Independent Operator Research Articles

Association of left atrial myopathy and sarcomere mutation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insights into left atrial strain by MRI feature tracking

Abstract Background Left atrial (LA) mechanical dysfunction is associated with atrial fibrillation and stroke in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The role of sarcomere mutation in LA mechanical dysfunction and the value of LA strain in differentiating mutation-positive patients remain unclear in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods Consecutive HCM patients underwent HCM-related gene screening and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) at Fuwai Hospital from October 2011 to December 2013 were retrospectively enrolled. LA volume, ejection fraction, strain and strain rate in reservoir, conduit and booster-pump phases were investigated respectively. Independent sample t-test, Logistic regression and receiver operator curve analysis were performed for statistics. Results A total of 105 patients (75 Males, 47.8 ± 11.9 years old) were enrolled. 50 mutation-positive patients showed higher LA maximal volume index (59 ± 28 vs 44 ± 18, p = 0.001), lower LA reservoir (21 ± 8 vs 26 ± 7, p < 0.001) and booster-pump strain (12 ± 5 vs 17 ± 5, p < 0.001) but relatively preserved conduit strain (9 ± 4 vs 9 ± 4, p = 0.909) compared with mutation-negative patients. LA booster-pump strain rather than reservoir strain was associated with sarcomere mutation independent of LA volume, maximal wall thickness and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) according to multivariate logistic regression. Furthermore, LA booster-pump strain alone (AUC 0.798 vs 0.709, p = 0.035) or combined with LGE (AUC 0.823 vs 0.709, p = 0.011) showed incremental value for differentiating mutation-positive patients added to Mayo II score. Conclusions In HCM, mutation-positive patients demonstrated significantly higher LA volume and more deteriorated LA reservoir and booster-pump function but relatively preserved conduit function compared with mutation-negative patients. LA booster-pump strain was independently associated with sarcomere mutation and showed incremental value for differentiating mutation-positive patients added to established models.

Abstract 19109: AI-Enabled Automated Cardiac Chambers Volumetry in ECG-Gated Coronary Calcium Scans vs. Non-Gated Lung Cancer Screening Scans

Introduction: We have developed an AI-enabled automated volume measurement of cardiac chambers (AutoChamber) that works on ECG-gated non-contrast coronary artery calcium scans and correlates well with contrast enhanced coronary CT angiography scans. Automated LA and LV volumes have shown to predict atrial fibrillation (Afib) and congestive heart failure. Hypothesis: In this study, we hypothesize that AutoChamber volumetry results in ECG-gated CAC scans correlated well with those of non-gated full-chest lung cancer screening scans in the same individuals. Methods: We have studied 169 cases of paired ECG-gated cardiac CT scans and non-gated lung scans. Mean±SD for age was 62±10 with 52% female. All caseswere asymptomatic and were scanned for preventive health assessment. AutoChamber was run on all cases by an independent operator who was not involvedin data analysis. P value was calculated using a two-tailed test of significance with α=0.05. Results: AutoChamber in cardiac scans vs lung scans reported volume (Mean±SD) for left atrium (LA) as 67.2 and 70.1, left ventricle (LV) 102.8 and 105.5 right atrium (RA) 81.9 and 85.7 right ventricle (RV) 140.7 and 134.2 left ventricle wall (LVW) 113.0 and 109.7 respectively (P < 0.0001). Correlations between cardiac and lung scans for each cardiac chamber: LA (R2= 0.85), LV (R 2= 0.93), RA (R2= 0.91), RV (R2= 0.92), and left ventricular wall (LVW) R2= 0.95. (P <0.0001 for all). Conclusions: AutoChamber volumetry results are similar in ECG-gated cardiac scans vs non-gated full-chest lung scans. This AI-enabled automated tool is promising as it can provide added value to patients undergoing coronary calcium and lung cancer screening scans flagging enlarged cardiac chambers at risk of future Afib and heart failure.

