Index Of Peroxidation Research Articles

Changes in some indexes of protein homeostasis and pro-oxidant protection in the oral fluid of young people with periodontitis under the influence of the proposed complex therapy

Periodontal diseases comprise an actual problem nowadays due to their high prevalence. Young people in particularly remain susceptible to aggressive periodontal disorders that affect the suspensory apparatus of the teeth. The aim of the study was to establish some indexes of protein peroxidation and total protein content in the oral liquid of young people affected by stage I periodontitis, degree A and B observed before and after the appointed complex therapy. Conducted investigations demonstrate that there are significant changes in protein homeostasis and pro-oxidant protection in the oral liquid of young people in case of stage I periodontitis, degree A and B. The latter indicates an increase of the total protein content as well as a rise of oxidative protein modifications of both aldehyde and ketone derivatives, which are neutral and basic in nature. The recorded dynamic of the gained results of protein metabolism and pro-oxidant protection in the oral liquid of young people in case stage I periodontitis, degree A and B obtained at different terms after administered treatment suggests that the introduced management provides a pronounced positive effect on the regulation of these indexes. Moreover, herbal remedies as a part of the proposed agents for local and general administration show a good antioxidant effect and contribute to long-term maintenance of gained results. They also prevent recurrence of periodontitis and contribute to prolonged remission.

Effect of Moisture and Oil Content in the Supercritical CO2 Defatting of Hermetia illucens Larvae.

The supercritical defatting of H. illucens was scaled up at 450 bar and 60 °C from a 270 cm3 extraction cell to a vessel five times larger. Then, eight different H. illucens larvae batches, with variable content of oil (16.80-29.17% w/w) and moisture (4.45-15.95% w/w) were defatted. The effect of these parameters on yield and oil composition was analyzed. The presence of moisture in the larvae batch, in the range of the values studied, had no negative effect on the oil recovery efficiency, which was mainly determined by the initial content of oil in the larvae samples. Furthermore, no differences were determined in the fatty acid profile of the oils recovered, which were rich in saturated fatty acids, mainly lauric acid (ca. 50% w/w). Minor lipids, such as squalene and phytosterols, were determined in all the oil samples. The moisture content in the oils extracted was in the range of 0.118-1.706% w/w. Therefore, some samples exceeded the limits recommended for volatile matter in edible fats and oils (0.2%, including moisture). Yet, concerning the oil peroxide index, values were much lower than those corresponding to the oil extracted using hexane.

Headspace GC/MS para identificação de compostos bioativos do extrato da folha de Curcuma longa L.: Aplicação industrial como antioxidante para óleo de soja

ABSTRACT The use of natural antioxidants extracted from plants is an alternative to the application of synthetic antioxidants. In this study, we evaluated the oxidative stability of soybean oil after the addition of Curcuma longa L. leaf extracts compared to its oxidative stability with the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT Different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. leaves were added to the oil, and the mixture was heated at 60 ±2 °C for 12 days. Several parameters of oxidative stability, including the peroxide index (PI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and conjugated dienes and trienes, were analyzed every three days. The results were promising, the oils to which the Curcuma longa L. leaf extract was added showed a reduction in all parameters, indicating oxidative deterioration under the influence of the concentration of the extract and the duration of treatment. The extract was less effective at low concentrations (0.5%), the parameters did not vary considerably. The PI was low in all treatments until the third day. The PI of the soybean oil treated with 1.5% extract was lower than that after treatment with the synthetic antioxidant and the blank treatment on days 6 to 12. The highest production of TBARS was observed in the blank treatment on days 6 to 12, and the lowest values of TBARS were recorded in the soybean oil treated with 1.5% extract. For the same concentration, the conjugated dienes varied from 2.05 to 8.6, and the trienes from 0.57 to 1.59.

Lipidomic Alterations in the Cerebral Cortex and White Matter in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease.

