Test For Independent Samples Research Articles

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN CANVA TERHADAP BELAJAR MENULIS TEKS PROSEDUR

This study aims to identify the effect of Canva on learning to write student procedure texts at SMK Negeri 2 Trenggalek. This research design is in quantitative research and is conducted with quasi-experimental research. This research uses two types of variables. The first variable is Canva, which will affect the dependent variable. Which was goinh to get effect from dependent variable. The sample of this study is X grade students of SMK Negeri 2 Trenggalek. Researchers chose X RPL B as the control group and X AK B as the experimental group. Each class has thirty-six students, but the total number of students participating in this study is eighteen members in each class.
 The instruments used in this study were tests, there were pre tests and post tests. The researcher gave a pre test to both classes before conduchting the treatment. Then, the post test was given to both classes after the researcher applied the treatment in the experimental class. The test consists of questions that students must rewrite procedural text through Canva media. After the data is collected, the researcher will analyze the data using an independent sample T-Test. Before conducting an independent sample t-test, researchers must conduct a normality test: Based on the results of the data, the Sig. value in Saphiro-Wilk of experimental group 0.188 is greater than 0.05 and Sig. in Saphiro-Wilk of Control Group 0.036 is greater than 0.05. This means that the samples in this study are normally distributed. Based on the "Independent Sample Test", Sig. (2-tailed) of the posttest is 0.026 <0.05. then as a basic rule for making an independent sample t-test it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of students' procedure text writing learning in the experimental group and control group. Based on this result. Canva as the treatment of this research is an effective learning media for learning to write procedure texts for students.
 The results of this study indicate that the use of Canva in learning English at SMK is the right choice for teachers, and Canva application is very useful in the teaching and learning process. In addition, this media helps students in learning, because it can be accessed anytime, and anywhere. So, Canva is a media that can be used to increase the level of motivation and learning ability of students. It is one of the effective media in learning writing for students in high school.

Psychological characteristics of karate martial and pencak silat athletes special sport class viewed from gender

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the Psychological Characteristics of Karate Martial and Pencak Silat Athletes Special Sport Class Viewed from Gender Materials and Methods. Sports psychology is the study of a person's behavior in sports and sports activities. One of the sports that requires knowledge of sports psychology in the coaching process is martial arts and karate. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research using surveys. This research is a study used to test hypotheses about the relationship between the psychological characteristics of pencak silat karate athletes and the Special Sports Class of pencak silat in Surakarta in terms of gender. The data analysis technique used Miles and Huberman analysis and independent sample test with the test flow used in this study using SPSS version 23. Results. The results of data analysis showed that the hypothesis testing of the psychological characteristics of male and female karate martial arts athletes, it is known that the t value is 0,509 with α 0,620 (p0,05). While the analysis of hypothesis testing on male and female pencak silat martial arts athletes obtained a t value with α 0,837 (p0,05). Conclusions. The analysis obtained p 0,05, then Ho is accepted. It can be concluded that at a significance level of 0,05 there is no significant difference between the psychological characteristics of male and female karate athletes in the Surakarta Special Sports Class (KKO) in terms of gender.

Classifying glaucoma exclusively with OCT: comparison of three clustering algorithms derived from machine learning.

To objectively classify eyes as either healthy or glaucoma based exclusively on data provided by peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform (GCIPL) measurements derived from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using machine learning algorithms. Three clustering methods (k-means, hierarchical cluster analysis -HCA- and model-based clustering-MBC-) were used separately to classify a training sample of 109 eyes as either healthy or glaucomatous using solely 13 SD-OCT parameters: pRNFL average and sector thicknesses and GCIPL average and minimum values together with the six macular wedge-shaped regions. Then, the best-performing algorithm was applied to an independent test sample of 102 eyes to derive close estimates of its actual performance (external validation). In the training sample, accuracy was 91.7% for MBC, 81.7% for k-means and 78.9% for HCA (p value = 0.02). The best MBC model was that in which subgroups were allowed to have variable volume and shape and equal orientation. The MBC algorithm in the independent test sample correctly classified 98 out of 102 cases for an overall accuracy of 96.1% (95% CI, 92.3-99.8%), with a sensitivity of 94.3 and 100% specificity. The accuracy for pRNFL was 92.2% (95% CI, 86.9-97.4%) and for GCIPL 98.0% (95% CI, 95.3-100%). Clustering algorithms in general (and MBC in particular) seem promising methods to help discriminate between healthy and glaucomatous eyes using exclusively SD-OCT-derived parameters. Understanding the relative merits of one method over others may also provide insights into the nature of the disease.