Power grid fault event reasoning based on entity extraction model of knowledge map

In the initial construction process of smart grid dispatching control system in power grid dispatching control center, because different subsystems are in decentralized development, independent operation and independent management, it is easy to reduce data interconnection, which leads to difficulties in data sharing and restricts the information level of the system. The data is multi-source, and the data format is inconsistent, resulting in the application problems that the data can not be shared, accessed, managed, analyzed and mined in real time among different subsystems. In order to solve the problems of data sharing and mining, this paper constructs a knowledge map entity extraction model to study the power grid fault events. Based on the knowledge map theory, the structured and unstructured data related to power grid dispatching are processed to improve the application efficiency of data. Cleaning the preprocessed data to obtain the corresponding entity value and attribute value. The knowledge extraction model of power grid fault event reasoning knowledge mapping is constructed, and the power grid fault event reasoning knowledge edge mapping system is designed to extract the relationship between events and complete data storage. The experimental results show that the text prediction degree of the proposed model is high, which can reach more than 95; The accuracy is 96.71%, the recall rate is 94.88%, and the F1 value is 9.27%. This proves the feasibility of this study, in order to provide data and theoretical support for intelligent management and real-time dispatching of power grid.

Simulation study of hydrogen sulfide removal in underground gas storage converted from the multilayered sour gas field

A simulation study was carried out to investigate the temporal evolution of H2S in the Huangcaoxia underground gas storage (UGS), which is converted from a depleted sulfur-containing gas field. Based on the rock and fluid properties of the Huangcaoxia gas field, a multilayered model was built. The upper layer Jia-2 contains a high concentration of H2S (27.2 g/m3), and the lower layer Jia-1 contains a low concentration of H2S (14.0 mg/m3). There is also a low-permeability interlayer between Jia-1 and Jia-2. The multi-component fluid characterizations for Jia-1 and Jia-2 were implemented separately using the Peng-Robinson equation of state in order to perform the compositional simulation. The H2S concentration gradually increased in a single cycle and peaked at the end of the production season. The peak H2S concentration in each cycle showed a decreasing trend when the recovery factor (RF) of the gas field was lower than 70%. When the RF was above 70%, the peak H2S concentration increased first and then decreased. A higher reservoir RF, a higher maximum working pressure, and a higher working gas ratio will lead to a higher H2S removal efficiency. Similar to developing multi-layered petroleum fields, the operation of multilayered gas storage can also be divided into multi-layer commingled operation and independent operation for different layers. When the two layers are combined to build the storage, the sweet gas produced from Jia-1 can spontaneously mix with the sour gas produced from Jia-2 within the wellbore, which can significantly reduce the overall H2S concentration in the wellstream. When the working gas volume is set constant, the allocation ratio between the two layers has little effect on the H2S removal. After nine cycles, the produced gas’s H2S concentration can be lowered to 20 mg/m3. Our study recommends combining the Jia-2 and Jia-1 layers to build the Huangcaoxia underground gas storage. This plan can quickly reduce the H2S concentration of the produced gas to 20 mg/m3, thus meeting the gas export standards as well as the HSE (Health, Safety, and Environment) requirements in the field. This study helps the engineers understand the H2S removal for sulfur-containing UGS as well as provides technical guidelines for converting other multilayered sour gas fields into underground storage sites.

2 Clinical Validity and Cut-Off Scores of a Brief Neuropsychological Battery for a Large Rural Population in Community Setting

