Independent Predictor Of Microalbuminuria Research Articles

Relationship Between Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate And Microalbuminura In Hiv/aids Patients: The Kano Experience

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease is one of the major complications that may occur in HIV/AIDS, usually manifesting as reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria. Microalbuminuria as an early marker of CKD may help in the early identification of those at risk of CKD in this cohort of patients, allowing for early institution of appropriate measures. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between microalbuminuria and different levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in HIV/AIDS adult patients in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 HIV/AIDS participants. Basic biodata was documented. Blood samples for serum creatinine and urine samples for urinary albumin and creatinine measurements were collected. Urinary and serum creatinine levels were determined using the Jaffe reaction, and urine albumin was measured using the turbidimetric immunoassay. The eGFR was calculated using Cockcroft and Gault formular and results were interpreted using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) criteria. Comparison of categorical variables for associations was conducted using Fisher exact test. Pearson correlation was done to determine the strength of the relationship between eGFR and microalbuminuria. Results: Estimated Glomerular filtration <60ml/min/1.73m2 showed a statistically significant association with microalbuminuria on bivariate analysis but was found not to be an independent predictor of microalbuminuria with, at best, a weak negative correlation between the two variables. Conclusion: eGFR is not an independent predictor of microalbuminuria in HIV/AIDS patients.

Relationship Between Microalbuminuria and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases Among Secondary School Student in Ilorin, Nigeria

Introduction: Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of deaths with more than half due to coronary heart disease linked with the development of atherosclerosis. Hypertension (HTN) and obesity are leading risk factors for atherosclerotic CVDs, presence of which is predicted by microalbuminuria (MA). We wanted to evaluate the relationship between microalbuminuria and risk factors for CVDs (obesity, overweight, pre-hypertension and hypertension) among secondary school students in Ilorin, North central Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study from December 2017 to March 2018 among secondary school students. We recruited 584 students, aged 10 to 18 years from 14 schools across the three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ilorin. We measured their blood pressure and anthropometrics following standard protocols and determined microalbuminuria in their early morning urine using Microalbumin 2-1 Combo strip and spot urinary albumin - creatinine ratio. Results: The prevalence of MA was 30.1%. MA was more common in obese and hypertensive adolescents (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 respectively). Occurrence of MA correlated strongly with subject’s weight (r = 0.790, p = 0.004, p < 0.01); systolic blood pressure (r = 0.884, p = 0.001, p < 0.01) and body mass index (r = 0.710, p = 0.001, p < 0.01). Independent predictors of MA were obesity, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.9, (95% CI 1.124, 20.913), overweight (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.184, 10.174), older age (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.007, 1.219) and presence of systolic hypertension (aOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.903, 5.042). Conclusions: This study shows a high prevalence of MA among the adolescents. CVDs risk factors predictive of MA are overweight, obesity, systolic hypertension and older age.

Relationship between ACR and other determinants of microalbuminuria in T2DM patients

<jats:p>Introduction: The occurrence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is regarded as an early clinical sign of incipient kidney damage. Microalbuminuria is often evaluated as urinary albumin to urinary creatinine ratio (ACR). Aim: To assess determinants of microalbuminuria in T2DM patients without prior diagnosis of nephropathy using ACR cut-off values. Materials and Methods: ACR was measured in a total of 90 T2DM patients, during two months in three non-consecutive days, and routine biochemical analyses were performed, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum uric acid (SUA), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). The cut-off values of ACR were ≤ 2.5 mg/mmol in males, and ≤ 3.5 mg/mmol in females. Duration of T2DM, history of hypertension, HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), AIP, and SUA were investigated for association with microalbuminuria. Results: According to ACR patients were considered as non-albuminuric (n= 57) and microalbuminuric (n = 33). Compared to non-albuminuric group, microalbuminuric group had increased urinary creatinine, urinary albumin, HbA1c, triglycerides and SUA, whilst decreased HDL-cholesterol levels. Although eGFR was generally reduced, the correlation between LogACR and eGFR was not significant (p > 0.05). However, the correlation between LogACR and LogHbA1c was significant. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed HbA1c (t = 3.42; p = 0.012) and SUA (t = 2.44; p = 0.040) as independent predictors of microalbuminuria in T2DM patients. Conclusion: At ACR cut-off values, concentrations of HbA1c and SUA were independent predictors of microalbuminuria in T2DM patients not yet diagnosed with nephropathy.</jats:p>

Microalbuminuria, Other Markers of Nephropathy and Biochemical Derangementsin Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Relationships and Determinants.

