Roundness Index Research Articles

Body Shape Index, Body Adiposity Index, and Body Roundness Index to Predict Cardiovascular Health Status

Background: Obesity and overweight, the fifth noticeable reason for worldwide mortality, has been found directly related to cardiovascular illness and sudden death. This study aimed to evaluate anthropometric measurements including; a Body Shape Index (ABSI), Waist-Height Ratio (WHtR), Abdominal Volume Index (AVI) and Conicity Index (CI), the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at BMSI, Jinnah Post Graduate Hospital from March ‎2019 to September 2020. Participants selected (n=105 adults, aged 30-50 years) were divided into three groups (35 each). Group A: patients with diabetes <5 years without microalbuminuria, Group B: patients > 5 years of diabetes with microalbuminuria and Group C: healthy individuals. All measurements were estimated twice. Data was analyzed by SPSS and the mean difference was found by ANOVA. Linear regression was applied to predict variables and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The body mass index (BMI) among Group A, B and C was 25.1±0.04 kg/m2, 26.4±1.91 kg/m2 and 23.7±1.9 kg/m2 respectively. Statistically significant (p=0.000) mean difference for weight, BMI, WHtR, AVI and CI were observed among groups. A highly strong negative relationship between BMI with RPI and strong positive relationship of WHtR with AVI (r=0.887), BAI(r=0.929), CI(r=0.890), WWI(r=0.870), was found. However, highly strong positive relationship between ABSI with WWI and CI with WWI, was also observed. Conclusion: Predictors found related to cardiovascular health were BRI, BAI, and ABSI (p=0.000). However, neither the BRI, ABSI nor BAI showed ‎superior predictive power to WC, BMI, CI, WHtR and Conicity index. Keywords: Cardiovascular Abnormalities; Body Mass Index; Waist-Height Ratio (WHtR); Waist-Hip Ratio.

Analyze of obesity indicators and effect of fertility preservation treatment in patients with endometrial atypical hyperplasia and early endometrial cancer

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of obesity indicators in patients with endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) and early endometrial cancer (EC) and analyze the relationship between these indexes and effect of fertility preservation therapy. Methods: The clinical data of patients with EAH, EC and endometrial benign lesions treated in Peking University People's Hospital from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021 who required fertility-sparing treatment were collected, and obesity indicators were calculated and analyzed retrospectively. Results: (1) Obesity indicators: the obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2] rate of patients with fertility preservation treatment was 40% (32/80), and abdominal obesity [waist circumference (WC) ≥80 cm] rate was 79% (63/80), and obesity indicators [BMI, WC, waist-hip ratio (WHR), weight height ratio (WHTR), body roundness index (BRI), lipid accumulation index (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI)] were higher than those with endometrial benign lesions (all P<0.001). (2) Related factors affecting the efficacy of fertility preservation treatment and their predictive value: EC, higher BMI, WC, WHR, WHTR and BRI were risk factors for lower complete remission rate after nine months' treatment (all P<0.05). The predictive values of BRI and WHTR combined with pathological type were superior to other indicators [area under the curve (AUC)=0.716; AUC=0.714]. (3) Relation of obesity indicators and glucolipid indicators:BMI, WC, WHR, WHTR, BRI, LAP and VAI were positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index, glycosylated hemoglobin, and triacylglycerol (all P<0.05); while VAI was negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.001). Conclusions: For patients with EAH and EC treated with fertility preservation therapy, abnormal obesity indexes affect the treatment effect. BRI and WHTR combined pathology have good predictive value for effect of fertility preservation treatment. In clinical practice, appropriate indicators could be selected to evaluate body shape, glucolipid metabolism and predict efficacy.