Objective:There is a dearth of an appropriate standardized tool to assess neuropsychological functions in rural population, which has low literacy rates, are culturally diverse, and have limited access to healthcare resources. The NIREH Neuropsychological Battery for Rural Population (NINB-RP) is a relatively brief and easy-to-administer battery comprising multiple tests that are modified or adopted as per rural community settings to evaluate verbal learning, fine coordination, attention efficiency, executive task, concentration, and visual attention, mental flexibility, and motor coordination in rural populations. The present study aimed to examine the clinical validity and establish cut-off scores for impairment of neuropsychological functions for different age, gender, and education levels of NINB-RP in a rural community in central India.Participants and Methods:This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in participants aged > 18 years (n=2952, M: F=1407:1545) recruited through a stratified sampling technique from 23 randomly selected villages from central India. The data of nine neuropsychological tests [(Finger and Tweezer dexterity test (FDT, TDT); Digit Forward and Backward test (DFT, DBT); Serial subtraction test (SST); Trail Making-A and B; Finger Tapping test (FTT); and Letter Digit Substitution test, LDST)] from 215 cognitively impaired and 2737 healthy control subjects were analyzed. The tests were performed in a village school/community hall or an outdoor camp. Independent sample t-test, Chi-square test, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve were used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC), cut-off scores, and sensitivity (ST)/specificity (SP) values for seven conditions, i.e., gender (male vs. female), age groups (up to 49 years and above 50 years); and educational levels (illiterate, intermediate and college). For those variables where ST/SP values were lower than 0.70, a unique cut-off score was calculated for the entire sample, adjusting by age and educational levels.Results:A significant difference in mean (median) scores between the healthy control and cognitively impaired groups were observed in all tests except Trail Making A and B and LDST. The AUC for most of the tests ranged from 0.70 to 0.81, and the ST/SP values ranged from 69-73% and 65-75%, respectively. The results showed that most tests of NINB-RP reached moderate to good sensitivity and specificity for gender, age and education levels, except for DBT for females, above 50 years, and illiterate and intermediate education groups. FDT for males [AUC: 0.85 (95%CI0.80-0.91], ST/SP=76/82%] and females [(AUC=0.78 (95%CI0.74-0.82), ST/SP=71/70%], TDT for intermediate education group [AUC=0.82 (95%CI0.60-1.00), ST/SP=86/83%] and FTT for less than 49 years age group [AUC=0.75 (95%CI0.67-0.84), ST/SP=71/76%] were the most useful tests to discriminate among healthy control and cognitively impaired rural population.Conclusions:The present study is an attempt to establish the cut-off scores of a neuropsychological battery for a large rural population in the community setting. The proposed cut-off values might be helpful in clinical assessment in rural areas where clinical neuropsychology services are not readily available. NINB-RP can be a valuable tool for clinical research studies in rural communities. Further studies on similar samples in other countries need to be undertaken.

Semantics of Quantifiers in Mandarin Chinese: Mei (每) ‘Every’ and Dou (都) ‘All’

From a syntactic-semantic perspective, based on the number feature of subjects and predicates, we propose that: 1. Dou, it is radically a maximal operator, while it is also a dependent distributor (or called “partial distributive operator”), which has to occur with plural individuality including mei; 2. Compared to dou, mei is a near-independent distributive operator, in that with a quantity predicate, it can be an independent distributive operator, whereas with a property one, it requires other linguistic elements like dou to create together the distributive effect; 3. The distributive effect can be achieved in diverse ways: by the sole entry mei, by “mei plus dou”, and by the combination of dou with its scoped nominals that possess “plural individuality”; 4. From the various ways of yielding distributive effect, a generalized rule is obtained: the plural feature and the individual feature, they contribute together to yield distributive effect.

The Dilemma Of Operationalizing The Enterprise Under UNCLOS 1982

The Area's deep-seabed mining activities require substantial capital and sophisticated technologies, which become barriers for developing countries. UNCLOS 1982 envisioned that the presence of the Enterprise would solve this problem. However, the Enterprise is yet to be operationalized. The UNCLOS 1982’s Implementing Agreement 1994 postponed the Enterprise’s independent operation until the requirement is fulfilled. However, there have been changes within the international community that might affect the urgency on the Enterprise’s operationalization. This paper explored the dilemma of the Enterprise’s operationalization in ensuring the participation of developing countries and to generate the optimum benefits to all mankind. This research is aimed to contribute to the understanding of contemporary problems in applying the common heritage of mankind principle in the Area. The research found three dilemmas: (a) divided interests of developing countries; (b) optimizing financial benefits redistribution; and (c) the diminishing role attributed to the Enterprise. The research concluded that it is necessary to review the provisions in UNCLOS 1982 and the 1994 Agreement with the spirit of ensuring the participation of developing countries in the Area utilization by adjusting to the current situation of the international community.