Non-targeted LC-MS/MS-based lipidomic analysis was conducted in post-mortem human grey matter frontal cortex area 8 (GM) and white matter of the frontal lobe centrum semi-ovale (WM) to identify lipidome fingerprints in middle-aged individuals with no neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, and cases at progressive stages of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Complementary data were obtained using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that WM presents an adaptive lipid phenotype resistant to lipid peroxidation, characterized by a lower fatty acid unsaturation, peroxidizability index, and higher ether lipid content than the GM. Changes in the lipidomic profile are more marked in the WM than in GM in AD with disease progression. Four functional categories are associated with the different lipid classes affected in sAD: membrane structural composition, bioenergetics, antioxidant protection, and bioactive lipids, with deleterious consequences affecting both neurons and glial cells favoring disease progression.

Irvingia Fat Ageing: Study of Chemical Characteristics Related to MIR Spectroscopy

The Irvingia gabonensis kernels, which have been extensively studied for their numerous virtues, including the ability to act against the accumulation of fats in the body[1], contain an oil. The aging of this oil under two different conditions of conservation was the subject of our work. One of the results was an increase in the content of long-chain carbonaceous fatty acids during aging for 11 months of storage at low temperature (6℃) and at 30℃. This behavior does not find a concordant explanation by the comparative analysis of the chemical indices. Hence, there is the need to use the Medium Infra-Red spectroscopy (MIR) which allowed to clarify the information of the saponification index, to justify the weakness of the formation of peroxides in the case of the conservation at 30℃ and to confirm the information given by the peroxide index. It also allowed to understand the formation of the long carbon chains by the “cis-trans” isomerization and the homolytic cuts which intervene within the matrix of the fat by the analysis of the number of -CH2 and -CH3 groups in the two conditions of conservation. This study reveals that the rapid solidification of Irvingia gabonensis oil at room temperature[2] is an advantage for its preservation at room temperature but a great weakness when the fat is stored at low temperature.

Antioxidative potential of pomegranate peel extract: In vitro and in vivo studies

Background/Aim: Due to the numerous beneficial effects of pomegranate that can be explained through its antioxidative effects, the aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant potential of pomegranate peel extract (PoPEx) prepared from pomegranate that was harvested in the southeast region of Herze-govina (Bosnia and Herzegovina), through in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: In PoPEx total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, flavan-3-ols and antho-cyanins content was determined, as well as several antioxidative assays, including 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), 2,2'-azino bis(3-ethylbenzothi-azoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay (ABTS), iron (III)-2,4,6-tripyridyl-S-triazine complex assay (FRAP), reduction of copper(II) ions (CUPRAC) assay, Briggs-Rauscher oscillatory reactions, neutralisation of OH radicals and lipid peroxidation assay. In vivo studies were performed by administrating 100 mg/ kg of body weight of PoPEx to the rats by gavage for 7 days, after which the rats were euthanised and prooxidative parameters (thiobabrituric acid reactive substances-TBARS as an index of lipid peroxidation, nitrites-NO 2 , hydrogen peroxide-H 2 O 2 and superoxide anion radical O 2-) were determined in plasma, as well as antioxidative parameters (superoxide dismutase-SOD, reduced gluta-thione-GSH and catalase-CAT) in erythrocyte lysates. Results: High content of phenolic compounds was found in PoPEx, which resulted in high antioxidative potential in all in vitro tests performed. In vivo study showed that PoPEx administration caused a significant decrease in TBARS, NO 2-, as well as an increase in reduced glutathione (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group, while H 2 O 2 and O 2 * showed a lowering trend and SOD and CAT showed an increasing trend in PoPEx group, but without statistical significance. Conclusion: PoPEx demonstrated high antioxidative capacity measured in vitro and in vivo and can be potentially used as a supplement treatment in the prevention of various inflammatory conditions.

