Independent Risk Factors For In-hospital Mortality Research Articles

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of in-hospital mortality in patients with Takotsubo syndrome

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a condition of transient systolic dysfunction triggered by emotional or physical stress. Nowadays, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is gaining attention and has been detected more frequently. However, there is no collected data on Vietnamese subjects. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and determine of rates and independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. A retrospective andobservational study was conducted at the University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, involved 103 patients diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy between January 2015 and June 2022. The diagnosis was made based on the revised Mayo Clinic diagnostic criteria. The average age of the study population was 71.2±15.3 years, with females accounting for 64.1% of the patients. The most common comorbidities among the patients were hypertension (57.3%), diabetes mellitus (30.1%), ischemic heart disease (15.5%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (15.5%). Acute heart failure was observed in 30.1% of the patients, while ventricular arrhythmias were present in 17.6% of cases. The majority of triggers were attributed to physical factors, including infection (37.9%), respiratory failure (18.4%), postoperative status (3.9%), and acute neurological disease (2.9%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 17.5%, and the independent risk factors were identified as acute heart failure (OR=20.657, 95%CI 2.306–185.008, p=0.007) and respiratory failure (OR=10.397, 95% CI 1.117–96.795, p=0.040). Takotsubo cardiomyopathy patients have many comorbidities and are often triggered by physical factors. The in-hospital mortality rate is significant, with acute heart failure and respiratory failure identified as independent risk factors.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of in-hospital mortality in patients with Takotsubo syndrome

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a condition of transient systolic dysfunction triggered by emotional or physical stress. Nowadays, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is gaining attention and has been detected more frequently. However, there is no collected data on Vietnamese subjects. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and determine of rates and independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. A retrospective andobservational study was conducted at the University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, involved 103 patients diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy between January 2015 and June 2022. The diagnosis was made based on the revised Mayo Clinic diagnostic criteria. The average age of the study population was 71.2±15.3 years, with females accounting for 64.1% of the patients. The most common comorbidities among the patients were hypertension (57.3%), diabetes mellitus (30.1%), ischemic heart disease (15.5%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (15.5%). Acute heart failure was observed in 30.1% of the patients, while ventricular arrhythmias were present in 17.6% of cases. The majority of triggers were attributed to physical factors, including infection (37.9%), respiratory failure (18.4%), postoperative status (3.9%), and acute neurological disease (2.9%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 17.5%, and the independent risk factors were identified as acute heart failure (OR=20.657, 95%CI 2.306–185.008, p=0.007) and respiratory failure (OR=10.397, 95% CI 1.117–96.795, p=0.040). Takotsubo cardiomyopathy patients have many comorbidities and are often triggered by physical factors. The in-hospital mortality rate is significant, with acute heart failure and respiratory failure identified as independent risk factors.

Seasonal pattern in elderly hospitalized with acute kidney injury: a retrospective nationwide study in Italy

PurposeAcute kidney injury (AKI) frequently complicates hospitalization and is associated with in-hospital mortality (IHM). It has been reported a seasonal trend in different clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between seasons of the year and IHM in elderly hospitalized patients with AKI.MethodsWe selected all admissions complicated by AKI between 2000 and 2015 recorded in the Italian National Hospital Database. ICD-9-CM code 584.xx identified subjects with age ≥ 65 years and age, sex, comorbidity burden, need of dialysis treatment and IHM were compared in hospitalizations recorded during the four seasons. Moreover, we plotted the AKI observed/expected ratio and percentage of mortality during the study period.ResultsWe evaluated 759,720 AKI hospitalizations (mean age 80.5 ± 7.8 years, 52.2% males). Patients hospitalized with AKI during winter months had higher age, prevalence of dialysis-dependent AKI, and number of deceased patients. In whole population IHM was higher in winter and lower in summer, while the AKI observed/expected ratio demonstrated two peaks, one in summer and one in winter. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that parameters such as age, autumn, winter, comorbidity burden were positively associated with IHM.ConclusionWe conclude that a seasonality exists in AKI, however, relationship between seasons and AKI could vary depending on the aspects considered. Both autumn and winter months are independent risk factors for IHM in patients with AKI regardless of age, sex and comorbidity burden. On the contrary, summer time reduces the risk of death during hospitalizations with AKI.

Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher incidence of hospitalization for pulmonary embolism in Spain: Analysis of hospital discharge data during 2004-2013.

We compared the incidence and outcome of pulmonary embolism (PE) in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Spain during 2004-2013. The study was based on National Hospital Discharge Data, and the study population comprised patients hospitalized for PE. Annual incidence rates were classified according to T2DM status. In-hospital mortality (IHM), length of hospital stay (LOHS), comorbidities and use of diagnosis and therapeutic procedures were analysed. We identified 123 872 discharges of patients (56 361 men and 67 511 women) with PE as their primary diagnosis (15.3% with T2DM). Incidence of discharge diagnoses of PE increased significantly in all groups. Crude rates were higher in diabetic patients. A positive association was identified between T2DM and PE: adjusted IRR was 2.00 (95% CI: 1.95-2.05) for men and 2.50 (95% CI: 2.45-2.57) for women. LOHS, readmissions and IHM decreased significantly for both groups. An association between IHM and risk factors (older age, Charlson comorbidity index >3, atrial fibrillation and cancer) was observed. T2DM was associated with higher IHM in men (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12-1.32) and women (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.15-1.33). The use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography increased significantly overtime. We confirmed that in both men and women, diabetes was an independent risk factor for IHM. The incidence of discharge of patients with PE increased significantly during the study period. Diabetic men and women had a higher risk of hospitalization for PE than non-diabetic men and women. Diabetic women had higher IHM than diabetic men.

Previous Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Does Not Increase In-Hospital Mortality After Surgical Revascularization: Analysis of 63420 Cases

Background Recent publications indicate higher in-hospital mortality following myocardialrevascularization in patients with previous history of successful percutaneouscoronary intervention. Yet, no risk models of surgical mortality have includedpercutaneous intervention as a risk factor. Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze whether previous percutaneous coronaryintervention is a risk factor of in-hospital mortality in coronary artery bypassgrafting. Methods The study included 78794 patients retrieved from the Spanish Ministry of Healthdatabase, who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery between January 1997and December 2007. After applying exclusion criteria, 63420 patients were includedin the study, 2942 (4.6%) of whom had previously undergone percutaneous coronaryintervention. Continuous variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U testor Student’s t test, and categorical variables using the chi-square test. Univariateand multivariate logistic regression analyses and a multivariate analysis including apropensity score were performed. Results Previous percutaneous coronary intervention was not an independent risk factor ofin-hospital mortality in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 0.88;95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.07; p=0.20) or after adjusting for propensity score(odds ratio 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-1.08; p=0.27). Conclusion Previous percutaneous coronary intervention is not an independent risk factor of inhospitalmortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Inferior Infarction of the Left Ventricle Accompanied by Right Ventricular Infarction when Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Introduction: Right ventricular infarction (RVI) significantly increases the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute inferior infarction of the left ventricle (AIILV). The present study evaluated pre-procedural and intra-procedural predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with AIILV, accompanied by right RVI, when treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: 237 patients with acute inferior infarction of the left ventricle accompanied with RVI and treated with PCI were admitted to the Coronary Care Unit at Clinical Centre of Serbia, from 2007 until 2009. In-hospital mortality was 4.2%. Results: Using a multivariate logistic regression model, two independent risk-factors for in-hospital mortality were identified: cardiogenic shock caused by right ventricular insufficiency (54.5% vs. 4.5% without cardiogenic shock, p=0.002) and post-procedural TIMI flow 1 (p = 0.019) and previous PCI (p=0.021). Conclusions and clinical implications: Cardiogenic shock and post-procedural TIMI flow <3 in the infarcted artery are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. In patients without cardiogenic shock, the risk for in-hospital mortality correlates with the degree of left ventricular insufficiency and previous PCI.