Microalbuminuria is an early indicator of Diabetic nephropathy and cerebrovascular disease. To evaluate relationships between microalbuminuria and other predictors of morbidity and mortality in type 2 DM. Fifty type 2 diabetic subjects were recruited each for three groups separated by disease durations. Thirty non-diabetic subjects were recruited to control each group. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was estimated. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum creatinine, urea, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-and low density lipoprotein (HDL, LDL) were measured. The diabetics with longest disease duration of >10 years were the oldest (65.86±1.71), had highest systolic BP (147.12±3.39mmHg) and least BMI (27.20±0.71Kg/m2); they had poorest lipid control (TC:5.54±0.26mmol/L), though with the least TG (0.97±0.09mmol/L); they also had the most severe microalbuminuria (33.63±8.03g/L) and ACR (65.85±10.38mg/gm). Patients with diabetes of 5-10 years had the poorest glycaemic control:FPG-7.82±0.47mmol/L; HbA1c-13.09±0.74%). Significant negative correlations exist between microalbuminuria, HBA1c(r=-2.28, p=0.028) and serum creatinine(r=-2.11, p=0.042) in patients with 5-10 years disease; a positive correlation between the ACR and TC(r=1.00,p<0.01) in those with >10 years disease. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of microalbuminuria were disease duration (OR 2.2, p< 0.001); HBA1c (OR 7.3, p=0.02); LDL/HDL ratio (OR 13.4, p< 0.001). The severity and progression of albuminuria are associated with longer duration of diabetes and poor glycaemic control. Significant relationships exist between ACR and HBA1c, TC, HDL-C, TG, creatinine. Disease duration, ethnicity, HBA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio are independent predictors of albuminuria. None declared.

Urinary proteomics predict onset of microalbuminuria in normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients, a sub-study of the DIRECT-Protect 2 study.

Early prevention of diabetic nephropathy is not successful as early interventions have shown conflicting results, partly because of a lack of early and precise indicators of disease development. Urinary proteomics has shown promise in this regard and could identify those at high risk who might benefit from treatment. In this study we investigate its utility in a large type 2 diabetic cohort with normoalbuminuria. We performed a post hoc analysis in the Diabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT-Protect 2 study), a multi centric randomized clinical controlled trial. Patients were allocated to candesartan or placebo, with the aim of slowing the progression of retinopathy. The secondary endpoint was development of persistent microalbuminuria (three of four samples). We used a previously defined chronic kidney disease risk score based on proteomic measurement of 273 urinary peptides (CKD273-classifier). A Cox regression model for the progression of albuminuria was developed and evaluated with integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), continuous net reclassification index (cNRI) and receiver operating characteristic curve statistics. Seven hundred and thirty-seven patients were analysed and 89 developed persistent microalbuminuria (12%) with a mean follow-up of 4.1 years. At baseline the CKD273-classifier predicted development of microalbuminuria during follow-up, independent of treatment (candesartan/placebo), age, gender, systolic blood pressure, urine albumin excretion rate, estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c and diabetes duration, with hazard ratio 2.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-4.3; P = 0.002] and area under the curve 0.79 (95% CI 0.75-0.84; P < 0.0001). The CKD273-classifier improved the risk prediction (relative IDI 14%, P = 0.002; cNRI 0.10, P = 0.043). In this cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria from a large intervention study, the CKD273-classifier was an independent predictor of microalbuminuria. This may help identify high-risk normoalbuminuric patients for preventive strategies for diabetic nephropathy.

