Index Parameters Research Articles

LoxBlock-1 or Curcumin attenuates liver, pancreas and cardiac ferroptosis, oxidative stress and injury in Ischemia/reperfusion-damaged rats by facilitating ACSL/GPx4 signaling

In this study, the effects of the pretreatment of Curcumin and LoxBlock-1 on liver, pancreas, and cardiac dysfunction following Ischemia-Reperfusion-induced (IR) Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) were investigated through the mechanisms of oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) parameters in the tissue were analyzed to investigate the oxidative stress occurring in the liver, pancreas, and heart, and Acyl-Coa synthetase long-chain family member (ACSL4). Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) enzyme levels were also analyzed by ELISA to investigate the effect on ferroptosis. In addition, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed for histopathological examination of the tissues. As a result of biochemical analyzes, it was observed that oxidative stress parameters increased significantly in the IR group. In addition, while the ACSL4 enzyme level increased in the IR group in all tissues, the GPx4 enzyme level decreased. In the histopathological examination, it was observed that IR caused serious damage to the heart, liver, and pancreas tissues. The present study shows that Curcumin and LoxBlock-1 have a protective effect on the liver, pancreas, and cardiac ferroptosis following the effect on AKI. In addition, Curcumin was found to be more effective than LoxBlock-1 in I/R injury with its antioxidant property.

Effects of exercise treatment on functional outcome parameters in mid-portion achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review.

Exercise interventions are evident in the treatment of mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy (AT). However, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the effect of different exercise treatments on improving a specific function (e.g., strength) in this population. Thus, this study aimed to systematically review the effect of exercise treatments on different functional outcomes in mid-portion AT. An electronic database of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 21 February 2023. Studies that investigated changes in plantar flexor function with exercise treatments were considered in mid-portion AT. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials (CCTs) were included. Functional outcomes were classified by kinetic (e.g., strength), kinematic [e.g., ankle range of motion (ROM)], and sensorimotor (e.g., balance index) parameters. The types of exercise treatments were classified into eccentric, concentric, and combined (eccentric plus concentric) training modes. Quality assessment was appraised using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale for RCTs, and the Joanna Briggs Institute scale for CCTs. The search yielded 2,260 records, and a total of ten studies were included. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, a qualitative synthesis was performed. Eccentric training led to improvements in power outcomes (e.g., height of countermovement jump), and in strength outcomes (e.g., peak torque). Concentric training regimens showed moderate enhanced power outcomes. Moreover, one high-quality study showed an improvement in the balance index by eccentric training, whereas the application of concentric training did not. Combined training modalities did not lead to improvements in strength and power outcomes. Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion ROM measures did not show relevant changes by the exercise treatments. In conclusion, eccentric training is evident in improving strength outcomes in AT patients. Moreover, it shows moderate evidence improvements in power and the sensorimotor parameter "balance index". Concentric training presents moderate evidence in the power outcomes and can therefore be considered as an alternative to improve this function. Kinematic analysis of plantarflexion and dorsiflexion ROM might not be useful in AT people. This study expands the knowledge what types of exercise regimes should be considered to improve the functional outcomes in AT.