Predictive Power of a Body Shape Index (ABSI) for Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Hypertension in Peru: Demographic and Health Survey Analysis - 2020

Introduction: Given the relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, an indicator of body fat, A Body Shape Index (ABSI), has been considered to have apparent predictive power for these diseases.&#x0D; Objective: To determine the predictive power of the ABSI for DMT2 and hypertension in Peru through the analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey-2020 (ENDES-by its acronym in Spanish-2020).&#x0D; Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study of the ENDES-2020. The variables evaluated were ABSI, body mass index, high abdominal waist, waist-to-height ratio, body roundness index (BRI) and conicity index (COI). Areas under the curves (AUC) together with their 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used to present each index.&#x0D; Results: A total of 19 984 subjects were studied. Regarding hypertension, the highest AUC was presented by the COI: AUC=0.707 (95%CI 0.694-0.719). While the ABSI obtained the penultimate place: AUC=0.702 (95% CI 0.689-0.715). In case of DM2, the highest ABC was presented by BRI: AUC=0.716 (95%CI 0.689-0.743); while ABSI obtained the second place: AUC=0.687 (95%CI 0.658-0.717).&#x0D; Conclusions: The results demonstrate that ABSI is not a good predictor for hypertension and DMT2 in the Peruvian population. If these findings are confirmed by other studies, its use would not be recommended for these diseases, and other anthropometric indicators that could perform better should be further explored.

СООТНОШЕНИЕ ТАЛИИ К РОСТУ – ВАЖНЫЙ АНТРОПОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЙ ДИСКРИМИНАТОР МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИХ НАРУШЕНИЙ У ПОДРОСТКОВ С ИЗБЫТОЧНОЙ МАССОЙ ТЕЛА И ОЖИРЕНИЕМ: ПИЛОТНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ

The purpose of the research was to describe the most informative anthropometric indicator for identifying a metabolically unhealthy phenotype in Caucasian adolescents with overweight and obesity. Materials and methods of the research: single-center cross-sectional study. The studies were carried out in Feb. 2015 - Oct. 2016 in the regions Republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk Oblast. At the first stage, the study included data from 1356 adolescents aged from 10 years to 17 years 11 months 29 days old obtained during a dispensary examination: anthropometric examination and determination of the level of blood glycemia. The second stage, which includes lipid profile analysis, calipometry and measurement of circumferential parameters, included adolescents with overweight and obesity, adolescents with a morning glycemia level exceeding 5.6 mmol/l, and adolescents who wished to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria. A total of 219 children were included in the study: 99 (45.2%) boys (age 13 [12-15]) and 120 (54.8%) girls (age 14 [12-16]). There was no statistically significant age difference between boys and girls (p=0.093). Results: when comparing the analyzed parameters in the group of adolescents with overweight and obesity, but with different metabolic phenotypes, statistically significant differences were revealed: waist circumference (WC)/height ratio - 0.54 [0.50:0.58] in boys without metabolic disorders vs. 0.58 [0.54:0.62] with metabolic disorders (p=0.042); roundness index - 4.08 [3.30:4.92] vs. 4.97 [4.13:5.78], respectively (p=0.042); hip volume - 97.64 [92.25:98.75] versus 99.15 [97.00:99.80], respectively (p=0.040). In girls, a similar pattern of differences in anthropometric parameters in the sample of girls without metabolic disorders and with those: WC/height - 0.52 [0.47:0.59] vs. 0.60 [0.54:0.69] (p=0.012); roundness index 3.78 [2.92:5.13] vs. 1.19 [1.14:1.29] (p=0.039). When comparing anthropometric parameters in adolescents with normal weight, but with different metabolic phenotypes, no statistically significant differences were found. The most informative parameters of the metabolically unhealthy phenotype in both boys and adolescent girls are the WC/height ratio and roundness index. Threshold values for predicting metabolic unhealthiness in boys are WC/height ratios greater than 0.53 (AUC=0.69, 95% Cl=0.54-0.84, sensitivity=0.632, specificity=0.731), roundness index greater than 3.96 (AUC=0.69, 95% Cl=0.54-0.84, sensitivity=0.632, specificity=0.731); in girls -WC/height ratio greater than 0.50 (AUC=0.75, 95% Cl=0.60–0.90, sensitivity=0.833, specificity=0.670), roundness index greater than 3.38 (AUC=0.75, 95 % Cl=0.60-0.90, sensitivity=0.833, specificity=0.670). Both parameters were calculated using WC and height, but the complexity of calculating the roundness index (in the absence of an available Russian-language online calculator) compared to calculating the WC/height ratio makes it difficult to use in clinical practice. Conclusion: the WC/height ratio in both boys and girls is the best indicator in clinical practice for verifying a metabolically unhealthy phenotype in overweight and obese adolescents. The optimal threshold value of this indicator for predicting two or more components of metabolic disorders that are not related to WC is 0.50 in girls and 0.53 in boys.