3A.07

Objective: Heart rate (HR) has been found to be associated with target organ damage in hypertension but the predictive capacity of resting HR vs ambulatory HR in longitudinal studies is not well known. We did a prospective study to investigate whether clinic HR and ambulatory HR assessed at baseline were independent predictors of albumin excretion rate (AER) and microalbuminuria (MA) in the early stage of hypertension. Design and method: The study was conducted in a cohort of 621 white stage 1 hypertensive subjects from the HARVEST never treated for hypertension (mean age 33.8 ± 8.4 years, 449 men). Clinic HR was the average of 6 readings. Clinic HR, daytime HR and night-time HR were included separately in linear (for AER) and logistic (for MA) regressions and were adjusted for baseline logAER, age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and follow-up time. Results: During a median follow-up of 8.5 years AER increased from a median value of 5.7 mg/24 h to 7.2 mg/24 h (p < 0.001 for log-transformed data), and 42 subjects developed MA (AER > = 30 mg/24 h). In both linear and logistic regressions average night-time HR was an independent predictor of final AER (p = 0.014) and MA (p = 0.007), whereas clinic HR and daytime HR were not associated with these outcomes (p = NS for both). Night-time HR was 62.6 ± 8.3 bpm in the 579 subjects who did not develop MA and was 66.6 ± 7.7 bpm in the 42 subjects who developed MA (p = 0.002). Baseline BMI was another independent predictor of final AER (p = 0.007) and final MA (p = 0.001) and its inclusion into the models slightly attenuated the association of night-time HR with AER (p = 0.029) and MA (p = 0.016). Conclusions: HR is an independent predictor of microalbuminuria in young persons screened for stage 1 hypertension suggesting that the chronic hemodynamic stress related to tachycardia may play a role in the development of renal damage in hypertension. In agreement with previous results, HR measured during sleep seems to be more representative of the overall hemodynamic load on the arteries than HR measured during waking hours or in the doctor's office.

The association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene G894T polymorphism and serum nitric oxide concentration with microalbuminuria in patients with gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose intolerant condition that affects 14% of all pregnancies. Diabetes mellitus (DM) occurs in 30 - 70% of patients with GDM after delivery. DM and GDM are associated with structural and functional deterioration of the renovascular system. Our aim is to investigate the association Glu- 298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene with serum nitric oxide levels and microalbuminuria in patients with GDM and healthy pregnancies. Serum nitric oxide (NO) levels, urinary excretion of albumin and Glu298Asp polymorphism of the eNOS gene were analyzed in 68 patients with GDM and 73 healthy controls. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-Griess) method was used to analyze serum NO levels. Microalbuminuria was evaluated by rate nephelometry method. The Glu298Asp polymorphism of the eNOS gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Nitric oxide, glucose, creatinine, and microalbuminuria were significantly different between the patients and the control subjects (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.005, respectively). There was a significant difference between groups in terms of the ratio of GG/GT+TT of eNOS gene Glu- 298Asp (p = 0.02). The patients with GT+TT genotype had significantly higher microalbuminuria levels and lower NO concentrations (22.16 vs. 9.51, p = 0.005, and 10.56 vs. 12.73, p = 0.021, respectively). The presence of T allele of eNOS gene is an independent predictor of microalbuminuria (OR: 2.346, 95% confidence interval: 1.247 - 5.238, p = 0.02) as well as serum glucose and NO concentration. The G894T polymorphism of eNOS gene and decreased NO concentration seem to be independent predictors of increased urinary excretion of albumin in patients with GDM. Determining the frequency of eNOS gene G894T polymorphism may help to identify pregnancies at increased risk of microalbuminuria.