Physio Biochemical Aspects of Sleeping Patterns in Relation to Plasma Glycated Haemoglobin Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a persistent metabolic condition distinguished by raised levels of glucose in the bloodstream, commonly referred to as hyperglycemia. This phenomenon arises due to insufficient endogenous insulin production or impaired insulin utilization by the body. Insulin is a hormone that is biosynthesized and secreted by the pancreatic gland, functioning to modulate the concentration of blood glucose in the body. Glycated hemoglobin, typically referred to as hemoglobin A1c or HbA1c, is a variant of hemoglobin that undergoes glycation upon prolonged exposure to elevated levels of glucose within the bloodstream. Hemoglobin is a crucial protein that is present within erythrocytes and is primarily responsible for the transportation of oxygen across the various tissues of the body. The assessment of HbA1c serves as a means of determining an individual's mean blood glucose levels during the preceding two to three months. The monitoring of long-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus is widely recognized to be of utmost importance, with a valuable marker for this purpose being deemed necessary. The levels of HbA1c are commonly reported as a proportion of the total hemoglobin within the circulating blood in the form of a percentage. Objective: To compare the effects of sleeping patterns and plasma glycated haemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetic and non diabetic patients Study Design: Quantitative cross sectional Settings: Punjab Rangers Teaching Hospital, Lahore Duration: Four months i.e. 1st August 2022 to 31st December 2022 Data Collection Procedure: A pre validated questionnaire was used. Study was carried out at Punjab Rangers Teaching Hospital, Lahore. The total numbers of faculty members were 70 who participated after taking the informed consent. The study was done by simple random sampling technique. A fasting blood glucose analysis was conducted on all subjects through the collection of a 5cc blood sample. The study enrolled participants who were divided into two distinct groups based on their fasting blood glucose levels in which 35 were diabetic and 35 were controlled. Mean & standard deviation was calculated. P value is <0.005 means significant. Results: There were 70 participants in the study which equally divided into two groups i.e. thirty five each namely diabetic and controlled one. The participants in diabetic group include 18 males and 17 females while in control group 22 males and 13 females. After analyzing the data we came to know the statistical significant results were shown by insomnia severity index and HbA1c parameters as indicating major difference when compared both controlled and diabetic group in each parameter. Epworth sleepiness scale did not show any significant difference. Conclusion: It is concluded in this study that patients with poor diabetic control have less diabetic HbA1c control which increase higher levels of insomnia which clearly noted in the diabetic group when compared to control one. If we control the glycemic control of patients then definitely the level of insomnia decreases by providing the sleep comfort in daily life. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, glycated haemoglobin, sleeping patterns, Type 2 diabetes, Insulin

Partial Slip Effects on MHD Peristaltic Flow of Carreau-Yasuda Fluid (CY) Through a Planner Micro-Channel

In modern applied mathematics, engineering, and the physiological world, the concept of peristalsis is of great significance. The present article concentrates on the peristaltic movement of Carreau-Yasuda fluid through planner micro-channel under the influence of applied magnetic field and partial slip conditions. The governing system of equations are nondimensionalized and transformed using basic assumptions such as long wavelength and low Reynolds number. A bulti-in route "ND solve" in Mathematica exercised to solve obtained nonlinear coupled equations with appropriate boundary conditions. Obtained results are elucidated by plotting graphs for different physiological constraints such as velocity, temperature, and concentration. Physical characteristics such as skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are discussed via table results. The typical character of this work e.g. flow index parameter exhibits that the apparent fluid viscosity becomes high when it has a higher value due to which fluid faces more resistance and the presence of a higher magnetic effect predicts the decreasing behavior on velocity. Additionally, the trapping phenomenon explains bolus movement and are discussed briefly.

Association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, handgrip strength and nutritional status in geriatric patients

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), handgrip strength (HGS) and nutritional status in non-critically ill patients and outpatients.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 geriatric patients. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, some anthropometric and biochemical parameters. NLR was calculated from the complete blood count results. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0.FindingsWhile 38.3% of patients were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, 61.7% had normal nutritional status. Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form was not correlated with NLR, whereas it showed a weak positive correlation with HGS. According to the logistic regression analysis, age, HGS, hemoglobin and platelet to lymphocyte ratio were significant independent factors for predicting malnutrition or risk of malnutrition. The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimum HGS cut-off point for patients with malnourished or at risk of malnutrition was 13.2. In conclusion, HGS was associated with the nutritional status. NLR was not associated with nutritional status but associated with nutritional risk.Originality/valueIt is well known that malnutrition is a serious health problem among older adults, and it is important to assess the nutritional status of older adults because of the adverse health effects. In addition, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to determine the relationship between NLR, HGS and nutritional status in non-critically ill patients and outpatients.