Association of anthropometric indices with the development of multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults: A retrospective cohort study.

BackgroundPrevious studies have explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and multimorbidity. However, the relationship between other obesity indicators and their dynamic changes and multimorbidity has not been systematically estimated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of BMI and other obesity indicators, including waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist divided by height0.5 (WHT.5R), and body roundness index (BRI) and their changes and the risk of multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults through a retrospective cohort study.MethodsData collected from annual health examination dataset in the Jinshui during 2017 and 2021. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the effect of baseline and dynamic changes in the anthropometric indices on the risk of multimorbidity.ResultsA total of 75,028 individuals were included in the study, and 5,886 participants developed multimorbidity during the follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed a progressive increase in the risk of multimorbidity with increasing anthropometric indicators (BMI, WC, WHtR, WHT.5R, and BRI) (all P<0.001). Regardless of general obesity status at baseline, increased WC was associated with a high risk of multimorbidity. Compared to the subjects with baseline BMI<24 kg/m2 and WC<90 (men)/80 (women), the HRs (95% CI) of the baseline BMI<24 kg/m2 and WC≥90 (men)/80 (women) group and BMI≥24 kg/m2 and WC≥90 (men)/80 (women) group were 1.31 (1.08, 1.61) and 1.82 (1.68, 1.97), respectively. In addition, the dynamics of WC could reflect the risk of multimorbidity. When subjects with baseline WC<90 (men)/80 (women) progressed to WC≥90 (men)/80 (women) during follow-up, the risk of multimorbidity significantly increased (HR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.64, 1.95), while the risk of multimorbidity tended to decrease when people with abnormal WC at baseline reversed to normal at follow-up (HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.26, 1.54) compared to those who still exhibited abnormal WC at follow-up (HR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.82, 2.18).ConclusionsCentral obesity is an independent and alterable risk factor for the occurrence of multimorbidity in middle-aged and elderly populations. In addition to the clinical measurement of BMI, the measurement of the central obesity index WC may provide additional benefits for the identification of multimorbidity in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly populations.

Fetuin-A and Its Association with Anthropometric, Atherogenic, and Biochemical Parameters and Indices among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) contributes to metabolic and endocrine complications for women of reproductive age. We set out to assess the relationship between fetuin-A and anthropometric parameters, anthropometric indices, body composition, and atherogenic indices, as well as carbohydrate and lipid profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods. The study included 49 women with PCOS, aged between 18 and 39 years. All patients were tested for fetuin-A, fasting glucose and insulin, and lipid parameters, after oral-glucose administration were done. All of them underwent anthropometric measurements and body composition analyses such as BMI (Body Mass Index), WHR (Waist to Hip Ratio), WHtR (Waist to Height Ratio), BAI (Body Adiposity Index), VAI (Visceral Adiposity Index), LAP (Lipid Accumulation Product), BRI (Body Roundness Index), ABSI (A Body Shape Index), ABSI z-core (ABSI with added mortality risk in correlation with age and gender), AIP (Atherogenic Risk of Plasma), AC (Atherogenic Coefficient), Castelli risk index-I, and Castelli risk index-II. Results: Obesity was diagnosed in 18 patients (36.7%) based on BMI index and 7 patients (14.3%) based on BAI index. Significantly increased risk of metabolic complications was observed among 26 patients (53.1%) based on waist circumferences. Based on VAI index, risk of metabolic disease was observed among 17 women (34.7%). Dyslipidemia such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and mixed hyperlipidemia was detected among 14 patients (28.6%), and insulin resistance was observed among 29 (59.2%). There was a positive correlation between fetuin-A and total cholesterol (r = 0.30, p = 0.0034). There was no statistically significant correlation between fetuin-A and all of the anthropometric measurements and anthropometric indices, atherogenic indices, and other biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Fetuin-A correlates with hypercholesterolemia. It is necessary to conduct further research regarding the relationship between fetuin-A concentrations and body composition, anthropometric indices, and metabolic disorders in women with PCOS. Surprisingly, the effects of concentration of fetuin-A and anthropometric indices (BAI, VAI, LAP, ABSI, ABSI z-core) in woman with PCOS have not been closely examined. Future studies that take these variables into account will need to be undertaken. More information on the relationship between fetuin-A concentrations and anthropometric indices would aid us in establishing a greater degree of accuracy on this matter.

