Independent Discipline Research Articles

Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pengadilan Negeri Karawang Kelas 1b

The aim of this research is to examine the influence of work discipline and motivation on performance. This research uses quantitative methodology through a verification approach, a sample of 75 people from Class 1B Karawang District Court employees. Correlation test results with a sig value of 0.001 < 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is a correlation between the independent variable work discipline and the dependent variable performance. Correlation test results with a sig value of 0.001 < 0.05. It can be concluded that motivation has a positive and significant effect on performance. The calculated F calculation results are 93.290 > Ftable 3.12, and the sig value is 0.001 < 0.05, so Ho is rejected. Based on these two test results, there is a simultaneous influence between work discipline and motivation variables on performance of 72.2%, the remaining 27.8% is influenced by other variables not measured in this research

ОЛЕКСАНДР ФІНКЕЛЬ І СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ПЕРЕКЛАДОЗНАВСТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The paper is a tribute to Oleksandr Finkel’s signifi cant role in establishing Ukrainian translation studies as an independent academic discipline. Finkel’s pioneering work introduced a methodological approach to analysing linguistic aspects of translation, marking him as one of the early adopters of this approach. As a leading scholar based in Kharkiv, he produced the research in Ukraine which had a ripple eff ect throughout the Soviet Union and beyond. Finkel’s extensive exploration of translation as a scholarly pursuit aimed at creating a distinct academic fi eld within Ukrainian academia utilizing a burgeoning linguostylistic methodology. Drawing primarily from Finkel’s published works and manuscripts, the paper organizes his perspectives around the core areas of translation studies: theory, criticism, and pedagogy. His application of linguostylistics delves deep into fundamental translation phenomena such as equivalence, text types, translation multiplicity, the translator’s role, intertextuality, and textual dynamics. In the framework of George Steiner’s classifi cation of translation studies periods, Finkel’s ideas align most closely with the third period, characterized by a linguistic approach to translation theory. Early on, he interconnects translation with stylistics and linguistics, later evolving into linguostylistics. Key inquiries in his work include the nature of translation, the smallest unit of translation, the linguistic structure of text elements like words and sentences, and how linguistic elements shape historical cultural realities. Key words: translation theory, equivalence, text types, translation quality assessment, translation didactics.

The history of the development of atmospheric air hygiene in historical milestones and persons of the A.N. Sysin Institute

This article presents a retrospective analysis of the origin and further development of domestic atmospheric hygiene, closely intertwined with the history of the A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene since the beginning of the XX century. As the stages of the formation of an independent hygienic discipline and the deep integration of its scientific principles into the legislation and practice of the domestic sanitary and epidemiological service, the authors present the directions of research carried out at various times on the basis of the laboratory of atmospheric air hygiene of the Institute. For each such stage, the role of hygiene scientists who worked at the A.N. Sysin Research Institute at various times is indicated, as well as their achievements as a legacy preserved as part of the interdisciplinary scientific school of atmospheric hygiene. There are described works of such scientists as A.N. Sysin, V.A. Ryazanov, M.S. Goldberg, Yu.G. Feldman, V.A. Hoffmekler, M.A. Pinigin and L.A. Tepikina, which are rightfully considered classics of the scientific justification of the used sanitary and epidemiological requirements and hygienic standards. Along with the description of scientific ideas, the article presents fundamental problematic issues of atmospheric air hygiene, formulated at the Institute back in the 70s of the last century. The consistent development of regulatory legal regulation of atmospheric air protection in Russia up to the modern integration of an extensive database of hygienic standards into the practice of environmental regulation can be considered a reflection of the scientific achievements of the Laboratory of Atmospheric air Hygiene of the Institute. Adherence to traditions is presented on a par with advanced ideas developed at various times at the A.N. Sysin Research Institute, aimed at unconditionally ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population.

Prompt Update Algorithm Based on the Boolean Vector Inner Product and Ant Colony Algorithm for Fast Target Type Recognition

In recent years, data mining technology has become increasingly popular, evolving into an independent discipline as research deepens. This study constructs and optimizes an association rule algorithm based on the Boolean vector (BV) inner product and ant colony optimization to enhance data mining efficiency. Frequent itemsets are extracted from the database by establishing BV and performing vector inner product operations. These frequent itemsets form the problem space for the ant colony algorithm, which generates the maximum frequent itemset. Initially, data from the total scores of players during the 2022–2024 regular season was analyzed to obtain the optimal lineup. The results obtained from the Apriori algorithm (AA) were used as a standard for comparison with the Confidence-Debiased Adversarial Fuzzy Apriori Method (CDAFAM), the AA based on deep learning (DL), and the proposed algorithm regarding their results and required time. A dataset of disease symptoms was then used to determine diseases based on symptoms, comparing accuracy and time against the original database as a standard. Finally, simulations were conducted using five batches of radar data from the observation platform to compare the time and accuracy of the four algorithms. The results indicate that both the proposed algorithm and the AA based on DL achieve approximately 10% higher accuracy compared with the traditional AA. Additionally, the proposed algorithm requires only about 25% of the time needed by the traditional AA and the AA based on DL for target recognition. Although the CDAFAM has a similar processing time to the proposed algorithm, its accuracy is lower. These findings demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the accuracy and speed of target recognition.