Advanced Study of Optical Imaging Systems for Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays

Driven by the rapid innovation of science and technology and industrial manufacturing technology, virtual reality display technology has developed rapidly. At present, the application of virtual reality display technology is expanding in many fields such as military, medical, aviation and education. This paper analyzes the imaging principle of the human vision system and the optical performance requirements of VR heads-up display, summarizes the current design scheme of VR heads-up optical imaging system, focuses on the principle and index parameters of each optical system, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different schemes. The development prospects and directions of virtual reality headset displays are also prospected.

Effect of different injection fluids scenarios on swelling and migration of common clays in case of permeability variations: a micromodel study

Swelling and migration of present clays make damage to the oil reservoirs due to low salinity waterflooding (LSWF) can induce serious problems in the case of oil recovery improvement and researchers are trying to solve this problem. The purpose of this work is to investigate the mechanism of two phenomena of swelling and migration clays in the porous media of a reservoir rock by injecting a different composition of LSWF using a glass micromodel and providing the appropriate composition and pattern of injection with the removal of damage. Proper water flooding design, application of efficient swelling inhibitors, and migration control are among the most important methods to overcome the problem of formation damage due to swelling and migration of clays. A series of static (bulk or bottle test) and dynamic tests were carried out using a micromodel with a coating of kaolinite and montmorillonite clays in the vicinity and injection of different low salt water compositions. The type and amount of these clays were selected based on the results of XRD and SEM mineralogical tests on real reservoir rock, FW and diluted FW, SW and diluted SW, solution of 1% zirconium oxychloride in 20 times diluted seawater (SI), and composition of nanofluid MgO, SiO2, and Al2O3 in 20 times diluted. In the studies conducted by the micromodel, only the images taken were used in the analysis of the mechanisms, but here, the input and output pressures of the micromodel were recorded with high-precision pressure transmitters, and by using the differential pressure, the permeability was calculated and the formation damage index was introduced. The overlap of the interpretation of the captured images and the changes of the numerical parameter of the damage index in all stages of injection of smart water composition was considered to evaluate the simultaneous and separate mechanisms of swelling and migration of clays. The results of the experiments in this research show that clay swelling has destructive effects on permeability, and migration due to the transfer of clays from the porous medium can have promising effects on reducing the damage index in some conditions. And it is necessary to use the swelling control compound during the flooding process, but the migration inhibitor compound is not always suitable. Gradual reduction of salinity is also introduced as a pattern to prevent swelling damage or clay migration.In general, in this study, the best design and fluid engineering for smart water injection with the least damage in the micromodel scale was presented.

Effects of using composite flour containing wheat flour with different levels of green banana pulp flour on the quality of saj flatbread

There is an increasing trend in formulating food to contain dietary fibers and particularly resistant starch. Saj bread (a type of flatbread baked on a plate placed directly on fire) is a potential candidate to act as a vehicle for delivering resistant starch. This study aimed to investigate the effects of using composite flour containing wheat flour substituted with different levels (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) of green banana pulp flour "GBPF" on some physicochemical properties of flour (moisture, ash, wet and dry gluten content, gluten index, falling number, and farinograph parameters) and the quality of saj bread as measured by CIELAB color space, texture (stretchability and texture profile analysis "TPA"), and sensory properties. The texture of the saj bread was monitored during three days of storage. Composite flour moisture content and falling number were unaffected by wheat flour substitution with GBPF, while dry gluten content decreased significantly for composite flour containing 15% or more GBPF. With increasing wheat flour substitution level with GBPF, dough stability decreased. For saj bread color, the L* and b* values decreased with increasing substitution levels, while a* and ∆E*ab values increased. With increasing substitution levels, the stretchability of bread decreased, and all tested TPA parameters increased. With increasing saj bread storage time, the stretchability of bread decreased, and all TPA parameters increased except cohesiveness which decreased. Using composite flour improved bread taste and odor scores and decreased color acceptability scores. Texture and overall acceptability scores were not affected. In conclusion, GBPF can potentially substitute up to 20% wheat flour without negatively affecting saj bread quality.

Comparison between patient state index, bispectral index, and clinical parameters for propofol induction in Indian patients: A prospective study.