Multi-skill resource-constrained multi-modal project scheduling problem based on hybrid quantum algorithm

Numerous studies on project scheduling only consider a single factor, which fails to reflect the actual environment of project operations. In light of this issue, the article synthesizes multiple perspectives and proposes a multi-skill resource-based multi-modal project scheduling problem (MRCMPSP). This problem is described, modeled, and solved using the resource capability matrix and other constraints to minimize the project duration. To effectively solve MRCMPSP and enrich scheduling algorithms, the paper selects the hybrid quantum algorithm (HQPSO) based on the quantum particle swarm algorithm (QPSO). The HQPSO introduces various improvements such as the JAYA optimization search to improve the algorithm's performance. In order to verify the generality, superiority, and effectiveness of the algorithm, independent operation comparison experiments and practical application experiments of the algorithm are designed based on different case sizes and resource quantities. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has superior convergence performance and solution accuracy and can provide an effective scheduling solution for real cases. Additionally, the article provides targeted management suggestions based on the research findings. Overall, this study contributes a novel mathematical model, solution algorithm, optimization strategies, and managerial insights, advancing the field of project management research.

Real-Time Obstacle Detection for Unmanned Surface Vehicle Maneuver

The rapid advancement and increasing demand for Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) technology have drawn considerable attention in various sectors, including commercial, research, and military, particularly in marine and shallow water applications. USVs have the potential to revolutionize monitoring systems in remote areas while reducing labor costs. One critical requirement for USVs is their ability to autonomously integrate Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) technology, enabling self-reliant operation without constant human oversight. However, current study for USV shown the use of traditional method using color detection which is inadequate to detect object with unstable lighting condition. This study addresses the challenge of enabling Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) to operate with minimal human intervention by enhancing their object detection and classification capabilities. In dynamic environments, such as water surfaces, accurate and rapid object recognition is essential. To achieve this, we focus on the implementation of deep learning algorithms, including the YOLO algorithm, to empower USVs with informed navigation decision-making capabilities. Our research contributes to the field of robotics by designing an affordable USV prototype capable of independent operation characterized by precise object detection and classification. By bridging the gap between advanced visualization techniques and autonomous USV technology, we envision practical applications in remote monitoring and marine operations with object detection. This paper presents the initial phase of our research, emphasizing significance of deep learning algorithms for enhancing USV navigation and decision-making in dynamic environmental conditions, resulting in mAP of 99.51%, IoU of 87.80%, error value of the YOLOv4-tiny image processing algorithm is 0.1542.

The Standard for Assessing Water Resistance Properties of Lubricating Grease Using Contact Angle Measurements

Many grease-lubricated machines operate in wet environments, and are vulnerable to contamination because of water exposure. Reports suggest that even the presence of 1% water in grease reduces the life of a bearing by 90%. Nevertheless, only a few qualitative tests and standards are available to characterize the water resistance properties of greases. In this paper, we propose a standard for evaluating the water resistance properties of greases by studying their hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature via a custom-designed apparatus for measuring the grease contact angle. In this approach, a water droplet is dispensed onto the surface of the grease and the contact angle of the droplet is studied. For this purpose, an apparatus was designed, built, and tested with twelve different greases. To validate the efficacy of the test method and setup, tests were performed at two different locations by independent operators. From the obtained contact angle values, the authors propose categorizing a grease’s water-resistance properties into five different grades that can be set as guidelines for the industrial user when selecting a grease for machinery operation in a wet environment. The classification of the water-repellent properties of greases, using the proposed standard is compared with existing ASTM standards used for evaluation of grease properties in the presence of water.

