Independent Programming Research Articles

UTX maintains the functional integrity of the murine hematopoietic system by globally regulating aging-associated genes

AbstractEpigenetic regulation is essential for the maintenance of the hematopoietic system, and its deregulation is implicated in hematopoietic disorders. In this study, UTX, a demethylase for lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27) and a component of COMPASS-like and SWI/SNF complexes, played an essential role in the hematopoietic system by globally regulating aging-associated genes. Utx-deficient (UtxΔ/Δ) mice exhibited myeloid skewing with dysplasia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, impaired hematopoietic reconstituting ability, and increased susceptibility to leukemia, which are the hallmarks of hematopoietic aging. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that Utx deficiency converted the gene expression profiles of young hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs) to those of aged HSPCs. Utx expression in hematopoietic stem cells declined with age, and UtxΔ/Δ HSPCs exhibited increased expression of an aging-associated marker, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and impaired repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Pathway and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses coupled with RNA-seq data indicated that UTX contributed to hematopoietic homeostasis mainly by maintaining the expression of genes downregulated with aging via demethylase-dependent and -independent epigenetic programming. Of note, comparison of pathway changes in UtxΔ/Δ HSPCs, aged muscle stem cells, aged fibroblasts, and aged induced neurons showed substantial overlap, strongly suggesting common aging mechanisms among different tissue stem cells.

Research on licence plate recognition based on digital image

As one of the trends in the development of science and technology, artificial intelligence has been widely used in all walks of life, especially the education industry. Aiming at the problem of image processing in the field of artificial intelligence, this article applies the experimental teaching method of artificial intelligence course, introduces the licence plate recognition experiment based on digital images, extracts the edge contour of the licence plate, uses convolutional neural network to train the licence plate data set and predicts the licence plate number, to solve specific image processing problems. Through experimental teaching, students will have a better understanding of image processing technology. Through familiarity with the licence plate recognition process and independent programming, the students' innovation ability can be cultivated and the comprehension quality of the students can be improved.

Викладання програмування та чисельного моделювання при підготовці економістів

To implement the components of the digital economy, not only IT specialists are involved, but also specialists in various fields, in particular, economists, which requires them to have certain knowledge and practical skills. At the same time, the existing experience of teaching mathematical disciplines in the domestic higher school does not give graduates-economists the opportunity to implement the acquired skills in solving professional problems in practice. The purpose of the article is to identify areas of programming and numerical methods in the training of economists in terms of solving their problems in future professional activities. The paper proves the priority of technological design and programming as a specialist's soft skills in 2025. The sequence of methods of teaching numerical modeling is offered. Emphasis is placed on the need to consider numerous professional problems, the solution of which is possible with the help of mathematical models. The necessity of introduction in training of economists of disciplines on programming or teaching of skills of programming in modern languages within the disciplines of a mathematical profile for formation at students of an economic direction of skills of the independent programming realization of numerical modeling is proved. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are formed, the directions of further research are determined.

Оптимизация графов потока управления в промежуточных представлениях языка функционально-потокового параллельного программирования

Functional dataflow programming languages are intended for the development of architecture-independent parallel programs and support the control of computations based on data availability. Due to the fact that at present parallel computing systems are very widespread, and their programming in imperative languages is associated with portability problems, the development of architecturally independent parallel programming tools is an urgent task. When such a program is translated, intermediate representations are formed as the information graph and the corresponding control graph. During program execution, data readiness signals are transmitted along the arcs of the control graph. An explicit selection of the control graph allows us not only to change the computational control strategies and ensure the adaptation of the program to the architecture features, but also to apply specific methods for optimizing control dependencies. The paper proposes transformation methods that provide optimization of the control graph. When generating a control graph from an informational one, redundant arcs are introduced into it, the removal of which does not affect the result of the program, but leads to its more efficient execution. It is shown that in dataflow programs, in addition to control dependencies inherent in other programming languages, additional ones associated with the implementation features of deferred or conditional computations described by delayed lists arise. A formal description of redundant dependencies of various types is given, as well as an effective algorithm for their identification. The developed approach can be applied to such dataflow programming languages as PIFAGOR and Smile.