MICROALBUMINURIA IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN OBESE AND OVERWEIGHT WOMEN, BUT IS STRONGLY CORRELATED WITH FASTING GLYCEMIA

This study aimed to evaluate the association between endothelial dysfunction and microalbuminuria levels in overweight and obese women. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed secondary data of patients with BMI ≥ 25 Kg/m2 who had microalbuminuria and endothelial function test already performed and inserted into the survey database. The endothelial function was evaluated by reactive hyperemia test (endothelium-dependent vasodilation). Results: This study included 41 women aged of 53 ­± 11 years, BMI of 32.56 ± 5.06 Kg/m2, WC of 100.36 ± 23.21 cm. There was no correlation between microalbuminuria and endothelial function. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified glucose fasting (β = 0.804; p &lt; 0,00,1) and HDL (β = - 0.309; p = 0.048) levels as independent predictors of microalbuminuria. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is not useful as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in this population, however can be associated to glucose fasting and HDL levels.

Correlation of ultrasonographic measurement of intrarenal arterial resistance index with microalbuminuria in nonhypertensive, nondiabetic obese patients

To determine whether intrarenal arterial resistance index (RI) value is related to increased urinary albumin excretion and whether RI value is an independent good indicator to evaluate early renal damage in nonhypertensive, nondiabetic obese subjects. Sixty-four nonhypertensive, nondiabetic obese patients (OB) and 35 age- and sex-matched normal healthy subjects were involved in this study. Clinical characteristics and blood biochemistry of all the subjects were measured. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and sonographic evaluation of renal blood flow were determined. ACR and interlobar arterial RI were significantly higher in obese patients than those of normal healthy subjects. Interlobar arterial RI value was higher in patients with microalbuminuria than those with normoalbuminuria. Correlation analysis showed interlobar artery RI value had a positive correlation with ACR (r = 0.615, p < 0.01) and plasma free fatty acids (FFAs, r = 0.407, p < 0.01). ACR had a positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.380, p < 0.01), waist circumference (r = 0.414, p < 0.01), plasma FFAs (r = 0.537, p < 0.01). Multivariate regression analyses showed that ACR was best predicted by interlobar artery RI value even when body mass index, waist circumference, FFAs, and high-sensitive C reaction protein were added in the statistical analysis. Interlobar arterial RI may be an independent predictor of microalbuminuria in nonhypertensive, nondiabetic obese patients, and interlobar arterial RI could be a useful tool for assessment early renal damage in obese patients.

913 COMMON GENETIC BACKGROUND FOR HYPERTENSION, METABOLIC SYNDROME TRAITS AND RESTING HEART RATE IN MICROALBUMINURIC SUBJECTS

Objectives: 1. To identify the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components on risk of microalbuminuria (MAU). 2. To examine the association between validated hypertension and type-2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility genes and MetS traits with resting heart rate (HR) in microalbuminuric individuals. Methods: 1. In the Czech Post-Monica study, we examined a representative population sample (n=3612) for MAU and MetS. 2. We conducted genome-wide association case-control study using Affymetrix SNP Array 6.0. Cases (n= 63) with MAU and MetS were age- and sex-matched with controls (n=63) without MAU and MetS, while cases (n=31) from the upper extreme of the ACR distribution curve were matched to their controls (n=31) irrespective of MetS. Only individuals without hypertension, T2D and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were eligible as controls. Results: 1. MetS was independently associated with MAU (p<0.0001). Hypertension was independent predictor of MAU (p=0.022) after adjusting for MetS components and confounders. 2. We report an association between 3SNPs in hypertension CACNB2 gene and MetSy (p=0.0005), hypertension (p=0.0006) and TG (p=0.00008). We found an association between SNPs in T2D gene GLIS3 and MetS, CVD and hypertension; TCF7L2 and MetS; GCKR and hypertension; CAMK1D, IGF2BP2 and resting HR. In multivariate regression, rs1017568 in GLIS3 (p=0.007) and rs4918790 in TCF7L2 genes (p=0.0002) were independent predictors of MAU. When summing up risk alleles of SNPs in T2D genes, the OR for MAU per genetic risk score unit was 1.085 ([CI 1.04-1.13], p=0.0003). Conclusion: Association between MAU and the MetS is based on common genetic background conferring higher cardiovascular risk.