Anthropometric Cut-Off Values for Detecting the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Multiple Components among Adults in Vietnam: The Role of Novel Indices.

Recent studies have shown that using international guidelines to diagnose metabolic syndrome (MetS) may underestimate its prevalence in different Asian populations. This study aims to determine the validity of anthropometric indicators and appropriate cut-off values to predict MetS for Vietnamese adults. We analyzed data on 4701 adults across four regions of Vietnam. Four conventional and five novel anthropometric indexes were calculated. The area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and Youden’s J statistic were applied to evaluate the diagnostic ability and optimal cut-off values. Regardless of diagnostic criteria and gender, Abdominal volume index (AVI), Body roundness index (BRI), and Waist-height ratio (WHtR) had the highest AUC values, followed by Body mass index (BMI) and Waist-hip ratio (WHR). However, it was seen that differences among the AUC values of most indices were minor. In men, using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, the threshold of indices was 3.86 for BRI, 16.20 for AVI, 0.53 for WHtR, 22.40 for BMI, and 0.90 for WHR. In women, the threshold for these figures were 3.60, 12.80, 0.51, 23.58, and 0.85, respectively. It is recommended that health personnel in Vietnam should apply appropriate thresholds of anthropometry, which are lower than current international guidelines, for MetS screening to avoid under-diagnosis.

Comparison of the predictive power of adiposity indices and blood lipid indices for diagnosis of prediabetes.

The purpose of this study is to explore the association between adiposity indices and blood lipid indices and prediabetes. We compare the predictive value of new adiposity indices and traditional adiposity indices and blood lipid indices in the diagnosis of prediabetes. This is a prospective cohort study of 7953 participants. The follow-up time was 3years. The eight adiposity indices included the following: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body roundness index (BRI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), fatty liver index (FLI), and triglyceride-to-glucose fasting index (TyG), as well as four blood lipid indices as follows: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C).The association between adiposity indices and blood lipid indices for diagnosis of prediabetes was estimated using a logistic regression model to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to measure the predictive value of adiposity indices and blood lipid indicators for the diagnosis of prediabetes in the general population stratified by gender. The median age of the participants was 56years old, men accounting for 35.3% of the final group. After adjusting for confounding factors, association of BMI, BRI, VAI, LAP, TyG, TC, TG, and LDL-C with prediabetes status was assessed at both baseline and follow-up. TyG (AUC, overall: 0.677 (95% CI, 0.665, 0.689), male: 0.645 (95% CI, 0.624-0.667), and female: 0.693 (95% CI, 0.678-0.708)) have better diagnostic value for prediabetes than VAI, LAP, FLI, TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C. The predictive value of the combination of TyG, BRI, VAI, and TG significantly improves the power of any single index in the diagnosis of prediabetes. The AUC and corresponding 95% CI of TyG, BRI, VAI, and TG and the combination of these four indicators to diagnose prediabetes were 0.677 (0.665, 0.689), 0.630 (0.617, 0.643), 0.618 (0.606, 0.631), 0.622 (0.609, 0.635), and 0.728 (0.716, 0.739), respectively. Among the eight adiposity indices and four blood lipid indices evaluated in the study, TyG had the highest diagnostic value for prediabetes in isolated indexes, and the combination of TyG, BRI, VAI, and TG significantly improved the diagnostic value for prediabetes of any single indicator.