A New Approach to the Study of Two-Joint Upper Limb Movements in Humans: Independent Programming of the Positioning and Force

A New Approach to the Study of Two-Joint Upper Limb Movements in Humans: Independent Programming of the Positioning and Force

Intrinsic RGB and multispectral images recovery by independent quadratic programming.

This work introduces a method to estimate reflectance, shading, and specularity from a single image. Reflectance, shading, and specularity are intrinsic images derived from the dichromatic model. Estimation of these intrinsic images has many applications in computer vision such as shape recovery, specularity removal, segmentation, or classification. The proposed method allows for recovering the dichromatic model parameters thanks to two independent quadratic programming steps. Compared to the state of the art in this domain, our approach has the advantage to address a complex inverse problem into two parallelizable optimization steps that are easy to solve and do not require learning. The proposed method is an extension of a previous algorithm that is rewritten to be numerically more stable, has better quantitative and qualitative results, and applies to multispectral images. The proposed method is assessed qualitatively and quantitatively on standard RGB and multispectral datasets.

Programming effects of maternal and gestational obesity on offspring metabolism and metabolic inflammation

With the increasing prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age there is a need to understand the ramifications of this on offspring. The purpose of this study is to investigate the programming effects of maternal obesity during preconception and the preconception/gestational period on adiposity and adipose tissue inflammation in offspring using an animal model. Adult female C57Bl/6J mice were assigned either normal diet, high fat diet (HFD) prior to pregnancy, or HFD prior to and through pregnancy. Some offspring were maintained on normal diet while others started HFD later in life. Offspring were assessed for body composition and metabolic responses. Lipid storing tissues were evaluated for expansion and inflammation. Male offspring from the preconception group had the greatest weight gain, most subcutaneous adipose tissue, and largest liver mass when introduced to postnatal HFD. Male offspring of the preconception/gestation group had worsened glucose tolerance and an increase in resident (CD11c−) adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) when exposed to postnatal HFD. Female offspring had no significant difference in any parameter between the diet treatment groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that prenatal and pregnancy windows have independent programming effects on offspring. Preconception exposure affects body composition and adiposity while gestation exposure affects metabolism and tissue immune cell phenotypes.

Safer smart contract programming with Scilla

The rise of programmable open distributed consensus platforms based on the blockchain technology has aroused a lot of interest in replicated stateful computations, aka smart contracts. As blockchains are used predominantly in financial applications, smart contracts frequently manage millions of dollars worth of virtual coins. Since smart contracts cannot be updated once deployed, the ability to reason about their correctness becomes a critical task. Yet, the de facto implementation standard, pioneered by the Ethereum platform, dictates smart contracts to be deployed in a low-level language, which renders independent audit and formal verification of deployed code infeasible in practice. We report an ongoing experiment held with an industrial blockchain vendor on designing, evaluating, and deploying Scilla, a new programming language for safe smart contracts. Scilla is positioned as an intermediate-level language, suitable to serve as a compilation target and also as an independent programming framework. Taking System F as a foundational calculus, Scilla offers strong safety guarantees by means of type soundness. It provides a clean separation between pure computational, state-manipulating, and communication aspects of smart contracts, avoiding many known pitfalls due to execution in a byzantine environment. We describe the motivation, design principles, and semantics of Scilla, and we report on Scilla use cases provided by the developer community. Finally, we present a framework for lightweight verification of Scilla programs, and showcase it with two domain-specific analyses on a suite of real-world use cases.

Robust nonparallel support vector machines via second-order cone programming

A novel binary classification approach is proposed in this paper, extending the ideas behind nonparallel support vector machine (NPSVM) to robust machine learning. NPSVM constructs two twin hyperplanes by solving two independent quadratic programming problems and generalizes the well-known twin support vector machine (TWSVM) method. Robustness is conferred on the NPSVM approach by using a probabilistic framework for maximizing model fit, which is cast into two second-order cone programming (SOCP) problems by assuming a worst-case setting for the data distribution of the training patterns. Experiments on benchmark datasets confirmed the theoretical virtues of our approach, showing superior average performance compared with various SVM formulations.