LONG-LIFE PULSED VACUUM-ARC PLASMA SOURCE

The design of a pulsed vacuum-arc plasma source with an ignition system based on dielectric surface breakdown is presented and the principle of its operation is described. In the engineered plasma source, a four-section anode is used along with an equal number of arc ignition sections. Additionally, separate power supply circuits are employed for both the main pulsed arc discharge and the arc ignition circuit. Independent operation of each section of this device is carried out, essentially constituting a combination of four pulsed plasma sources in one, the coordinated functioning of which is ensured by the control system. Practical tests of the pulsed plasma source have revealed its advantages as followed: a fourfold increase in the ignition system life-time; achieving uniform depletion of the cathode working surface; and, under specific conditions, enhancing the productivity of the plasma source.

MLAnalysis: An open-source program for high energy physics analyses

We present a python-based program for phenomenological investigations in particle physics using machine learning algorithms, called MLAnalysis. The program is able to convert LHE and LHCO files generated by MadGraph5_aMC@NLO into data sets for machine learning algorithms, which can analyze the information of the events. At present, it contains three machine learning (ML) algorithms: isolation forest (IF) algorithm, nested isolation forest (NIF) algorithm, kmeans anomaly detection (KMAD), and some basic functionality to analyze the kinematic features of a data set. Users can use this program to improve the efficiency of searching for new physics signals. Program summaryProgram Title: MLAnalysisCPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/xnrgv2z76h.1Developer's repository link:https://github.com/NBAlexis/MLAnalysisCode Ocean capsule:https://codeocean.com/capsule/3663195Programming language: Python3.8 and aboveNature of problem: With the continuous accumulation of experimental data, the research of high energy physics needs to process a large amount of data. ML methods can help us to improve the effect and efficiency of data analysis. Converting the data from experiments or Monte Carlo (MC) simulated events into data sets available for ML has become an important requirement. A program platform is needed for data preparation, as well as the application of various ML algorithms to improve the selection capability of target events and the efficiency of particle identification.Solution method: Supply an event analysis platform that supports ML approaches. The program is able to convert LHE and LHCO files into data sets that can be used for ML algorithms, and apply data preparation. In the data preparation step, the program transforms the raw data into a format that can be used to train and test machine learning algorithms, optimizes the adaptabilities and generalization capabilities of algorithms. The program offers several algorithms, including IF, NIF, and KMAD, which provide NP model independent and standard model effective field theory operator independent methods to optimize event selection strategies.

Design of Aquaponics System Based on Offshore Equipment

Offshore equipment is a large-scale engineering device set up in the open sea area of the deep and distant sea, which is an important way to expand the new area of aquaculture, oil and gas development and so on. In order to solve the problem of replenishment difficulty and wastewater discharge pollution existing in offshore equipment, this paper is based on the current situation of practical research and application of offshore equipment, through the literature and data calculation, systematic design of an aquaponics system based on offshore equipment, through the aquaponics system, through the automation of the data processing system, intelligent control, in the offshore equipment platform to achieve the soilless cultivation of vegetables, cultivation of fish fry in the tail water nitrification tank processing Recycling. The aquaponics system designed in this paper, in ecological, economic and social aspects, there is a positive role in promoting, especially for the future of offshore equipment independent operation to do the corresponding possibility of exploration, for the design and construction of supporting facilities for offshore equipment to provide advice and thinking.