Correlation of subclinic atherosclerosis, proinflammatory status, and insulin resistance with anthropometric measurements in polycystic ovary syndrome

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequently encountered endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. Visceral obesity, cardiovascular complications, insulin resistance, and proinflammatory status are frequently seen in PCOS patients. Many anthropometric measurements are used to evaluate visceral obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations of anthropometric measurements with cardiovascular risk, insulin resistance and proinflammatory status in PCOS patients. &#x0D; Material and Method: This retrospective study included 68 PCOS patients and 83 healthy females. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated of waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, body mass index (BMI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), and a body shape index (ABSI) of all the participants. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) for subclinical atherosclerosis cardiovascular risk evaluation, HOMA for insulin resistance assessment, and hsCRP levels for proinflammatory status assessment were determined as the main outcome measure. Correlations of anthropometric measurements with each other and with the main outcome measures were evaluated. &#x0D; Results: HOMA and CIMT were significantly higher in PCOS patients. Abdominal obesity indicators such as waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, LAP, BAI, BRI, AVI, VAI and ABSI were significantly higher in the PCOS group. There was no significant difference between the groups in respect of hsCRP levels (p=0.317). When the correlations of anthropometric measurements with PCOS status were evaluated, it was seen that all measurements were correlated. The highest correlation with CIMT was obtained in BMI measurement, and the highest correlation with HOMA was obtained in BRI measurement. The anthropometric measurements were not found to be correlated with proinflammatory status in PCOS patients.&#x0D; Conclusion: It was observed that anthropometric measurements may be functional in predicting PCOS-related subclinical atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Visceral adiposity was found to be predictive for insulin resistance and subclinical atherosclerosis in PCOS patients.

Changes in Novel Anthropometric Indices of Abdominal Obesity during Weight Loss with Selected Obesity-Associated Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms: A Small One-Year Pilot Study.

Whether BMI and the competing waist circumference (WC)-based anthropometric indices are associated with obesity-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is as yet unknown. The current study aimed to evaluate the anthropometric indices (fat mass index, body shape index, visceral adiposity index, relative fat mass, body roundness index, and conicity index) during a weight loss intervention in 36 obese individuals. Blood biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) and three SNPs (FTO rs9939609, TFAP2B rs987237, and PLIN1 rs894160) were assessed in 22 women and 14 men (35.58 ± 9.85 years, BMI 35.04 ± 3.80 kg/m2) who completed a 12-month balanced energy-restricted diet weight loss program. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance (SECA mBCA515). At the end of the weight loss intervention, all anthropometric indices were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). For the SNP FTO rs9939609, the higher risk allele (A) was characteristic of 88.9% of the study group, in which 10 participants (27.8%) were homozygous. We found a similar distribution of alleles in TFAP2B and PLIN1. Heterozygous genotypes in FTO rs9939609 and TFAP2B rs987237 were predisposed to significant reductions in WC-based novel anthropometric indices during weight loss. The influence of PLIN1 rs894160 polymorphisms on the changes in the analyzed indices during weight loss has not been documented in the present study.