Implementasi Rest Api Web Service dalam Membangun Aplikasi Multiplatform untuk Usaha Jasa

The development of tourism activities on the island of Lombok has caused many types of professions to be occupied or utilized by the community, especially those who are services. With the technological advancements, people need various kinds of facilities in carrying out their businesses and activities. One of them is in looking for artisan services including price or service fees, material prices and so on. Multiplatform applications (more than one platform) can make it easy for users to choose the platform to be used. With web service architecture as a computational entity that can be accessed through the internet and intranet networks and certain protocol standards in the platform and interface of an independent programming language. In conducting research, the system development method used by the author is the waterfall method. Waterfall method is a systematic and sequential method of software development that starts at the level and progress of the system up to the analysis, design, code (implementation), test (testing), and maintenance. The application that was built has been tested to several builders. As well as from the results of testing the artisan respondents have a very agreeable answer of 51.4%, because 51.4% is the highest result in the response to the response of the answer, it can be concluded that the application has met the needs of the mason

A Stackelberg security Markov game based on partial information for strategic decision making against unexpected attacks

This paper considers an important class of Stackelberg security problems, which is characterized by the fact that defenders and attackers have incomplete information at each stage about the value of the current state. The inability to observe the exact state is motivated by the fact that it is impossible to measure exactly the state variables of the defenders and attackers. Most existing approaches for computing Stackelberg security games provide no guarantee if the estimated model is inaccurate.In order to solve this drawback, this paper presents several important results. First, it provides a novel solution for computing the Stackelberg security games for multiple players, considering finite resource allocation in domains with incomplete information. This new model is restricted to a partially observable Markov model. Next, we suggest a two-step iterative proximal/gradient method for computing the Stackelberg equilibrium for the security game: in each step, the algorithm solves an independent convex nonlinear programming problem implementing a regularized penalty approach. Regularization ensures the convergence to one (unique) of the possible equilibria of the Stackelberg game. To make the problem computationally tractable, we define the c-variable method for partially observable Markov games. Third, we show by simulation that our proposed model overcomes the disadvantages of previous Stackelberg security games solvers. Hence, as our final contribution, we present a new random walk method based on partial information. A numerical example for protecting airports terminals suggests the effectiveness of the proposed method, presenting the resulting patrolling strategies and two different realizations of the Stackelberg security game employing the partially observable random walk algorithm.

Support vector machine with quantile hyper-spheres for pattern classification.

This paper formulates a support vector machine with quantile hyper-spheres (QHSVM) for pattern classification. The idea of QHSVM is to build two quantile hyper-spheres with the same center for positive or negative training samples. Every quantile hyper-sphere is constructed by using pinball loss instead of hinge loss, which makes the new classification model be insensitive to noise, especially the feature noise around the decision boundary. Moreover, the robustness and generalization of QHSVM are strengthened through maximizing the margin between two quantile hyper-spheres, maximizing the inner-class clustering of samples and optimizing the independent quadratic programming for a target class. Besides that, this paper proposes a novel local center-based density estimation method. Based on it, ρ-QHSVM with surrounding and clustering samples is given. Under the premise of high accuracy, the execution speed of ρ-QHSVM can be adjusted. The experimental results in artificial, benchmark and strip steel surface defects datasets show that the QHSVM model has distinct advantages in accuracy and the ρ-QHSVM model is fit for large-scale datasets.

A compact control system to achieve stable voltage and low jitter trigger for repetitive intense electron-beam accelerator based on resonant charging

A compact control system based on Delphi and Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) is developed for a repetitive intense electron-beam accelerator(IEBA), whose output power is 10GW and pulse duration is 160ns. The system uses both hardware and software solutions. It comprises a host computer, a communication module and a main control unit. A device independent applications programming interface, devised using Delphi, is installed on the host computer. Stability theory of voltage in repetitive mode is analyzed and a detailed overview of the hardware and software configuration is presented. High voltage experiment showed that the control system fulfilled the requests of remote operation and data-acquisition. The control system based on a time-sequence control method is used to keep constant of the voltage of the primary capacitor in every shot, which ensured the stable and reliable operation of the electron beam accelerator in the repetitive mode during the experiment. Compared with the former control system based on Labview and PIC micro-controller developed in our laboratory, the present one is more compact, and with higher precision in the time dimension. It is particularly useful for automatic control of IEBA in the high power microwave effects research experiments where pulse-to-pulse reproducibility is required.