Patient state index (PSI) and bispectral index (BIS) are depth of anesthesia monitors utilized for the dosage of propofol usage for induction. We compare PSI, BIS, and Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/S) for propofol dose usage for induction. Seventy-four ASA I and II patients, aged 18-65 years scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included and divided into groups to titrate the drug dosage of propofol needed for induction of anesthesia, monitored by PSI (Group A), BIS (Group B), or clinical OAA/S (Group C). The drug dosage needed for induction was based on a PSI value of 25 ± 2, BIS value of 48 ± 2, and OAA/S value of ≤2 as the endpoint of induction in respective groups. Intraoperative hemodynamic variables and any complications were compared. The mean doses of propofol needed for induction were 2.23 mg/kg (Group A), 2.05 mg/kg (Group B), and 2.11 mg/kg (Group C). A significantly decreased dose was needed to achieve the desired end in Group B compared to Group A (P = 0.01). The hemodynamic variables such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure among the three groups were comparable. The clinical method of titrating the dose of propofol for induction and anesthetic depth by the loss of verbal response is comparable to both BIS and PSI monitoring.

Assessing temporal differences in the predictive power of baseline TyG-related parameters for future diabetes: an analysis using time-dependent receiver operating characteristics

BackgroundIt is known that measuring the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and TyG-related parameters [triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC), and triglyceride glucose-waist to height ratio (TyG-WHtR)] can predict diabetes; this study aimed to compare the predictive value of the baseline TyG index and TyG-related parameters for the onset of diabetes at different future periods.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal cohort study involving 15,464 Japanese people who had undergone health physical examinations. The subject’s TyG index and TyG-related parameters were measured at the first physical examination, and diabetes was defined according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. Multivariate Cox regression models and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to examine and compare the risk assessment/predictive value of the TyG index and TyG-related parameters for the onset of diabetes in different future periods.ResultsThe mean follow-up period of the current study cohort was 6.13 years, with a maximum of 13 years, and the incidence density of diabetes was 39.88/10,000 person-years. In multivariate Cox regression models with standardized hazard ratios (HRs), we found that both the TyG index and TyG-related parameters were significantly and positively associated with diabetes risk and that the TyG-related parameters were stronger in assessing diabetes risk than the TyG index, with TyG-WC being the best parameter (HR per SD increase: 1.70, 95% CI 1.46, 1.97). In addition, TyG-WC also showed the highest predictive accuracy in time-dependent ROC analysis for diabetes occurring in the short-term (2–6 years), while TyG-WHtR had the highest predictive accuracy and the most stable predictive threshold for predicting the onset of diabetes in the medium- to long-term (6–12 years).ConclusionsThese results suggest that the TyG index combined with BMI, WC, and WHtR can further improve its ability to assess/predict the risk of diabetes in different future periods, where TyG-WC was not only the best parameter for assessing diabetes risk but also the best risk marker for predicting future diabetes in the short-term, while TyG-WHtR may be more suitable for predicting future diabetes in the medium- to long-term.

Enalapril attenuated CFA provoked arthritic manifestation by modulating proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine network

Enalapril with documented anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated in current investigation to explore its anti-arthritic efficacy. For anti-arthritic evaluation of enalapril, CFA-instigated arthritic model was employed after which various parameters comprising paw volume, body weight, arthritic index, hematological and biochemical parameters, radiographic analysis and level of various cytokines were estimated. Enalapril demonstrated significant (p˂0.001) anti-arthritic activity by suppressing paw volume, arthritic index while preserved CFA instigated weight loss. Likewise, enalapril also normalized the hematological and biochemical alterations, suppressed the level of proinflammatory cytokines with elevation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Radiographic and histopathological analysis also further validates the anti-arthritic attribute of enalapril where enalapril preserved the normal architecture of arthritis induced joints. Outcomes of the study pointed out a notable anti-arthritic activity of enalapril. However detailed mechanistic studies are still required to point out the exact mechanism of action.

Assisted reproductive technology and interactions between serum basal FSH/LH and ovarian sensitivity index.