Колебательный характер окислительных процессов в крови крыс при хроническом многочастотном электромагнитном облучении от систем сотовой связи стандартов GSM, UMTS и LTE

The paper presents results of research on effects of long term continuous animals exposure to multi-frequency electromagnetic fields of the mobile communication standards (GSM, UMTS and LTE). Prooxidant and antioxidant activity was investigated in the blood of exposed Wistar rats. The animals were continuously exposed to electromagnetic fields at frequencies of 1800, 2100 and 2600 MHz with the total power density of 250 muW/cm2 (GSM-20%; UMTS-20%; LTE-60%). Peripheral blood samples were taken from the affected and control rats after the decapitation at the end of each month of exposure. Fluctuations in indices of lipid peroxidation (diene conjugates) and antioxidant activity (enzyme, catalases) were observed at all stages of the exposure. The modulation effect of prooxidant and antioxidant activity in animals blood serum is suggested to depend on the amount of formed reactive oxygen species, and it may be caused by the direct effect of electromagnetic fields. The modulation effect of long-term continuous exposure to multi-frequency electromagnetic fields of mobile communication base stations on the blood lipid peroxidation may cause unfavorable consequences, which requires further study. The obtained results indicate necessity to take into account the detected modulating effect that can affect the level of reactive oxygen species.

The Effect of Swimming and Resveratrol on Antioxidant Markers and Lipid Peroxidation Index in Liver Tissue

Background Aging is associated with metabolic disorders. Although the beneficial effects of exercise and resveratrol consumption in the health of the elderly has been reported, the combined effect of intermittent swimming and resveratrol consumption on the antioxidant system in liver tissue is not clear yet. Objective This study aims to investigate the combined effect of intermittent swimming and resveratrol consumption on the expression of superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue of older rats. Methods In this experimental study, 32 elder rats were divided into four groups: control, swimming, resveratrol and swimming+resveratrol. The resveratrol (100 mg) dissolved in 1% methylcellulose was administrated daily by gavage. The swimming was performed at three sessions per week. The GPx and SOD expression levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction method, and the MDA level was measured by ELISA method. Results The GPx level in the swimming+resveratrol group were significantly higher than in the control (P=0.001), resveratrol (P=0.04) and swimming (P=0.002) groups. MDA levels in the resveratrol (P=0.001), swimming (P=0.001) and swimming+resveratrol (P=0.001) groups were significantly lower than in the control group; in the swimming+resveratrol group, it was significantly lower than the resveratrol (P=0.001) and swimming (P=0.009) groups. Conclusion It seems that intermittent swimming and resveratrol consumption have favorable effects on improving the antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue. Therefore, it is recommended to use intermittent swimming and resveratrol to prevent liver damage in the elderly.

CHARACTERIZATION OF BY-PRODUCTS WITH HIGH FAT CONTENT DERIVED FROM THE PRODUCTION OF BOVINE GELATIN

Background: Gelatin is a protein obtained by partial hydrolysis of collagen contained in skins, connective tissue and/or animal bones, which are by-products of the meat industry. The main raw material to produce bovine gelatin is the dermis of the skin, but there is a variation in fat and moisture content depending on the bovine skin origin. As a contribution to the circular economy and sustainability, these by-products with high fat content and the fat released from them during the gelatin production process can be managed for food industries, mainly in the development or formulation of animal feed. Methods: For the initial physicochemical characterization, moisture, fat, protein and ashes content were determined. Once the by-products with high fat content were identified, alteration parameters such as acidity, peroxide and saponification indexes were evaluated. Additionally, thermal, rheological and fatty acid composition characterization was carried out in order to study the possible applications of the by-products. Results and Discussion: The results showed that some of the by-products presented fat content values lower than 15.0%, so the viability of their use is limited. On the other hand, some by-products have more than 30% fat content, however, they can only be removed manually, and the efficiency of this process is low. By-products removed from the supernatant in the extractors presented 99.9 and 98.9% of fat, and there is the possibility of conditioning a mechanical method for their extraction. The determination of alteration and oxidation parameters, thermal and rheological characterization, fatty acid profile and solid fat content were carried out only on these by-products. According to the characterization, these by-products could be valued and used in the formulation of animal feed, however, they present some limitations for some applications such as biodiesel production or food industry.