A diagnostic model based on DNA methylation haplotype block characteristics for identifying papillary thyroid carcinoma from thyroid adenoma

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent form of thyroid cancer. Methylation of some genes plays a crucial role in the tendency to malignancy as well as poor prognosis of thyroid cancer, suggesting that methylation features can serve as complementary markers for molecular diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a diagnostic model for PTC based on DNA methylation markers. A total of 142 thyroid nodule tissue samples containing 84 cases of PTC and 58 cases of thyroid adenoma (TA) were collected for reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and subsequent analysis. The diagnostic model was constructed by the logistic regression (LR) method followed by 5-cross validation and based on 94 tissue methylation haplotype block (MHB) markers. The model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.974 (95% CI, 0.964-0.981) on 108 training samples and 0.917 (95% CI, 0.864-0.973) on 27 independent testing samples. The diagnostic model scores showed significantly high in males (P = 0.0016), age ≤ 45 years (P = 0.026), high body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.040), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.00052) and larger nodules (P = 0.0017) in the PTC group, and the risk score of this diagnostic model showed significantly high in recurrent PTC group (P = 0.0005). These results suggest that the diagnostic model can be expected to be a powerful tool for PTC diagnosis and there are more potential clinical applications of methylation markers to be excavated.

Is there hip muscle weakness in adults with chronic non-specific low back pain? A cross-sectional study

BackgroundPatients with chronic low back pain may present changes in hip muscles. However, there is still limited and controversial evidence of the association between hip muscle weakness and chronic low back pain and whether this weakness can be assessed with functional tests. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is hip muscle weakness in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain and whether there is an association between the positive Trendelenburg and Step-Down tests and hip muscle strength.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 40 patients with chronic low back pain and 40 healthy participants, assessed in an outpatient clinic in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Muscle strength was measured for the hip abductors, adductors, extensors, internal rotators, and external rotators using isometric manual dynamometry and functional stability was measured by the Trendelenburg and Step-Down tests. Muscle strength was compared using the t test for independent samples and the chi-square test. The association between the tests and strength was performed using a binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsHealthy participants showed a statistically significant greater muscle strength for the right hip abductors (mean difference [MD]: 28.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.4 to 46.9), right adductors (MD: 18.7%, 95% CI: 6.2 to 31.2), right internal rotators (MD: 8.7%, 95% CI: 1.5 to 15.8), right extensors (MD: 21.1%, 95% CI: 6.2 to 31.2), left abductors (MD: 30.4%, 95% CI: 11.9 to 49), left adductors (MD: 18.4%, 95% CI: 3.7 to 33.2), and left extensors (MD: 21.6%, 95% CI: 6.6 to 36.5). There was no difference between groups for the positive functional tests, and there was no association between the tests and hip muscle strength.ConclusionPatients with chronic low back pain tend to have hip abductors, adductors, and extensors weakness. Furthermore, the functional tests should not be associated to hip muscle strength in patients with chronic low back pain.

The Influence of Project-Based Learning Models on Critical Thinking Ability and Basic Science Learning Outcomes

The main objective of this study was to analyze: (1) better influence the outcomes of learning science students taught by Projek Based Learning learning model and model of Direct Instruction; and (2) better effect between critical thinking skills that are taught by Projek Based Learning learning model and model of Direct Instruction. This research is a quasi-experiment conducted in SD Negeri 064973 Medan. The population in this study were all 50 students of class VII, while the sample in this study were students of class VI-A total of 25 people with learning models Projek Based Learning, and students of class VI-B as many as 25 people with Direct Instruction models. The instrument used consisted of test learning outcomes to shape totaled 9 points and can test the reliability of 0,374 and totaled 18 items critical points and has a reliability of 0.831. Data analysis was performed using independent samples test t-aided assisted software SPSS 16.0 for windows. The result showed that: (1) the effect of the Project the based Learning learning model is better than the direct instruction model to learn science students' outcomes. It is based on the acquisition tcount of 2,892 scores greater than ttable of 2.060 and (2) the effect of the Project Based Learning learning model is better compared with the direct instruction learning model t the student's critical thinking skills. It is based on the acquisition score tcount of 2,944 greater than ttable of 2.060.