Towards Implementation of a Generalized Architecture for High-Level Quantum Programming Language

This paper investigates a novel architecture to the problem of quantum computer programming. A generalized architecture for a high-level quantum programming language has been proposed. Therefore, the programming evolution from the complicated quantum-based programming to the high-level quantum independent programming will be achieved. The proposed architecture receives the high-level source code and, automatically transforms it into the equivalent quantum representation. This architecture involves two layers which are the programmer layer and the compilation layer. These layers have been implemented in the state of the art of three main stages; pre-classification, classification, and post-classification stages respectively. The basic building block of each stage has been divided into subsequent phases. Each phase has been implemented to perform the required transformations from one representation to another. A verification process was exposed using a case study to investigate the ability of the compiler to perform all transformation processes. Experimental results showed that the efficacy of the proposed compiler achieves a correspondence correlation coefficient about R ≈ 1 between outputs and the targets. Also, an obvious achievement has been utilized with respect to the consumed time in the optimization process compared to other techniques. In the online optimization process, the consumed time has increased exponentially against the amount of accuracy needed. However, in the proposed offline optimization process has increased gradually.

Pre-hatching embryo-dependent and -independent programming of endometrial function in cattle.

The bovine pre-implantation embryo secretes bioactive molecules from early development stages, but effects on endometrial function are reported to start only after elongation. Here, we interrogated spatially defined regions of the endometrium transcriptome for responses to a day 7 embryo in vivo. We hypothesize that exposure to an embryo changes the abundance of specific transcripts in the cranial region of the pregnant uterine horn. Endometrium was collected from the uterotubal junction (UTJ), anterior (IA), medial (IM) and posterior (IP) regions of the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL 7 days after estrus from sham-inseminated (Con) or artificially inseminated, confirmed pregnant (Preg) cows. Abundance of 86 transcripts was evaluated by qPCR using a microfluidic platform. Abundance of 12 transcripts was modulated in the Preg endometrium, including classical interferon-stimulated genes (ISG15, MX1, MX2 and OAS1Y), prostaglandin biosynthesis genes (PTGES, HPGD and AKR1C4), water channel (AQP4) and a solute transporter (SLC1A4) and this was in the UTJ and IA mainly. Additionally, for 71 transcripts, abundance varied according to region of the reproductive tract. Regulation included downregulation of genes associated with proliferation (IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R and IGF2R) and extracellular matrix remodeling (MMP14, MMP19 and MMP2) and upregulation of anti-adhesive genes (MUC1) in the cranial regions of uterine horn. Physical proximity to the embryo provides paracrine regulation of endometrial function. Embryo-independent regulation of the endometrial transcriptome may support subsequent stages of embryo development, such as elongation and implantation. We speculate that successful early embryo-dependent and -independent programming fine-tune endometrial functions that are important for maintenance of pregnancy in cattle.

Self-Driving Contracts

Ex post gap filling is a central function of contract law. This is about to change. Predictive capabilities created by big data and artificial intelligence increasingly allow parties to draft contracts that fill their own gaps and interpret their own standards without adjudication. With these self-driving contracts, parties can agree to broad objectives and let automated analytics fill in the specifics based on real-time contingencies. Just as a self-driving car fills in the driving details to get its passenger to a designated end point, the self-driving contract fills in the contract details to achieve the parties’ designated outcome. This development suggests a new focus for the doctrine and theories of contract law. Our primary goal in this Article is to introduce and develop that new focus. For example, self-driving contracts are both complete and incomplete. They are complete in that they specify actions for every contingency. This reduces the likelihood of breach and renegotiation. It also means that notions of efficient breach and ex post hold-up will be of reduced importance in contract law. At the same time, self-driving contracts are also incomplete in ways that render current notions of definiteness and mutual assent irrelevant or at best misleading. Perhaps most importantly, with contracts being interpreted by their own internal software, contract law will have to focus on where that software comes from and how it operates. Markets will arise for third-party vendors who either certify or provide independent contract programming. In some cases, these will be new markets; in others, they will evolve from existing markets such as the market for contract arbitrators. Law will play a role in supporting and overseeing these markets. We explore that role, and how it will differ in markets for contracts between sophisticated parties and in markets for consumer contracts.

Pooled solifenacin overactive bladder trial data: Creation, validation and analysis of an integrated database.