This study aimed to investigate whether the FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)/LH (Luteinizing hormone) ratio correlates with ovarian response in a cross-sectional retrospective study of a population with normal levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with data obtained from medical records from March 2019 to December 2019 at the reproductive center in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. The Spearmans correlation test evaluated correlations between Ovarian sensitivity index (OSI) and other parameters. The relationship between basal FSH/LH and ovarian response was analyzed using smoothed curve fitting to find the threshold or saturation point for the population with mean AMH level (1.1<AMH<6μg/L). The enrolled cases were divided into two groups according to AMH threshold. Cycle characteristics, cycle information and cycle outcomes were compared. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare different parameters between two groups separated by basal FSH/LH in the AMH normal group. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to find the risk factor for OSI. A total of 428 patients were included in the study. A significant negative correlation was observed between OSI and age, FSH, basal FSH/LH, Gn total dose, and Gn total days, while a positive correlation was found with AMH, AFC, retrieved oocytes, and MII egg. In patients with AMH <1.1 ug/L, OSI values decreased as basal FSH/LH levels increased, while in patients with 1.1<AMH<6 ug/L, OSI values remained stable with increasing basal FSH/LH levels. Logistic regression analysis identified age, AMH, AFC, and basal FSH/LH as significant independent risk factors for OSI. We conclude that increased basal FSH/LH in the AMH normal group reduces the ovarian response to exogenous Gn. Meanwhile, basal FSH/LH of 3.5 was found to be a useful diagnostic threshold for assessing ovarian response in people with normal AMH levels. OSI can be used as an indicator of ovarian response in ART treatment.

Evaluation of biometric indicators of anterior segment parameters after ICL implantation by swept-source optical coherence tomography

BackgroundTo evaluate anterior segment structural alterations after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation in myopic patients using swept-source quantitative optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).MethodsThis prospective study included 47 eyes in 24 patients with preoperative spherical equivalent ≥ -3.00 D. Patients underwent ICL implantation at Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, from May 2021 to December 2022. SS-OCT was used to measure anterior chamber width (ACW), angle opening distance (AOD), angle recess area (ARA), trabecular-iris area (TISA), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), iridotrabecular contact (ITC) area, and ITC Index before ICL implantation surgery and at 1 month follow-up. The correlations among the ITC index, vault, and angle parameters were analysed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to explore the ability of the vault to identify eyes with suspected angle-closure.ResultsAt one month following ICL implantation, the ITC area was 0.396 ± 0.37 mm2, and the ITC index is 8.143 ± 5.439%. All angle parameters, except ACW, showed a statistically significant reduction on SS-OCT (P < 0.05). Mean AOD500, AOD750, ARA500, ARA750, TISA500, TISA750, TIA500, and TIA750 values at one month postoperatively decreased by 60.0%, 60.4%, 58.1%, 59.2%, 57.3%, 58.7%, 48.8%, and 50.7%, respectively. The vault was positively correlated with the ITC index and percent change in anterior chamber angle parameters. A vault of > 0.659 mm was found to be optimal for angle-closure suspect with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 53.9%.ConclusionsAnterior chamber angle parameters decreased one month after ICL implantation, and their percentage changes and ITC index correlated with the vault. When the vault is larger than 0.659 mm, it is necessary to be alert to possible closed angle suspicion.

Detection of flood inundation in serayu watershed using landsat-8 and sentinel-2 satellite imagery

Floods are natural disasters that occur routinely almost every year in various regions in Indonesia, especially on the island of Java. According to the National Disaster Management Authority (BNPB), in 2001-2021 there were 5542 floods in Java. Determining the area of flood inundation is very important to know the potential and risk of the impact of flooding in an area. The purpose of this study is to develop a method of detecting flood inundation areas based on Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery data using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) parameter. The Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) method was chosen to classify inundated areas and non-flooded areas. The Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellite images were selected during the wet months that usually rain, January, February, March, November and December in 2020. The results show that the Landsat-8 satellite can detect water inundation better than the Sentinel-2 satellite. The results are influenced by the difference in recording time between the two satellites, the presence of clouds that cover the research location, and Landsat-8 imagery data that does not cover the entire location area.