The influence of canned laughter in the sense of humor of healthy Greek adults. A pilot study with debatable results.

Background: Humor is the individual’s perception of something interpreted as funny. It is usually accompanied by emotional and vocal reactions, such as laughter. Scientists have long studied the factors that can influence this response and have argued whether it is contagious. Canned laughter is widespread in American situation comedies, but does it influence the sense of humor of the audience? To test this question, much research has been conducted, but the findings remain controversial. Method and Material: This laid the foundations to create a study on healthy Greek adult population to examine the influence of canned laughter on their sense of humor, using independent sample test comparison in SPSS software. Thirty individuals were recruited through the convinent sampling method and participated in the study. Half of them watched a video with canned laughter in the background (M=6.53, SD=2.1), whereas the rest watched a video without canned laughter (M=5.46, SD=1.77). Then they were asked to evaluate the comicality of the video on a Likert scale. Results: The data was collected with the use of questionaries and the statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the means of the two groups, concluding that there was not a direct influence of canned laughter on the humor of the participants, t(28)= -1.505, p= .868 Conclusion: Great limitations to this study were the sampling method, the language of the videos that were not in the native language of the participants, and the tendency of the participants to respond with socially liked answers.

PENGGUNAAN METODE SAS BERBANTUAN KARTU KATA BERGAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS I DI SEKOLAH DASAR

This study aims to determine the effect of using the SAS method assisted by picture word cards on the beginning reading ability of grade 1 students in elementary schools. In this study using a quantitative approach with a research design using a quasi-experimental or quasi-experimental design. The samples in this study were class I-A, which consisted of 25 students as class and class I-B, which consisted of 25 students as the control class. The data collection technique used in this study is through tests and observations. The tests used are pre-test and ¬post-test. Based on the research results, the experimental class obtained an average pretest score of 45.53 with an average posttest score of 86.12. Meanwhile, the average value of the control class pretest was 44.86 and the average posttest value of the control class was 66.96. The results of the tests carried out by researchers in the experimental class and control class, it can be concluded that the posttest score was found to be greater than the pretest, which means that students' initial reading ability increases. The researcher used an independent test sample t test to find the effect of the SAS method assisted by picture word cards on the beginning reading ability of first grade elementary school students. It is known that the calculated t value is 16.139 with a sig value of 0.000 <0.05, which means that there is a significant influence on the initial reading ability of first grade elementary school students in the experimental class and the control class. Then in accordance with the decision making that has been determined then that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus the researchers concluded that there was an effect of using the SAS method assisted by picture word cards on the initial reading ability of grade 1 students in elementary schools.

The Effectiveness of Role Play in Improving Speaking Skill of EFL Students

The purpose of this study is to see whether utilizing role play techniques may help Junior High School students improve their speaking abilities. A total of 68 students from the Surabaya’s Junior High School participated in this study. A quasi experimental research has been used in this study. The experimental group and control group, each of which had 34 students, were the two classes that were analysed. Role play techniques were used in the experiment group, and conventional techniques were used in the control group. Independent samples test was used to analyse the research data, which was then provided as quantitative data. The average score of students after the oral test was given using the conventional technique was only 71.25 in the control group and 76.97 in the experimental group. The average score of students after the oral test was given using the role play technique was 81.08 in the control group and 87.64 in the experimental group. As a result, students who are taught using Role play techniques receive higher scores than those who are not.