Influence of refining on the properties of buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.)

Vegetables oils are renewables sources of ready availability with vast commercial employability. The application of these oils, generally, requires refining procedures for the removal of substances that make it unfeasible, such as phosphatides, proteins and free fatty acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acid and aqueous degumming on the physical-chemical properties of crude oil of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (buriti), palm tree of the family Arecaceae, very commercially exploited and well adapted to the Cerrado biome. Physical and chemical analysis were performed as acidity index, peroxide index, refraction, viscosity, density, gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometer and infrared spectroscopy before and after the refining process. The acidity, density and refraction indices didn´t change significantly during the treatments; however, significant differences were observed for the peroxide and viscosity parameters after the acid degumming process. Chromatographic and infrared spectroscopy results didn´t reveal changes in the constitution of constituent esters. The acid degumming was more efficient for the removal of undesirable substances, with significant variation (p < 0.05) for the peroxide index after this process. However, M. flexuosa oil presented good stability, keeping indexes acceptable in view of the current resolutions for its use.

Relationship of Circadian Rhythm in Behavioral Characteristics and Lipid Peroxidation of Brain Tissues in Mice.

This study aimed to explore the relationship among several indices of circadian rhythms and lipid peroxidation of brain tissue in mice. After entrainment of 4-week-old mice, one group was disrupted their circadian rhythms for three days and the other group for seven days (n = 10, respectively). After a recovery period, the Y-maze test, the elevated plus maze test, the tail suspension test, and the forced swimming test were conducted. To assess lipid peroxidation in brain tissue, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were measured in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. When circadian rhythms were disrupted and adapted back to their original rhythm, the recovery time of the 7-day disruption group (median 3.35 days) was significiantly faster than one of the 3-day disruption group (median 4.87 days). In the group with a 7-day disruption, mice that had recovered their rhythms early had higher malondialdehyde levels in their hippocampus compared to those with delayed recovery. The entrainment of circadian rhythms was negatively correlated with the malondialdehyde level of brain tissue. The behavioral test results showed no differences depending on the disruption durations or recovery patterns of circadian rhythms. These results suggest that disruption types, recovery patterns, and the entrainment of circadian rhythms are likely to affect oxidative stress in adolescents or young adult mice. Future study is needed to confirm and specify these results on the effects of circadian rhythms on oxidative stress and age-dependent effects.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated biostimulant impact on cadmium detoxification and in silico analysis of zinc oxide-cadmium networks in Zea mays L. regulome

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity can significantly limit plant growth and development. To eliminate the toxic effects of Cd stress, we intended to evaluate the biochemical mediated physiological responses in maize treated with biostimulant and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnPs). In silico analysis exhibited that the maize treated with Cd stress (200 μM) had an adverse impact on CAT1, CAT2, CAT3 and gor1 proteins, which are influential in managing the machinery of redox homeostasis. While maize inoculated with bacteria-based biostimulant and ZnPs (10 ppm) showed prominently improved biomass, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content. We found a significant increase in the total sugar, protein, proline content and antioxidants under the effect of Cd stress. However, these parameters are further enhanced by applying biostimulants and ZnPs. Declined lipid peroxidation and membrane solubilization index under the effect of biostimulant and ZnPs was observed. Furthermore, these treatments improved maize's zinc, copper, sodium, magnesium, iron, potassium and calcium content. Based on these results, an antagonistic relationship between Zn and Cd uptake that triggered efficient Cd detoxification in maize shoot was found. Scanning electron micrography showed distorted leaf structure of the Cd stressed plants while the biostimulant and ZnPs reduced the structural cell damage of maize leaves. In silico study showed that ZnO positively regulates all protein interactors, including GRMZM2G317386_P01 (Metallo endo proteinase 1-MMP), GRMZM2G110220_P01 (Metallo endo proteinase 5-MMP), GRMZM2G103055_P01 (Alpha-amylase) and GRMZM2G006069_P01 (Zn-dependent exo peptidase superfamily) proteins which are involved in energy generating processes, channels formation, matrix re-localization and stress response. This suggests that ZnO offers an ideal role with protein interactors in maize. Our findings depict that these treatments, i.e., biostimulant and ZnPs alone, are efficient enough to exhibit Cd remediation potential in maize; however, their combination showed synergistic effects.