Shaoyao decoction restores the mucus layer in mice with DSS-induced colitis by regulating Notch signaling pathway.

Restoring the mucus layer is a potential strategy for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). Previous studies reported that a Chinese medicine formula Shaoyao Decoction (SYD) effectively improved UC. However, the role and mechanism of SYD in restoring the mucus layer are still vague. This study aimed to research the therapeutical effects and unravel the involved mechanism of SYD on DSS-evoked UC. First, the constituents of SYD were detected by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Then, the DSS-induced UC model was introduced to investigate the pharmacologic action and molecular mechanism of SYD on UC. Pharmacodynamic indicators were assessed including body weight, colon length, ulcerations, disease activity index (DAI), inflammatory cytokines and histological parameters. To investigate the integrality and functions of the mucous layer, AB-PAS stain and UEA-1 stain were used to evaluate the completeness of mucous layer, as well as the maturation of goblet cells (GCs). The bacterial invasion was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. As to mechanism exploration, the expressions of Notch/Hes1 pathway were investigated by using agonists in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) -stimulated LS174T cell. After modeling in mice, SYD remarkedly ameliorated the symptoms of mouse colitis, the expression of pro-inflammatory factors declined, and increased IL-10 expression was observed in SYD-treated mice. Besides, SYD repaired the structure of the mucus layer and prevented bacterial invasion. Mechanism investigation discovered that SYD promoted GCs differentiation by inhibiting the Notch pathway, which was consistent with the results in LPS-challenged LS174cell. These findings demonstrated that SYD could restore the mucus layer to prevent UC via suppressing the Notch signaling pathway, which provided evidences for the UC treatment of SYD in the clinic.

Association between remnant lipoprotein cholesterol levels and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese populations: a Chinese longitudinal prospective cohort study

ObjectivesThe association between remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) levels and the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear, especially in non-obese populations.SettingWe used data from a health assessment database....

Effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Cassia fistula L. on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats

Objective: To explore the effect of Cassia fistula on collagen II-induced arthritis in rats. Methods: The effect of 250 and 500 mg/kg chloroform and hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia fistula leaf on collagen II-induced arthritis was investigated by evaluating paw volume, arthritis index, spleen index, and biochemical parameters. Histopathological analysis and docking study were also performed. Results: A dose-dependent reduction in paw volume, arthritic index, and spleen index was observed following oral administration of the chloroform and hydroalcoholic extracts. Treatment with Cassia fistula extracts reduced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, prostaglandin E2, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total leucocyte count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate while increasing IL-10 level. In addition, Cassia fistula extracts improved joint architecture, and prevented cartilage and bone destruction. Docking analysis demonstrated that the physcion, 1-octacosanol, 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1,2)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside and scopoletin may be responsible for the anti-arthritic effect of Cassia fistula. Conclusions: Cassia fistula suppresses the progression of collagen II-induced arthritis by lowering the inflammatory factors, decreasing paw volume and arthritic index, and alleviating joint architecture. However, further studies are required to confirm the bioactive molecule responsible for the anti-arthritic potential of Cassia fistula.

Predicting Geostationary 40–150 keV Electron Flux Using ARMAX (an Autoregressive Moving Average Transfer Function), RNN (a Recurrent Neural Network), and Logistic Regression: A Comparison of Models