Teknik Assertive Training Melalui Cyber Counseling untuk Mengurangi Perilaku Bullying pada Siswa MTsN

This study aims to reduce bllying behavior in schools and determine the effectiveness of counseling service through cyber counseling witf assertive training techniques. The unwise use of social media in adolecents, result in the rampant copy-paste of bullying behavior in tehir real lives. The subjects of this study were 14 MTsN 2 mMedan students. The experimental group consisted of 7 students adn a control group of 7 students. The research uses quantitative strategis in the form of quasi experiemental design with research design in the form of pre-test post-test manage group design. The facts collection equipment used on this observe were: Likert scale quetionnaire. The evalution used is the independent simples test. The Independent samples test is a statistical technique to measure the average evalution of unbiased of independent agenciaes with a purpose to determine whether the average of the 2 groups is significant after being given a service or treatment. The outcomes of SPSS through the independent samples test show that in the coulmn equal variancess assumed the cost of sig (2-tailed) is 0,001< 0,05 this means that assertive training trough cyber counseling is effective in reducing bullying behavior in schools.

Comparative Study of Efficacy Between Platelet-Rich Plasma vs Corticosteroid Injection in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis

Background: Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as "tennis elbow," is a painful condition affecting the tendons on the outer part of the elbow. Managing lateral epicondylitis is essential to relieve discomfort and improve the patient's quality of life. Various treatment options are available for lateral epicondylitis, including Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy and corticosteroid injections. The technique if proved better in pain control would be later on preferred as it will contribute significantly to reduce indoor patient burden, earlier recovery of patients and to their overall satisfaction. Objective: To assess and comparative effectiveness of corticosteroid injections with platelet-rich plasma injections in the management of lateral epicondylitis. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT). Settings: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, PIMS, Islamabad Pakistan. Duration: From December 2019 to May 2020. Methods: Overall, 162 adult patients having clinical features of chronic lateral epicondylitis unilateral/bilateral not responding to conservative management of either gender with age between 18-60 years were included. Patients were randomly assigned into two intervention groups. Patients of Group A underwent local steroid injections, while Group B received platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. Patients of the PRP group, were administered 2 mL of PRP, derived from their own blood, at the most sensitive spot on the lateral epicondyle. Patients of the steroid group, were given 2 mL of methylprednisolone (40 mg/mL). Following the injections, patients were instructed to rest for 15 minutes and advised against massaging the treated area. VAS score was calculated at baseline before giving treatment in both groups and was subsequently assessed at 6th week, 3rd month and 6th month post therapy. VAS score was compared in both groups at different time intervals using student-t test for independent samples. Results: Mean age in group A was 47.4 ± 7.5 years and in group B was 48.1 ± 8.2 years. In group A, 56.8% of the participants were males, and 43.2% were females, whereas in group B, 54.3% were males, and 45.6% were females. Baseline average score of VAS was almost equal among both groups at baseline (7.69 ± 1.03 and 7.74 ± 1.06) in group A and B respectively. At 6th weeks, average score of VAS in steroid group was 3.7 ± 1.79 and in PRP group was 3.23 ± 2.05 (P=0.440). At 3 months, average score of VAS in steroid group was 2.73 ± 1.48 and it was 2.53 ± 1.82 SD in PRP group (P=0.451). At 6 months, VAS average score was noted significantly decreased 2.11±1.29 compared to steroid group was 4.83 ± 2.11 (P=0.001). Conclusion: The study revealed that PRP injections are more effective than local steroid injections for chronic lateral epicondylitis. Initial VAS scores were similar for both treatments up to three months, but PRP showed significantly better results at the 6-month follow-up, indicating its long-term effectiveness.

RENDEMEN EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA RUMPUT AKAR WANGI (Polygala paniculata L) PADA PERBANDINGAN KONSENTRASI PELARUT

Rumput akar wangi (Polygala paniculata (L)) belongs to the Polygalaceae family. One of the extract yields is influenced by solvent concentration. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of variations in concentration on the yield of Polygala paniculata extract and the groups of compounds in the extract. This research includes determination, collection, and plant preparation, processing of Polygala paniculata simplicia, extraction, screening, and determination of yield. In this study, 50 grams of Polygala paniculata powder were extracted with different solvent concentrations, namely 70% and 95% ethanol using the maceration method. Replication was carried out on each solvent three times. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods and processed using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) tools. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the extract contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The calculation results of the ethanol extract of Polygala paniculata were 70% ethanol (17.77% ± 1.34) and 95% ethanol (12.59% ± 0.86). The SPSS test results on the Independent Samples Test show that there is a significant difference (p < 0.05). The highest yield of Polygala paniculata extract was obtained using 70% ethanol for filtration.