Sustainability of community-based workers in multisectoral food security programs: a case study of producer leaders, village vaccinators, mother leaders, and community health workers in Burkina Faso

The community-based worker (CBW) model is commonly used by food security projects as an approach to catalyze community-driven development and to enhance long-term sustainability of project impacts in rural areas of low-income countries. However, there is limited follow-up research exploring how CBWs continue to carry out expected activities in the years that follow project exit. This case study examines how four different CBW roles—producer leaders, village vaccinators, community healthcare workers, mother leaders—all trained to contribute to the food security goals of a multi-year initiative in Kaya, Burkina Faso, sustained their respective activities post-project. Two years after the project ended, we collected qualitative data to examine how well these CBWs continued providing the activities that they had been trained to provide as expected by the project. We employ a conceptual framework of sustainability and exit strategies to assess what factors contributed to sustained activities and, where activities ceased, what caused them to stop. We find that where activities were sustained, all four hypothesized factors—sustained capacities, resources, motivation, and linkages—were present. We conclude by discussing key lessons and considerations for using the CBW model: (1) gradually transition to independent operation during project lifetime; (2) integrate CBWs into permanent and functional systems through gradual project exit; (3) professionalize the CBW role (re-think the volunteer approach); (4) what to do about resources and (5) co-develop endogenous definitions and indicators from the project onset.

Independent Wind Power Installations with Optimum Control Being the Part of Wind Power Plant

Based on the analysis of the independent wind power unit control with advanced blade installation to the required angle in accordance with pitch drive motor turn-on time estimation and taking into account the parameters of inductive resistance x1, reduced inductive resistance x′2, active resistance of the stator winding phase r1, reduced active resistance of the winding phase stator r′2, aimed at minimizing the time of the phase voltage transient regulation of the wind turbine generator, so as to improve the quality of the self-excitation process and the performance of power supply under conditions of incomplete information about wind speed and electrical load characteristics that change significantly over time - a criterion for delimiting the access time has been developed for the device to change blade position in terms of proposed and main methodsto develop controlling actions. Access time differentiation is made for the effective matching of the offered and basic ways of wind power installation control blade position, and minimization of time extrapolation interval of wind stream and electric loading promotes wind speed accuracy estimation and power consumption due to steady average values of meteorological and electric and power process, and also provides control time reduction of target control parameters from an existing basic control method, that essentially reduces its participation in decision making process as the given way generates control actions with delay that leads to fluctuations of phase voltage. The software control module of independent wind unit operationwithin the structure of wind power plant with the set advanced time and taking dynamic properties of the system into account that increases voltage stability of modern wind generators for an independent operation mode is developed. The software package for controlling a wind power plant has been improved based on the power unit operation mode - an independent process of electricity generation or for the power system.

Impact of building integrated photovoltaics on high rise office building in the Mediterranean

Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) presents a great opportunity for decreasing building energy demand and related CO2 emissions, specially in the refurbishment of old isolated high rise highly glazed office buildings. This article presents a simulation study of the impact of BIPV on a Spanish office building of the 60’s, aiming to serve as a reference for this type of buildings in the Mediterranean region. Upgrade of the envelope with BIPV is evaluated. The solutions for the glazing system include conventional solar control window and a transparent photovoltaic prototype window. On the opaque part, commercial BIPV is considered. A comprehensive model integrating the BIPV impact in walls in windows for the thermal, electrical and daylighting is presented. Dynamic simulations carried out with TRNSYS software allow to evaluate the impact on daylighting, energy demand and economics. The results show that transparent BIPV reduced the energy demand by 6.9% and the total energy balance by 21%. The opaque BIPV further improved these results achieving a 38.3% reduction in the energy balance. Moreover, transparent BIPV also reduces the hours with excessive daylighting, although at the cost of reduced daylighting autonomy. The economic analysis highlights the importance of electricity pricing schedules in the promotion of BIPV, comparing current tariff structure in Spain and the duck chart from California Independent Operator. Results show the capabilities of this technology and provides guidelines for investment cost and efficiency targets.