The CUN-BAE, Deurenberg Fat Mass, and visceral adiposity index as confident anthropometric indices for early detection of metabolic syndrome components in adults

There is no definition for the metabolic syndrome; visceral obesity, elevated lipids and glucose, and hypertension coexist. The aim of the study is to determine which anthropometric indicators best determine it. Cross-sectional study in 418,343 Spanish workers. Metabolic syndrome was determined using the NCEP-ATPIII, IDF and JIS criteria. The anthropometric variables studied were: body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, CUNBAE, Deuremberg formula, body fat index, body surface index, normalized weight adjusted index, body roundness index, body shape index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), dysfunctional adiposity index, conicity index, metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF), waist triglyceride index. In men, the anthropometric indices with the largest areas under the ROC curve are VAI with ATPIII criteria and JIS. If we use the IDF criteria: waist circumference and METS-VF, with the same result. In women, the largest areas under the curve were observed with the Deuremberg formula in both ATPIII and JIS while with the IDF criteria it is METS-VF. The most useful anthropometric indices for identifying metabolic syndrome are CUN-BAE and Deuremberg, followed by the VAI. A single definition of metabolic syndrome should be agreed to determine the best anthropometric index with predictive capacity for its diagnosis.

Association between anthropometric markers of adiposity, adipokines and vitamin D levels

Inverse association between serum levels of vitamin D and obesity has been pointed out in several studies. Our aim was to identify to the associations between vitamin D levels and a large panel of anthropometric markers and adipokines. Cross-sectional study including 6485 participants. Anthropometric markers included body mass index (BMI), % body fat, waist, waist-to-hip (WHR), waist-to-height (WHtR), conicity index, body roundness index (BRI) and a body shape index (ABSI). 55.7% of women and 60.1% of men presented with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D levels were negatively associated with most anthropometric markers, with correlation coefficients ranging between −0.017 (ABSI) and −0.192 (BMI) in women and between −0.026 (weight) and −0.130 (% body fat) in men. Vitamin D levels were inversely associated with leptin levels in both sexes and positively associated with adiponectin levels in women only. The likelihood of vitamin D deficiency increased with increasing adiposity levels, except for ABSI (women) and BMI (men). Total body fat, rather than localized or unevenly distributed body fat, is the adiposity marker most associated with decreased vitamin D levels. Monitoring vitamin D levels in people with overweight/obesity is essential.

Correlation of salivary biomarkers with anthropometric indices for cardio-metabolic risk screening in professional undergraduates

Introduction and Aim: The onset of cardio metabolic disorders in the later parts of adult life requires development of early screening techniques. The current study is an approach to design and evaluate the easy-to-use method for the diagnosis of cardio metabolic disorders. Materials and Methods: The current study was performed after the institutional ethical approval. Fifty-two healthy but, obese volunteers aged 17-25 years with BMI ?25.0 were included. Salivary cortisol level was estimated by ELISA. Salivary ?-amylase was measured by kinetic enzyme assay. Data was expressed as Mean ± SD. The association between anthropometric parameters with salivary cortisol and salivary amylase was done by Pearson correlation test. p value&lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Salivary cortisol in male and female subjects did not show significant correlation (p&gt;0.05) with anthropometric parameters except BMI. Similarly, salivary amylase did not show significant correlation (p&gt;0.05) with Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), A body shape index (ABSI), Body Round Index (BRI) and Physical Fitness Index (PFI). The correlation of Waist to hip ratio (WHR) was found to be significantly correlated (p=0.01) with salivary amylase level whereas, the BMI and Body fat % was negatively correlated with salivary amylase level. Conclusion: The newly proposed anthropometric parameters such as WHtR, ABSI, BRI, and PFI did not proved as ideal parameters for early prediction of cardio metabolic disorders in both genders.