Perbandingan Metode Pembelajaran Kontekstual dengan Resitasi terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI di Kelas VIII SMP NU Dukuhjati Krangkeng Indramayu

The formulation of the problem underlying this research is as follows: a) How is the application of contextual learning methods in PAI subjects in class VIII SMP NU Dukuhjati Krangkeng Indramayu? b) How is the application of the recitation learning method in PAI Subjects in class VIII of NU Dukuhjati Middle School Krangkeng Indramayu?, c) What are the student learning outcomes in PAI Subjects in class VIII of NU Dukuhjati Middle School Krangkeng Indramayu?, and d) Between the two methods, Which method has the greatest relationship with students in PAI subjects in class VIII SMP NU Dukuhjati Krangkeng Indramayu? Meanwhile, this research aims to conduct comparative testing experiments on the relationship between contextual learning methods and recitation on student learning achievement in PAI subjects in class VIII SMP NU Dukuhjati Krangkeng Indramayu. This research is included in experimental research and is survey in nature, because the entire number of students in class VIII SMP NU Dukuhjati Krangkeng Indramayu as many as 32 people were sampled. Based on the results of inferential statistical calculations using comparative formulas, it is known that there was an increase in the average score of the experimental class seen from the comparison of the average pretest score of 47.25 while the posttest was 82.87, whereas in the control class the average score of the pretest was 46.87 whereas The posttest score was 61.62, there was no improvement. Furthermore, from the results of independent samples test calculations that the probability value is <0.05 then H0 is rejected, meaning that there is a difference in the increase in student learning outcomes between classes that use the contextual learning method and classes that use the recitation method. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, several conclusions can be drawn, including: (a) The contextual learning method has a significant effect on increasing the learning achievement of NU Dukuhjati Krangkeng Indramayu Middle School students in class VIII in learning PAI in the odd semester of 2014/2015, and (b) Method Recitation also had a significant effect on improving the learning outcomes of NU Dukuhjati Krangkeng Indramayu Middle School class VIII students in the odd semester of PAI learning in 2014/2015. The different test of the Contextual learning method is significantly different from the Recitation learning method in increasing the learning achievement of NU Dukuhjati Krangkeng Indramayu Middle School students in class VIII in PAI lessons.

Analysis of the role of the independent auditor on reducing time lags in financial reporting and earnings management

ABSTRACT
 This study aims to analyze differences in the timeliness of financial reporting and earnings management in terms of auditor quality in manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. based on the purposive sampling technique, a sample of 37 companies was obtained so that for 3 years of observation the data processed were 111. The hypothesis was tested using the Independent Samples Test different test. The results showed that there was no difference in the level of audit delay between companies audited by big four auditors or not. Meanwhile, the level of corporate earnings management audited by the big four or not the big four shows different results. This shows that the role of independent auditors in reducing earnings management is successful.
 
 Keywords: Auditor Quality, Audit Delay and Earnings Management

ANALYSIS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF POSTOPERATIVE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN OBESE PATIENTS AFTER HIP ARTHROPLASTY UNDER SPINAL ANESTHESIA

The article analyzes the dynamics of cognitive dysfunction and the dependence of the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in obese patients after hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was used as one of the main evaluation scales of POCD. On the day of admission, the patient’s BMI was calculated. Neuropsychological testing was performed in dynamics: 1) the day before surgery; 2) 3 days after the operation – as of the 4th day; 3) after 6 days – as of the 7th day and 4) the day before discharge from the hospital. The number of patients included in the study is 120 patients. Depending on the level of the average MMSE score in the postoperative period in relation to the level in the admission period, retrospectively divided into groups: «Without negative dynamics of cognitive functions» (n=85) and «With negative dynamics of cognitive functions» (n=35). The analysis of the average value of the body mass index and the character of the physique of patients depending on the dynamics of cognitive function the day before discharge indicated only the presence of a tendency to increase the average value of the body mass index (27.6 vs. 25.8 kg/m2, p=0.14 for T -test for Independent Samples) and cases with severe alimentary- constitutional obesity (7.7 % vs. 0.9 %, p=0.07 according to the χ2 test) in the group of patients with negative dynamics of cognitive function compared to the group without it. Thus, the results of the analysis suggest a certain dependence of severe obesity with the development of cognitive disorders.

