaluations of CMAM programs and provides opportunities for comparability of an evidence-based set of indicators for relapse to SAM.

Clinical Efficacy, Survival, and Adverse Reaction Evaluation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective To systematically assess the clinical effect and survival time of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs) in advanced gastric cancer (GC) and adverse reactions to provide evidence-based medicine for its enhancement and adoption. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Network database (CNKI), China VIP database, Wanfang database, and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) online database were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of immuno-checkpoint inhibitors in advanced GC therapy. Retrieval time was limited to the period from the date the database was established to present. Separately, two researchers gathered the data. Statistical software RevMan5.4 was used to estimate bias risk according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.3 standard. Results The computer database retrieved 1723 articles, and 465 articles were eliminated when repeated studies were removed. After screening the titles and abstracts of 287 articles, 124 articles were contained after eliminating irrelevant studies, reviews, case reports, and no control literature. After carefully reading 108 studies with insufficient data and no major outcome markers, 6 RCTs were eventually contained. 4 articles compared the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) after treatment. The result indicated that the levels of serum CEA and CA199 in the study group were notably lower, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The immune function indexes after treatment were compared, suggesting that the improvement of immune function indexes in the study group was notably better, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Three clinical trials reported the median progression-free survival (PFS). The PFS of the study group was notably longer after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The occurrence of adverse reactions after treatment was analyzed by meat, and all the literatures were analyzed. No notable differences were observed in the incidence of adverse reactions. Conclusion ICIs associated with chemotherapy is effective when treating GC, which can effectively promote the disease control rate of patients, enhance immune function, reduce the level of tumor markers, and prolong survival time. The safety is controllable, which is worth popularizing in clinical practice. However, more studies and follow-up with higher methodological quality and longer intervention time are needed to further verify it.

Effect of Loratadine Tablets in Combination with Other Drugs on Nasal Physiological Function and T Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis.

Objective To investigate the effects of loratadine tablets in combination with other drugs on nasal physiological function and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods A total of 120 AR patients treated in our hospital from February 2018 to February 2021 were randomly divided into control group and research group. The control group was given mometasone furoate nasal spray combined with loratadine tablets, while the research group was given budesonide combined with loratadine. The efficacy, duration of clinical symptom remission, immune function indicators, T lymphocyte subset, nasal physiological function, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The efficacy results of the two groups showed that the effective rate of the research group was 96.67%, while the effective rate of the control group was 83.33%. The effective rate in the research group was higher compared to the control group (χ2: 5.925 P < 0.05). The results of clinical symptom relief time showed that the clinical symptom relief time of nasal congestion, itching, runny nose, and sneezing in the research group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of the comparison of immune function indicators showed that the IL-6, IL-8, and IgE of the research group were lower than those of the control group, while the Th1/Th2 of the research group were higher than those of the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in T lymphocyte subsets before nursing, but after treatment, the T lymphocyte subsets of the two groups decreased, and the level of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes in the research group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Before treatment, there exhibited no significant difference in nasal physiological function, but after treatment, the nasal physiological function of the two groups was enhanced, and the MTT, NR, and MCR of the research group were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Finally, the incidence of adverse reactions in the research group was lower compared to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Budesonide and loratadine are effective in improving patient efficacy, T lymphocyte subsets, and nasal physiological function, and are safer.

Application Value of Nutrition Support Team in Chemotherapy Period of Colon Cancer Based on Internet Multidisciplinary Treatment Mode.

Objective To explore the application value of the nutrition support team in chemotherapy period of colon cancer based on the internet multidisciplinary treatment mode. Methods For the method of retrospective study, 90 patients with colon cancer admitted to our hospital from August 2018 to August 2020 were selected as the study subjects. They were equally divided into the experimental group (n = 45) and the control group (n = 45) according to the order of initials and the method of parity group. The control group was given conventional nutrition support, and the experimental group was given the nutrition support under the internet multidisciplinary treatment mode. The serum tumor marker levels (CEA and CA19-9), immune function indexes, nutrition indicators, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after intervention. Results The serum tumor marker levels in the experimental group after intervention were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The immune function indexes in the experimental group after intervention were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The nutrition indicators in the experimental group after intervention were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions above grade 2 in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were 20 patients with myelosuppression, 2 patients with neurotoxicity, and 1 patient with hand and foot syndrome in the experimental group, while 22 patients with myelosuppression, 4 patients with neurotoxicity, and 2 patients with hand and foot syndrome in the control group, with no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The nutrition support team under the internet multidisciplinary treatment mode can improve the immune function of chemotherapy patients with colon cancer and enhance their nutritional level, thereby reducing the incidence of adverse reactions and improving the chemotherapy effects.