Association of serum bisphenol A levels with incident overweight and obesity risk and the mediating effect of adiponectin

BackgroundExisting cross-sectional studies indicated a positive association of bisphenol A (BPA) with overweight and obesity. However, the relationship and potential mechanisms underlying this association remain to be elucidated in prospective studies. ObjectiveThis study was designed to investigate whether serum BPA is associated with incident overweight and obesity risk, and to further explore whether adiponectin plays a mediating role in the association. MethodsWe measured blood BPA and adiponectin in Chinese populations. The association of serum BPA with overweight and obesity risk was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models. We further examined the mediating effect of adiponectin by causal mediation analysis. ResultsAmong 796 participants free of overweight and obesity at baseline, 133 individuals developed overweight and obesity during the follow-up period. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of serum BPA, those in the second and third quartiles were positively associated with incident overweight and obesity risk adjusting for covariates (all P-values < 0.05), whereas this association was not observed in the fourth quartile. Further spline analysis showed an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship (Pnon-linear = 0.04). Furthermore, each unit of serum log10-transformed BPA levels was associated with higher changes in waist-to-height ratio and body roundness index (all P-values < 0.05). Mediation analysis indicated significant indirect effects of adiponectin on the associations of BPA with overweight and obesity prevalence (mediation proportion: 46.08%; P = 0.02), and BMI levels (mediation proportion: 30.32%; P = 0.03). ConclusionSerum BPA displayed a positive association with incident overweight and obesity risk in a non-monotonic pattern, and adiponectin might mediate the association. Further mechanistic studies are warranted.

Association of Indices of Adiposity with Lipoprotein Sub-fractions in the general Population of Amritsar City

Elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in circulation may get deposited in coronary arteries and result in atherosclerotic plaques at an early age and act as risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. More recent and detailed anthropometric indices in addition to traditional indices were assessed in this study along with lipid profile and lipoprotein indices in urban population (n = 100) of Amritsar, Punjab. n = 48 subjects comprised the case group and n = 52 subjects the control group. Study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Guru Nanak Dev University and individual voluntary written informed consent was provided by the study group. 46% of cases were obese and lipids and lipoprotein indices were significantly higher in obese group while low density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol also in overweight category. Factor analysis extracted the 7 components out of 23 variables with a cummulative variance of 81.45%. Females had higher central obesity, waist hip ratio, waist height ratio and body adiposity index. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a positive significant association of age (r = 0.363, p = 0.027), socio-economic status (r = 0.328, p = 0.023), waist hip ratio (r = 0.298, p = 0.042), waist height ratio (r = 0.864, p = 0 000) and body mass index (r = 0.794, p = 0.000) with low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and of gender with atherogenic index (r = 0.363, p = 0.011). Also, a significant correlation of total body fat mass with atherogenic index (r = 0.286, p = 0.048) and and body roundness index with low density lipoprotein (r = 0.345, p = 0.016) was observed. Multivariate regression analysis revealed age (B = 0.318, t = 2.380, p = 0.022) and gender (B = 0.370, t = 2.687, p = 0.010) to be significant predictors of body roundness index as well as age (B = 0.139, t = 2.307, p = 0.027) of low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The highest prediction accuracy was showed by waist circumference (AUC = 0.597) and the least by a body shape index (AUC = 0.458) as revealed by Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis. A positive association of low density lipoproteins with central and general obesity, signifies that lipid metabolism gets affected by adiposity and may further affect the lipoprotein indices which are reported to be associated with atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases.

Comparison of clumps and rigid blocks in three-dimensional DEM simulations: curvature-based shape characterization

Clumps and rigid blocks are two established models in the discrete element method (DEM) for representing digitized shapes of granules. However, few studies compared their shape characterization effectiveness and computational efficiency in describing actual shapes with different accuracies. This research proposes a two-dimensional roundness index (RI2D) and concave index (CI) to quantify surface morphology using a curvature-based method. After collecting material shape information via laser scanning, the models were assessed through three-dimensional DEM simulations at the grain and specimen levels, with balls used as a reference. The findings confirm RI2D and CI as two reliable indicators of the degree to which clumps and rigid blocks vary at the angular scale. Based on RI2D, both clumps and rigid blocks can robustly and reasonably characterize irregular surfaces. However, further improving the accuracy of clumps while satisfying CI requires a significantly greater number of pebbles (spherical units); rigid blocks are incapable of capturing the concavity feature of real particles. RI2D and CI correlate well with the final state in column collapse tests and the shear strength in coupled DEM − FDM (finite difference method) triaxial tests. The difference in simulating granule mechanical behaviors between the two particle models is insignificant with varying levels of accuracy.