Crassocephalum rubens (Juss Ex Jacq) leaf diets ameliorate systemic oxidative stress and tissue damage in a Wistar rat model.

The capacity of Crassocephalum rubens (Juss Ex Jacq) leaf to protect against systemic oxidative stress was evaluated in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) - intoxicated rats fed at various inclusion rates for a period of twelve (12) weeks. Major organs and tissues were then assessed for indices of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Crassocephalum rubens leaf significantly (p < .05) sustained the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase with significant decrease in lipid peroxidation in MNU-intoxicated animals, particularly at 5% and 10% inlusion rates. The dietary inclusion also prevented significant changes in hematological parameters such as neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. It also reduced the severity of histologic damages such as necrosis, epithelial degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration and other pathological changes to major organs. These results indicate that regular consumption of C. rubens leaf, prevents the deleterious biologic effects of the damaging reactive oxidative species (ROS). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Crassocephalum rubens leaf has potential for development into a nutraceutical or functional food for chemoprevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases associated with systemic oxidative stress, This is because its inclusion in the diet has attenuated lipid peroxidation, sustained the activity of antioxidant enzymes and mitigated deleterious changes in blood composition and tissue architecture resulting from exposure to a chemical carcinogen.

Fluorescence Monitoring Oxidation of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Packed in Different Containers.

'Picual' olive oil was stored in different types of containers for 10 months and monitored via quality parameters. In combination with the mentioned analysis, non-destructive fluorescence spectroscopy was performed combined with multivariate analysis to monitor and quantify oil quality levels. Excitation emission matrices (EMMs) were analyzed using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). According to the quality parameters, it was observed that Transparent Crystal (TC) and Opaque Crystal (OC) samples were the ones that deteriorated faster due to their higher exposure to light in comparison with Plastic (P) and Canned (C) samples. In a fast and non-destructive manner, the fluorescence spectroscopy-based prototype successfully monitored the oxidation changes in the EVOOs. Unfolded partial least squares (U-PLS) was used to generate a regression model to quantify quality parameters. Good correlation coefficients were found for the peroxide index, K232 and the oxidative stability index (r2 between 0.90 and 0.94 for cross-validation and validation). For all of that, the results obtained confirmed the ability of fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor the quality of olive oil and EEMs combined with U-PLS can be used to analyze these parameters, eluding the classical methods.

Creatine phosphate preconditioning reduces ischemiareperfusion injury in isolated rat heart

Aim . To study the effect of simultaneous administration of creatine phosphate immediately before ischemia on cardiodynamic parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the coronary venous blood flow during retrograde perfusion in an isolated rat heart. Materials and methods . 20 Wistar albino rats were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (control) and group 2 (experimental), 10 rats per group. Cannulation and retrograde perfusion of aorta of an isolated rat heart with Krebs–Henseleit buffered solution by Landendorff was performed. Both groups underwent ischemia-reperfusion injury, which included global ischemia for 20 minutes followed by reperfusion for 30 minutes. The group 2 (experimental) was preconditioned with creatine phosphate at a dose of 0.2 mmol/l for 5 min before ischemia. We registered cardiodynamic parameters and indicators of oxidative stress at the point of stabilization, at the 1st and 30th minutes of reperfusion. Results . With the impact of creatine phosphate at the 30th minute of reperfusion in the group 2 in comparison with group 1, there was found an increase in the maximum and minimum speed of pressure elevation in the left ventricle (1.7 and 1.9 times, respectively), and of systolic and diastolic pressure in the left ventricle (1.5 and 1.6 times, respectively). Biomarkers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation index, nitrites, superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide) were also statistically significantly lower in the group 2 after the 1st minute of reperfusion (by 1.2 times, by 1.4 times, by 2.8 times and 1.9 times, respectively), and after the 30th minute (1.3 times, 2.1 times, 1.9 times and 2.1 times, respectively). Conclusion . The administration of creatine phosphate into the coronary flow 5 minutes before the onset of ischemia has a protective effect on myocardial contractility. Reduction of oxidative stress and damage can be considered as a protective effect of creatine phosphate.