Brazilian dentist's knowledge of minimum intervention dentistry for caries management: application of a developed knowledge scale (MIDDeC-KS) and evaluation of its psychometric properties.

To assess the knowledge of Brazilian dentists about Minimum Intervention (MI) using a Minimum Intervention Dentistry to Dental Caries-Knowledge Scale (MIDDeC-KS) and evaluate its psychometric properties. An online scale was developed to evaluate dentists' knowledge about MI. The higher the score, the greater the knowledge and vice versa. A preliminary study was carried out with 143 dentists to validate the MIDDeC-KS. For psychometric properties analysis, convergent and discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the instrument were assessed. After validation, MIDDeC-KS was applied to a representative sample of Brazilian dentists. T test for independent samples, Chi-square, and/or ANOVA one-way tests were applied. The MIDDeC-KS convergent (Spearman's = 0.48) and discriminant (P = 0.001) validity and reliability (ICC = 0.85, α = 0.72 and ω = 0.74) were proved. The participants (n = 637) obtained an overall mean score of 7.4 ± 2.5. The sample was mainly composed of females (P < 0.01), who graduated over 10 years prior (P = 0.02), from public colleges (P < 0.01), and most were pediatric dentists (38.2%). The highest and lowest scores were reached by pediatric dentists (9.2 ± 1.6) and bucomaxillofacial professionals (3.1 ± 2.1), respectively. Brazilian dentists demonstrated more knowledge about diet, biofilm, and topical fluoride control (84.3%), while the Hall technique (31.9%), resin infiltrant (47.6%), and chemical mechanical caries removal (48.4%) were the least known MI techniques. Brazilian dentists demonstrated more knowledge about preventive measures and less about more recent protocols, such as the Hall technique, resin infiltrant, and chemical mechanical caries tissue removal. Sufficient psychometric evidence of the MIDDeC-KS was found. Identify dentist's knowledge about MI.

EFFICACY OF CO-TEACHING ON LEARNERS’ PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN KADUNA STATE OF NIGERIA

This study is premised on investigating the efficacy of co-teaching on learners performance in English language in inclusive education in Kaduna state of Nigeria. Co-teaching is a delivery instruction method where two or more professionals blend group of students in a single physical space. Co-teaching appeared in the literature in the early 1990s as a way to better address the needs of special education students. There are several different models of co-teaching which include one teaches, one observes, one teaches, one assist, station teaching, parallel teaching, supplementary teaching, alternative or differentiated teaching, and team teaching. Co-teaching also has a lot of benefits for the students or learners as well as the teachers. Inclusive education is a philosophy that advocates equal opportunities for all children regardless of whether they have a disability or not. It is primarily about restructuring school culture, policy and practice so that it responds to the diversity of students in the locality. It has its advantages and disadvantages. This study focused on the efficacy of co-teaching on learners performance in English language in inclusive education at Nabeela Academy in Kaduna, Nigeria. Experimental design was used to generate data for analysis. The study constituted of two groups, an experimental group (x) and a control group (-x) of JSS III students. They were exposed to a pretest and a posttest in English which was the instrument used for data collection. Simple percentage, mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the research questions and independent sample test was used to test the hypothesis. From the analysis of data, the findings revealed that, there was no significant difference in the pretest scores of learners and the posttest scores after being exposed to co-teaching. The findings also showed that the correlation and t cannot be computed because the sum of case weights is less than or equal to 1. This imply that because there was only student in the control group, a male, the statistical tool used in analysis could not analyze the data because the value was just 1. However, the result showed a mean difference of 7.500. This means that the female learners who constituted the experimental group (x) performed far better than the male in the control group both in the pretest and posttest. There was no statistical data to measure the collaborative performance of teachers through co-teaching on English language. However, the difference in the mean score of the student in control and that of the experimental groups reveals that interaction of teachers’ collaboration in the experimental group affected the students positively.