Serum Folate Related to Five Measurements of Obesity and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Korean Adults.

This study investigated the effects of folic acid on obesity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII 2016–2018), 6394 adults (aged 19–80 years) who met the study criteria were identified and divided into young, middle-aged, and older adult groups. The analysis assessed associations using logistic regression for complex samples. Obesity was measured using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), and body roundness index (BRI). The odds ratio (OR) of obesity based on BMI were statistically significant for young adults and older participants with low levels of folic acid compared to those with high levels (OR: 1.33 and 1.58, respectively). The OR of obesity based on BMI, WC, WHtR, ABSI, and BRI was significant with low levels of folic acid in middle-aged individuals (OR: 1.36, 1.32, 1.41, 1.29, and 1.47, respectively). Low folate levels were related to higher high-sensitivity CRP levels in middle-aged patients. In conclusion, folate level showed a significant inverse association with obesity and inflammatory biomarkers, especially in the middle-aged group. Further longitudinal or randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm and expand our results.

A nonlinear association between body roundness index and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in general population.

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between body roundness index (BRI) and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in general population. A retrospective cohort study. The status of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality of participants were followed through 31 December 2015. Multivariate adjusted Cox restricted cubic spline regression models and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate the relationship between BRI and cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. A sample of 47 356 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2014 with aged ≥18 years. Mean age was 47 years and female were 49·9 %. During a median follow-up of 92 months, 4715 participants died from any cause, with 985 died of CVD. In multivariate adjusted Cox regression, compared with the lowest quartile of Body roundness index (BRI), the hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality from other quartiles were 0·83, 95 % CI (0·75, 0·92), 0·73, 95 % CI (0·65, 0·81) and 0·80, 95 % CI (0·72, 0·89), respectively (Pfor trend < 0·05) and the HR for cardiovascular mortality from other quartiles were 0·79, 95 % CI (0·62, 1·00), 0·78, 95 % CI (0·62, 0·99) and 0·79, 95 % CI (0·62, 1·01), respectively (P for trend > 0·05). In the restricted cubic spline regression models, the relationship was showed U-shaped between BRI and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. In Kaplan-Meier survival curves, the lowest cumulative survival rate of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality was recorded in the highest BRI quartile. The U-shaped association between BRI and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in a large population-based cohort was observed.

Evaluation of adiposity phenotypes: lipid accumulation product index, visceral adipose index and body roundness index as predictor markers for metabolic syndrome development in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Evaluation of adiposity phenotypes: lipid accumulation product index, visceral adipose index and body roundness index as predictor markers for metabolic syndrome development in type 2 diabetes mellitus

SOME MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AND HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN MUSCLE TISSUE OF Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

This study aimed to investigate some morphological features and heavy metal accumulation in muscle tissue of Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the spring and autumn seasons of 2018 in the Yumurtalık Coastline of İskenderun Bay located in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. To this end, shell length (SL), total weight (TW), shell height (SH), shell inflation (SI), shell weight (SW), roundness index (RI), cup index (CI) and total length-weight relationship (LWR) of Bivalvia and heavy metal accumulation in the muscle tissue of Bivalvia were measured for two seasons. Minimum and maximum values of SL, TW, SH, SI, SW, RI and CI were determined as 21.50-39.00 mm, 0.80-22.15 g, 10.50-28.70 mm, 9.11-20.90 mm, 3.08-4.66 g, 1.03-2.14 and 0.58-0.67 respectively. The relationship between total length and total weight of R. decussatus was calculated to be W=0.0052*SL2.54 for spring and W=0.0031*SL2.88 for autumn. The growth type of Bivalvia specimens was determined as isometric growth (2.971). Heavy metal accumulation in the muscle tissue in spring and autumn seasons was found as statistically significant only for zinc and copper in different seasons (P