Business model shift in independent restaurant operation: the COVID-19 impacts

ABSTRACT Restaurant operators adapted their business practices and concepts during the COVID-19. The aim of this research is to identify the transformation of key components of independent restaurant business models. We used a reference framework comprising three key variables—Process, People and Profit—used to distinguish the influence of fast failure concept and the necessary adaptation of the traditional revenue model. The impact of this crisis on their business models and the decisions on which some practices are grounded have allowed us to review traditional processes and assess their relevance. This research is based on 10 interviews with restaurant operators located in various regions of Québec (Canada). The results show that, in this period of insecurity shared by customers and restaurant operators, processes were the components most affected by this upheaval. These processes were characterized by sharing of responsibilities among team members, speed of deployment of tests, and the importance of three elements: partners with multidisciplinary skills, stakeholders, and financial performance centered on profit margins instead of the usual volume aspect. Organic adaptation centered on experimentation and mutual adjustment of resources are what characterized an emergent form of business model in the restaurant industry.

Heating performance, exergy, and economic analysis of a heat pump drying system with an independent operating ability for drying shiitake mushrooms

In response to the problems of untimely drying in place of agricultural products after harvesting, low drying temperature of open heat pump drying system and low energy utilization of closed heat pump drying system. A novel heat pump drying system is proposed, which uses a gasoline generator as the power source and an open-closed combined heat pump system equipped with a box-type drying chamber. A prototype was constructed to investigate the feasibility and heating performance of this system, and experimental studies were carried out with wet towels and shiitake mushrooms as drying objects, and the system heating performance and specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) were analyzed. The results from the wet towels experiment revealed that the drying temperature decreased by 30%–74% when the system operation mode was the dehumidifying mode (open cycle) compared with the switching of the heating/dehumidifying mode. When the air speed was increased from 2.2 m/s to 4.3 m/s, the mass of water removed increased by 39.4%. The results of the shiitake mushrooms experiment showed that the SMER were 1.19 kg/kWh, 1.18 kg/kWh and 1.05 kg/kWh for gasoline generator drive and electric drive, respectively, which is an improvement of 42%∼61% comparing with the data of other researchers. This study provides guidance for heating performance and structural optimization of a new type of heat pump drying system driven by gasoline generator.

On-shell operator construction in the effective field theory of gravity

We construct the on-shell amplitude basis and the corresponding effective operators for generic modified gravity theory, such as pure gravity with higher derivatives, scalar-tensor gravity, Einstein-Yang-Mills, etc. Taking the Weyl tensor as the building block, we utilize the Young tensor technique to obtain independent operators, without equation of motion and total derivative redundancies. We update our algorithm and vastly increase the speed for finding the monomial basis (m-basis) of effective operators expressed in terms of Weyl tensors with Lorentz indices, the familiar form for the General Relativity community. Finally, we obtain the complete and independent amplitude and operator basis for GRSMEFT and GRLEFT up to mass dimension 10.

Clinical hypoxemia score for outpatient child pneumonia care lacking pulse oximetry in Africa and South Asia.

Pulse oximeters are not routinely available in outpatient clinics in low- and middle-income countries. We derived clinical scores to identify hypoxemic child pneumonia. This was a retrospective pooled analysis of two outpatient datasets of 3-35 month olds with World Health Organization (WHO)-defined pneumonia in Bangladesh and Malawi. We constructed, internally validated, and compared fit & discrimination of four models predicting SpO2 < 93% and <90%: (1) Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guidelines, (2) WHO-composite guidelines, (3) Independent variable least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO); (4) Composite variable LASSO. 12,712 observations were included. The independent and composite LASSO models discriminated moderately (both C-statistic 0.77) between children with a SpO2 < 93% and ≥94%; model predictive capacities remained moderate after adjusting for potential overfitting (C-statistic 0.74 and 0.75). The IMCI and WHO-composite models had poorer discrimination (C-statistic 0.56 and 0.68) and identified 20.6% and 56.8% of SpO2 < 93% cases. The highest score stratum of the independent and composite LASSO models identified 46.7% and 49.0% of SpO2 < 93% cases. Both LASSO models had similar performance for a SpO2 < 90%. In the absence of pulse oximeters, both LASSO models better identified outpatient hypoxemic pneumonia cases than the WHO guidelines. Score external validation and implementation are needed.