Association and Prognostic Impact of Heart Rate and Micro- Albuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Results from the PROactive Trial

Microalbuminuria (MAU) and heart rate are established predictors of an adverse cardiovascular outcome. Recently, heart rate was described as an independent predictor of MAU in hypertensive patients, raising the question of a causal link. In post-hoc analysis of the PROactive trial we examined the association of the baseline heart rate and MAU in diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease (n = 5,110, mean age 62 ± 8, 66% male) using logistic regression. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the independent impact of heart rate and MAU on the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke. Baseline heart rate was not associated with a significantly increased risk for MAU at baseline (OR 1.01 per 10 bpm, 95% CI 0.97-1.06, p = 0.48) or MAU at the final visit (OR per 10 bpm 1.04, 95% CI 0.98-1.11, p = 0.20). Similar results were observed in subgroups of patients with hypertensive blood pressure at baseline (OR 0.98 per 10 bpm, 95% CI 0.93-1.03, p = 0.42) or patients with a history of hypertension (OR 1.02 per 10 bpm, 95% CI 0.98-1.07, p = 0.31), respectively. Stratification by use of an ACE inhibitor/AT1-receptor blocker did also not change the results. In multivariate analysis, both heart rate and MAU were significantly predictive of a cardiovascular outcome. There was no evidence of an association between heart rate and MAU in diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease, independently of whether hypertension was present or not, but both markers were independently predictive of a cardiovascular outcome. These results do not support a causal link between heart rate and MAU.

VEGF-A gene promoter polymorphisms and microvascular complications in patients with essential hypertension

Objectives We investigated the possible involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF-A) gene promoter polymorphisms in essential hypertension (EH). Design and methods 1225 bp of the VEGF-A gene promoter were screened for polymorphisms using PCR amplification and direct DNA sequence analysis in 62 EH and 62 normotensive (HS) individuals. Circulating VEGF-A levels were determined by immunoassay. Results − 152G/A ( p = 0.009) and − 116G/A ( p = 0.016) polymorphisms were correlated to hypertension ( p < 0.05). Median platelet VEGF-A load in EH was 2.10 fg/plt. Patients with microvascular complications (MC) had higher platelet VEGF-A load than those without ( p = 0.005). Multivariate analyses showed that − 116 A allele was an independent predictor of microalbuminuria ( p = 0.014) and increased platelet VEGF-A load ( p = 0.009) in EH. Platelet VEGF-A load independently predicted MC ( p = 0.049) in addition to − 116G/A polymorphism ( p = 0.035). Conclusions Abnormal regulation of VEGF-A due to polymorphism at position − 116 might represent a genetic factor for increased VEGF-A production and MC in EH.

Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Development of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes

BackgroundKidney function is critical in homocysteine clearance, and plasma homocysteine level is frequently increased in patients with renal failure. On the other hand, recent studies in animals have shown that hyperhomocysteinemia induces renal injury. In this study, we determined whether hyperhomocysteinemia can be a risk factor for the development of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA nested case-control study. Of 887 patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have microalbuminuria at baseline, 76 developed microalbuminuria during follow-up (mean, 36.0 ± 11.7 months; range, 18 to 76 months). The control group consisted of 152 age- and sex-matched subjects who did not develop microalbuminuria. Baseline plasma homocysteine concentrations were measured in stored samples.ResultsBaseline plasma homocysteine concentrations and mean HbA1C levels during follow-up were significantly higher in patients who developed microalbuminuria than in those who remained normoalbuminuric. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline plasma homocysteine level and mean HbA1C were independent predictors of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes.ConclusionHyperhomocysteinemia was associated with increased risk of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes supporting the concept that hyperhomocysteinemia has an etiologic role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Microalbuminuria associated with indicators of inflammatory activity in an HIV-positive population