The Antitumor and Toxicity Effects of Ruthenium(II) Complexes on Heterotopic Murine Colon Carcinoma Model

Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the antitumor and toxicity effects of ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(Cltpy)(en)Cl][Cl] (Ru-1) and [Ru(Cl-tpy)(dach)Cl][Cl] (Ru-2) on heterotopic murine colon carcinoma model. For tumor induction, 1×106 CT26 cells suspended in 100 μl of DMEM were injected subcutaneously into flank of male BALB/c mice. Treatment groups were as follows: Ru-1, Ru-2, oxaliplatin and control (saline). The intraperitoneal administration of the tested complexes began on 6th day after CT26 cells inoculation. Each complex was administered at dose of 5 mg/kg, twice weekly, four doses in total. To assess toxicity, serum values of urea, creatinine, AST and ALT were determined and histopathological analysis of organs and tumor were performed. In order to assess the effects of Ru(II) complexes on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system, we determined the TBARS, GSH, SOD and CAT in the homogenate of tumor, heart, liver, lungs and kidney tissues. The findings indicate that Ru-1 and Ru-2 exerts equal or better antitumor activity in comparison with oxaliplatin, but with pronounced toxic effects such as reduced survival rate, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The increased index of lipid peroxidation in the tissues of the kidneys and heart, but decreased in tumor tissue, after Ru(II) complexes administration, indicates the importance of the induction of oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, but not the mechanism by which they realize antitumor activity. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of antitumor activity and toxicity of the Ru(II) complexes.

Oxidative stability and elemental analysis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) edible oil produced in Brazil using a domestic extraction machine.

The consumption of regular vegetable oils has been linked to energy acquisition, nutritional benefits, health improvement, and the regulation of metabolic diseases. This study evaluated fatty acids composition, physicochemical, thermal, oxidative, and optical properties, and quantified trace elements in the sunflower oil extracted by a domestic cold-press machine. The oil presented linoleic (54.00%) and oleic (37.29%) primary unsaturated fatty acids (91.67%), in which atherogenic (0.05), thrombogenic (0.16), hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (21.97), peroxide (16.16), saponification (141.80), and relative density indices (0.92) demonstrated to be suitable for human consumption and possible health promotion. In addition, the concentrations of trace elements by ICP OES were ordered Zn > Fe > Al > Cu > Mn > Cr. Concentrations of Zn, Fe, Al, Cu, and Mn were lower than FAO/WHO and DRI/AI limits, while Cr concentrations exceeded the FAO/WHO limits, which can be used as an indicator of the polluted ambiance. Sunflower oil quantities daily consumption were calculated by taking into account non-carcinogenic risk (CR < 10−4), and total non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI < 1). Based on trace elements determined in this study, the suitable quantity of sunflower oil consumption varies according to individuals aged 8, 18, and 30 years and will be deemed 0.61, 1.46, and 1.65 g/kg, respectively, attending HI = 0.99 and CR < 10−4.

Anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effect of fucoidan extract from Lessonia trabeculata in alloxan-induced diabetes rats

The objective of this research was to evaluate a nutritional strategy based on the consumption of a fucoidan extract from brown algae Lessonia trabeculata to control oxidative stress in experimental alloxan-induced insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus rats. Over 30 days, 75, 100, and 125 mg kg−1 of body weight of fucoidan doses were administered and both positive and negative control (n = 5 per group). Serum, liver, pancreas, and kidney biochemical indicators of oxidative stress improvement were evaluated. Measures included lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and antioxidant activity by assessment of free radical scavenging power and histopathological changes. The results showed an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes while reducing oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation index) in serum (p ≤ 0.05) and tissues (p ≤ 0.05). Further, no liver necrosis was observed in treated groups, unlike the Type 1 diabetes positive control group that presented mild necrosis and moderate congestion. In the pancreas, treated rats presented mild oedema, while the positive control group showed moderate oedema. A significant protective effect against oxidative stress caused by alloxan-induced diabetes was found in this model, therefore it can be concluded that fucoidan extracted from the Lessonia trabeculata algae could be considered a good functional compound for the control of oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Because diabetes is such a widespread public health issue, developing fucoidan-based products could be a natural way to improve patients' quality of life.

Substituting Fat with Olive Oil, Mash Potato, or a Gelatin Matrix in Low-Salt-Content Dry-Fermented Sausages.

It was investigated whether physicochemical properties and consumer perception of dry-fermented sausages were affected by the partial replacement of fat and salt by other compounds. A control batch and nine experimental batches, following 3 × 3 factorial design, were manufactured. The NaCl was replaced with of calcium lactate, magnesium chloride, or a blend 85% NaCl (sodium chloride) and 15% KCl (potassium chloride). The fat was partially substituted by olive oil, potato puree, or commercial gelatin. The pH, dry matter, fat content, free fatty acid content, peroxide index, microbial analysis, and tasting, were measured. Both fat type and slat type were affected to measured variables. In terms of moisture, gelatin would be the most recommendable substitute for fat, whereas KCL would be the better substitute for salt. The three oil batches and the potato-magnesium batches presented lower fat content than the control batch. Both the free fatty acid content and the peroxide values increased over the ripening time. At the end of the ripening, the three oil batches presented the highest values for free fatty acids, but there were no differences among the batches of peroxide index. Regarding bacterial counts, the potato-KCL batch was the most like the control batch. In visual appraisal, none of the scores of the measured variables were affected by the batch. Nevertheless, the batch of oil-magnesium would be purchased less than expected. The tasting quality was affected only by the salt type, but all of the batches were different from the control. Neither the gender (p > 0.05) nor the age (p > 0.05) of the respondents affected the taste scores, visual appraisal, or purchase intent. Results shows that the partial substitution of fat and salt in dry-fermented sausages is possible, even in greater percentages than those stated in the literature, without a detriment of sensory properties. Nevertheless, further experiments would be necessary to adjust the formulation, as well as to explore other possibilities.

Portable NIR spectrometer and chemometric tools for predicting quality attributes and adulteration levels in butteroil

Butteroil is valuable product appreciated for its sensory characteristics, economic importance, and social/cultural significance, as it has similarities in several regions of the world. Due to its high added value, this product is susceptible to adulteration by replacing authentic butteroil with other cheaper fats, or even by expired butteroil. Detection of butteroil adulteration demands chemical methods that are laborious and produce residues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a portable near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer for rapid detection of adulteration in butteroil produced in Brazil and prediction of quality attributes (acidity and peroxide index). DD-SIMCA and SVM-C classification models showed Accuracy >90%, for investigating adulteration in butter and discerning the type of adulterant. PLS and SVM-R regression models demonstrated excellent ability to predict the percentage of milk fat replacement by other fats (RPD >3.0) and can be applied to provide a quick estimate of acidity and peroxide values (RPD = 2.0–2.5). These results show that a portable NIR spectrometer is a reliable tool to identify adulteration and predict attributes in butteroil and could be used by producers and inspection agencies for quality control of butteroils at any stage of the supply chain.