AbstractWe screen several algorithms for their ability to produce good predictive models of hourly 40–150 keV electron flux at geostationary orbit (data from GOES‐13) using solar wind, Interplanetary Magnetic Field, and geomagnetic index parameters that would be available for real time forecasting. Value‐predicting models developed using ARMAX (autoregressive moving average transfer function), RNN (recurrent neural network), or stepwise‐reduced regression produced roughly similar results. Including magnetic local time as a categorical variable to describe both the differing levels of flux and the differing influence of parameters improved the models (r as high as 0.814; Heidke Skill Score (HSS) as high as 0.663), however value‐predicting models did a poor job at predicting highs and lows. Diagnostic tests are introduced (cubic fit to observation‐prediction relationship and Lag1 correlation) that better assess predictions of extremes than single metrics such as root mean square error, mean absolute error, or median symmetric accuracy. Classifier models (RNN and logistic regression) were equally able to predict flux rise above the 75th percentile (HSS as high as 0.667). Logistic regression models were improved by the addition of multiplicative interaction and quadratic terms. Only predictors from 1 or 3 hr before were necessary and a detailed description of flux time series behavior was not needed. Stepwise selection of these variables trimmed non‐contributing parameters for a more parsimonious and portable logistic regression model that predicted as well as neural network‐derived models. We provide a logistic regression model (LL3: LogisticLag3) based on inputs measured 3 hr previous, along with optimal probability thresholds, for future predictions.

Identifying the relationship between changes in vegetation indices and the anthropogenic activities in the tropical Semarang City of Indonesia using space imagery

The existence of vegetation in the watershed area as a function of maintaining the continuity of the process of soil infiltration, erosion resistance, and landslide resistance is essential. Studies that measure the existence of vegetation through vegetation index parameters by utilizing optical-based satellite imagery maps, as well as radiometric waves or Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR), have been widely carried out. However, attempts to test it to formulate it into vegetation resilience indices on the scale of functional areas such as watersheds are still a challenge in itself. In this study, the vegetation resilience index was measured by looking for spatial change patterns from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) in 2015-2021. This spatial pattern change is associated with anthropogenic factors represented by the dynamics of changes in vegetation to housing and population distribution. The use of residential land is obtained from the interpretation of optical-based satellite imagery maps from Google Earth sources mitigated by the administrative boundaries of villages. The population change was obtained from statistical data on the village’s population in the same year. The change in vegetation index, residential, and inhabitants were examined by the Spatial Autocorrelation (SA) using the Global Moran’s Index (GMI). Finally, the changes in the spatial patterns in vegetation indices, residentials index, and inhabitant index were conducted with correlation analysis to determine the relationship between these parameters. The results of GMI indicate a tendency towards dispersion in NDVI and SAVI, which showed a linear index decline in the dry season but weak linear indices incline in the wet season. The trend of dispersion patterns also occurs in residential and inhabitants, showing a linear index decline with a high confidence level (R2=0.9171 in residentials and R2=0.5872 in inhabitants). The relationship between pattern changes in NDVI and SAVI and Residential and Inhabitant found by the following formula; NDVI = 0.214173 -3.12952 * Residential + 6.457788 * Inhabitant; SAVI = 0.101544 + 0.120294 * Residential + 1.963223 * Inhabitant.

Theoretical Explorations of Structural, Electronic, and Spectroscopic Properties of a Series of Ruthenium Schiff-Base Complexes

The present work concentrates on theoretical investigations of the substituent effects on the reactivity, electronic properties, and UV-vis spectra of a series of ruthenium-Schiff base complexes using density functional theory (DFT). Four complexes are studied herein, where N-(2¢-hydroxyphenyl)benzaldimine is the Schiff base differing in the para-substituent (R) on the benzaldehyde fragment (R = CH3, H, Cl, CF3). B3LYP/SDD-6-31G(d,p) level of theory has been used for computational studies (Gaussian 16). All the structures have been optimized, and the compositions of the frontier molecular orbitals have been analyzed. The energies of HOMO and LUMO and the global indices parameters have been calculated, which reveals that [Ru(PPh3)2(CO)(L-CF3)] is the most reactive complex and [Ru(PPh3)2(CO)(L-Cl)] the least. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) has been performed to study the electronic absorption parameters. The effect of solvent polarity upon absorption spectra has also been observed. It is found that the lowest energy absorptions in all the complexes show a blue shift with the increase in polarity of the solvent. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of the complexes has been conducted to examine the charge distribution on the donor and the acceptor atoms along with their variation with change in the para-substituent.