Background. The survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has increased significantly since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy, leading to the development of important long-term complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal disease. Microalbuminuria, an indicator of glomerular injury, is associated with an increased risk of progressive renal deterioration, CVD and mortality. However, the prevalence of microalbuminuria has barely been investigated in HIV-infected individuals.Methods. Based on three prospective urine samples in an unselected nonhypertensive, nondiabetic HIV-positive cohort (n = 495), we analysed the prevalence of microalbuminuria and compared the Caucasian share with that of a nonhypertensive, nondiabetic population-based control group (n = 2091). Significant predictors for microalbuminuria were analysed within the HIV-positive cohort.Results. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 8.7% in the HIV-infected cohort, which is three to five times higher than that in the general population. HIV-infected patients with microalbuminuria were older, and had higher blood pressure, longer duration of HIV infection, higher serum beta 2-microglobulin, higher serum creatinine and a reduced glomerular filtration rate of ≤90 mL/min, compared with those with normal albumin excretion. In multivariate analysis, systolic blood pressure, serum beta 2-microglobulin and duration of HIV infection were found to be independent predictors of microalbuminuria.Conclusions. Our findings indicate that in addition to haemodynamic effects, inflammatory activity may be implicated as a cause of the development of microalbuminuria. With respect to the increasing risk of developing CVD or renal diseases and mortality, the high prevalence of microalbuminuria in HIV-infected individuals warrants special attention.

Awake Systolic Blood Pressure Variability Correlates With Target-Organ Damage in Hypertensive Subjects

Growing evidence associates blood pressure (BP) variability with cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. Here we tested the existence of a relationship between awake BP variability and target-organ damage in subjects referred for suspected hypertension. Systolic and diastolic BP variability were assessed as the standard deviation of the mean out of 24-hour, awake and asleep BP recordings in 180 untreated subjects, referred for suspected hypertension. Measurements were done at 15-minute intervals during daytime and 30-minute intervals during nighttime. Left ventricular mass index (by echo), intima-media thickness (by carotid ultrasonography), and microalbuminuria were assessed as indices of cardiac, vascular and renal damage, respectively. Intima-media thickness and left ventricular mass index progressively increased across tertiles of awake systolic BP variability (P for trend=0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Conversely, microalbuminuria was similar in the 3 tertiles (P=NS). Multivariable analysis identified age (P=0.0001), awake systolic BP (P=0.001), awake systolic BP variability (P=0.015) and diastolic BP load (P=0.01) as independent predictors of intima-media thickness; age (P=0.0001), male sex (P=0.012), awake systolic (P=0.0001) and diastolic BP (P=0.035), and awake systolic BP variability (P=0.028) as independent predictors of left ventricular mass index; awake systolic BP variability (P=0.01) and diastolic BP load (P=0.01) as independent predictors of microalbuminuria. Therefore, awake systolic BP variability by non-invasive ambulatory BP monitoring correlates with sub-clinical target-organ damage, independent of mean BP levels. Such relationship, found in subjects referred for recently suspected hypertension, likely appears early in the natural history of hypertension.

Abdominal obesity, systolic blood pressure, and microalbuminuria in normotensive and euglycemic Korean men

To evaluate the relationship between abdominal obesity and microalbuminuria (MA) in normotensive, euglycemic Korean men. A cross-sectional study at a health screening center. A total of 1321 healthy, normotensive Korean men, aged 20-78 years, with a fasting plasma glucose level <100 mg/dl. Height, weight, and waist; systolic blood pressure (SBP); diastolic blood pressures (DBP); urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR); fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell count. Waist circumference (WC) was used to indicate abdominal obesity and a single measurement of ACR was used to estimate MA. We also calculated body mass index (BMI) based on weight and height. Mean BMI, WC, and SBP were significantly higher in subjects with MA than in those without (24.8+/-4.1 vs 23.8+/-2.7 kg/m2, 86+/-9 vs 83+/-8 cm, and 115+/-5 vs 112+/-7 mmHg, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that only WC and SBP were independent predictors of MA. WC and SBP were positively associated with MA in normotensive and euglycemic Korean men.

Pulse pressure is an independent predictor of microalbuminuria in non diabetic males

Pulse pressure is an independent predictor of microalbuminuria in non diabetic males