Burnout syndrome in nursing residents in COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The incidence of Burnout Syndrome (BS) among nurses is higher. For this group, nursing residents undergo periodic assessments regarding compliance with the care workload in closed sectors, such as Intensive Care and Emergency Care, that put them at higher risk for the syndrome. Objective: Identify the prevalence and related factors for BS in nursing residents. Material and Methods: Quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional study with 106 nurses enrolled in the Residency program in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, based on the following instruments: Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey Scale and an occupational sociodemographic questionnaire. Non-parametric statistical tests for independent samples were applied and Mann-Whitney test 15 was used for quantitative variables. Results: The results show that variable changes in relationships indicates stage 4 of the BS when compared to the other stages. For the other variables, there were no statistically significant differences. Discussion: Studies reveal that work-family balance is closely related to how job satisfaction is affected and mitigates the negative effects of BS. Conclusions: Consequences on relation patterns are among the most affected symptoms in the lives of nursing residents. This study is expected to contribute to raising awareness of the problem in question and to improve the quality of work life of resident nurses, detecting and preventing their illness.

Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Umbi Bit terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Ibu Hamil Trimester III

WHO data (2020), it estimated that worldwide around 32 million pregnant women have anemia. In Indonesia, the incidence of anemia in pregnant women increased in 2018 by 48.8% when compared to 2013, which was 37.1%. Garut Regency in 2019 the prevalence of pregnant women with anemia was 6669 people. Karangpawitan Health Center in 2021, out of 834 pregnant women, 31.5% experienced anemia in the first trimester and as many as 168 pregnant women in third trimester (20.1%). Non-pharmacologically the treatment and prevention of anemia is by consuming green vegetables, nuts, chicken liver, beet tubers, red guava fruit and others. The content of beet tubers in the list of food ingredients includes 108 mg of folic acid, 27.0 mg of calcium, 43.0 mg of phosphorus, 43 mg of vitamin C, 23 mg of magnesium, 9.6 mg of carbohydrates, 1.0 mg of iron (Ministry of Health RI, 2016). Folic acid is very good to help the formation of the baby's brain and overcome the problem of anemia. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of beetroot juice on hemoglobin levels of pregnant women in the third trimester at Karangpawitan Public Health Center, Garut Regency. The methodology of this research uses Pre test - Post test with control group design. The population in the study were all pregnant women in the third trimester as many as 129 people The samples in this study were TM III pregnant women who experienced mild anemia using purposive sampling as many as 30 people who were divided into 2 groups, namely 15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group. The instruments used are observation sheets and technical instructions for beetroot juice. Data analysis used Paired T-test and Independent Samples Test. The results of the study the average hemoglobin level in the experimental group before being given beet juice was 9.160 and after beet juice was 10.807, while in the control group before the intervention was 8.933 and after the intervention was 9.813. The bivariate results showed a p-value of 0.000 &lt;0.05. The conclusion is that there is an effect of giving beetroot juice + Fe tablets on hemoglobin levels of pregnant women in the third trimester at Karangpawitan Health Center, Garut Regency In 2023. With this study, consumption of beet root juice can be an alternative in increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women.

Landsat-derived impervious surface area expansion in the Arctic from 1985 to 2021

Accurate and timely impervious surface mapping is essential for assessing land cover change, urban heat island, and monitoring human activity intensity and ecological change. While various global impervious surface datasets become available, these datasets exhibit significant omissions in Arctic regions. Hence, in this study, we present a 30-m impervious surface area (ISA) dataset of Arctic from 1985 to 2021 (GISA_Arcitc). To this aim, we proposed to combine visually interpreted ISA samples and automatically generated NonISA samples for Arctic ISA mapping. Then, adaptive random forest (RF) classifiers were used for long time-series ISA mapping and the result was post-processed to improve the spatial-temporal consistency. Finally, the accuracy of GISA_Arcitc was assessed using the 37,800 independent test samples. GISA_Arctic possessed an overall accuracy of 93.59 % and a F-score of 0.934. It is found that the Arctic ISA increased from 857.83 km2 to 2115.49 km2 during the past 37 years. More than 84 % of the Arctic ISA increment is embraced by three countries: Russia, Finland, and Norway. Courtesy of the long time-series GISA_Arctic, the sources of Arctic ISA expansion were further analyzed. It was found that the top three land covers transformed to ISA are tundra, forest and grassland. The GISA_Arctic could contribute to further understanding of human activities and Arctic ecological changes, which can be accessed from http://irsip.whu.edu.cn/resources/resources_v2.php.