BackgroundPatient-level data are available for 11 randomized, controlled, Phase III/Phase IV solifenacin clinical trials.MethodsMeta-analyses were conducted to interrogate the data, to broaden knowledge about solifenacin and overactive bladder (OAB) in general. Before integrating data, datasets from individual studies were mapped to a single format using methodology developed by the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC). Initially, the data structure was harmonized, to ensure identical categorization, using the CDISC Study Data Tabulation Model (SDTM). To allow for patient level meta-analysis, data were integrated and mapped to analysis datasets. Mapping included adding derived and categorical variables and followed standards described as the Analysis Data Model (ADaM). Mapping to both SDTM and ADaM was performed twice by two independent programming teams, results compared, and inconsistencies corrected in the final output. ADaM analysis sets included assignments of patients to the Safety Analysis Set and the Full Analysis Set.ResultsThere were three analysis groupings: Analysis group 1 (placebo-controlled, monotherapy, fixed-dose studies, n = 3011); Analysis group 2 (placebo-controlled, monotherapy, pooled, fixed- and flexible-dose, n = 5379); Analysis group 3 (all solifenacin monotherapy-treated patients, n = 6539). Treatment groups were: solifenacin 5 mg fixed dose, solifenacin 5/10 mg flexible dose, solifenacin 10 mg fixed dose and overall solifenacin. Patient were similar enough for data pooling to be acceptable.ConclusionsCreating ADaM datasets provided significant information about individual studies and the derivation decisions made in each study; validated ADaM datasets now exist for medical history, efficacy and AEs. Results from these meta-analyses were similar over time.

Enabling Better Interoperability for HealthCare: Lessons in Developing a Standards Based Application Programing Interface for Electronic Medical Record Systems.

We sought to enable better interoperability and easy adoption of healthcare applications by developing a standardized domain independent Application Programming Interface (API) for an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system. We leveraged the modular architecture of the Open Medical Record System (OpenMRS) to build a Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) based add-on module that could consume FHIR resources and requests made on OpenMRS. The OpenMRS FHIR module supports a subset of FHIR resources that could be used to interact with clinical data persisted in OpenMRS. We demonstrate the ease of connecting healthcare applications using the FHIR API by integrating a third party Substitutable Medical Apps & Reusable Technology (SMART) application with OpenMRS via FHIR. The OpenMRS FHIR module is an optional component of the OpenMRS platform. The FHIR API significantly reduces the effort required to implement OpenMRS by preventing developers from having to learn or work with a domain specific OpenMRS API. We propose an integration pathway where the domain specific legacy OpenMRS API is gradually retired in favor of the new FHIR API, which would be integrated into the core OpenMRS platform. Our efforts indicate that a domain independent API is a reality for any EMR system. These efforts demonstrate the adoption of an emerging FHIR standard that is seen as a replacement for both Health Level 7 (HL7) Version 2 and Version 3. We propose a gradual integration approach where our FHIR API becomes the preferred method for communicating with the OpenMRS platform.

Solving Hierarchical Stochastic Programs: Application to the Maritime Fleet Renewal Problem

This paper presents a solution scheme for a class of multistage stochastic programs (possibly mixed-integer at all stages) in which a hierarchy of decisions emerges. A special structure, common to many strategic problems affected by uncertainty, allows decomposing the problem into a master problem and many independent linear programming subproblems, facilitating the isolation and reduction of the complicating mixed-integer component of the problem. Specialized (possibly heuristic) procedures can be used for solving the master problem while subproblems can be efficiently solved to optimality. We adapt and test the decomposition scheme for a case of the maritime fleet renewal problem, whose real life instances cannot be solved by means of commercial off-the-shelf solvers.

Designing and Teaching of Language Independent Object Oriented Programming Course

Programming Languages play a crucial role in developing any software applications. Academicians and IT professionals give more priority for mastering many programming languages. Learning many language syntax and constructs will not contribute much in building problem solving skills. For any given task, students should be capable of solving it by using any of the programming languages. More importantly, students should build an art of optimizing the performance of the application by applying fundamental and advanced concepts of programming languages. In this paper, we propose an innovative way of designing and teaching of Object Oriented Programming Concepts without sticking to one particular language. In our first attempt, we practiced teaching of this course with two languages namely, C++ and Java. Our experimental results and students feedback prove the effectiveness of designing and teaching of Language independent Object Oriented Programming course. Moreover, it develops the skills of implementing and applying object oriented concepts using any object programming language.