An Analysis of the Dilemma of Developing Media Literacy Education in China

Though media literacy education appeared as an independent discipline in some developed countries in the 20th century, it has only just begun in China in the 21st century. Nowadays, with the advancement of the Internet and science and technology, media literacy education has emerged as a prominent issue of global concern. As such, the rapid economic and scientific development of China, the largest developing country, has led to increasing demands for media literacy. Therefore, the paper presents an analysis of pertinent studies on efficacious media literacy education programs in developed countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada, and compares the current situation of media literacy education in China in terms of educational policies, schools, and social practices. In addition, it also points out the dilemmas facing the development of media literacy education in China, including the rapid updating of technology and platforms, the lack of selection and evaluation of media content, social inequality, and the digital divide. China should actively learn from the international advanced cases of media literacy education, so as to make Chinas media education better adapt to the information age of the 21st century, strive to solve the current media problems as soon as possible, and explore a localized road of media literacy education.

Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Serasi Autoraya (TRAC)

Sinar Inti Telaga was founded in 1986, then transformed into PT Serasi Autoraya in 1990 by introducing the trademark "Toyota A Car". PT. Serasi Autoraya (TRAC) is an international subsidiary. Tbk which is now widely known as one of the largest transportation and logistics service companies in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of compensation and work discipline on the performance of PT. Serasi Autoraya (TRAC) in this research uses independent variables, namely compensation (X1) and work discipline (X2) as well as the dependent variable, namely employee performance (Y). The population of this study were employees of PT. Serasi Autoraya (TRAC). The sample used the Puprosive Sampling method, data collection by collecting questionnaires online with Google from to 50 respondents. The method in this research uses quantitative statistical methods. Quantitative statistical analysis includes validity tests, reliability tests, multiple linear analysis. Other hypothesis testing includes classical assumption tests, including data normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, T test, F test, and coefficient of determination test (R2). The data was processed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) 25.0 photo windows program. The test results of the T (Partial) test on the compensation variable (X1) show that the sig 0.004 < 0.05 and t value 3,028 > 2,010 (t table) test results on the T (Partial) test on the work discipline variable, namely 0.000 < 0.05 and t value 6,081 > 2,010 (t table). The test results of the F test (Simultaneous) show that the sig value is 0.000 < 0.05 and the calculated f value is 49,966 > 3.19 (f table) and it can be concluded that compensation (X1) and work discipline (X2) have a positive and significant effect on performance employee (Y).

The Evolution and Challenges of Academic Family Medicine: Insights from the Banja Luka Declaration

Abstract Academic medicine encompasses education, research and clinical practice, and plays a crucial role in advancing medical science and training physicians. However, the field faces a crisis, with fewer graduates pursuing academic careers. Family medicine emerged as an academic discipline in the second half of the 20th century, contributing significantly to science and primary healthcare. Despite its recognised status, the World Health Organization has yet to formally define it as an academic discipline. Nevertheless, the discipline must continually update its academic dimension in order to address future challenges. The international conference in Banja Luka, attended by deans or representatives of Medical Faculties in Southeast Europe, emphasized family medicine's role in primary healthcare and academic medicine, adopting the Banja Luka Declaration to promote family medicine as an independent academic discipline. The conference aims to inspire global support for family medicine as an academic discipline.

The Relationship between Teacher Teaching Quality and the Independent Character and Discipline of Kindergarten Group B Children in Taman District Madiun City

The Relationship between Teacher Teaching Quality and the Independent Character and Discipline of Kindergarten Group B Children in Taman District Madiun City

On the institutionalization of Russian pulmonology: the second and third stages of its history

For the first time, the authors conducted a historical analysis of primary sources and identified 3 stages in the history of Russian pulmonology, naming 8 of its founders. The content is disclosed in two articles (the first one was published in No. 3 of our journal for 2024). This article tells about the second (pulmonology as an independent scientific and educational discipline within the clinic of internal diseases) and the third (as a new medical specialty) stages of the history of Russian pulmonology in the XX century.

Eric Cohen and his theoretical research in the sociology of tourism

Israeli sociologist Eric Cohen is one of the founders of the sociology of tourism. This scientist proposed both his own developments in the field of tourism, including the typology of tourists, the classification of ways to obtain tourist experience, and analyzed the general path of development of this branch of knowledge, resorting to understanding the theoretical and empirical works of other researchers, and also outlined trends and main topics of modern research in this field of knowledge. The theoretical research of this scientist has become an important reference point for researchers studying global processes taking place in the world, as well as complex interactions between tourists and locals. This article is devoted to the analysis of Eric Cohen's theoretical contribution to the sociology of tourism, his conceptual approach and the significance of his works for modern research. The author explores the theoretical research of Eric Cohen using general scientific methods of cognition, as well as genetic, comparative historical and other methods that reveal the specifics of the scientist's approach. The scientific novelty of this topic lies in the systematization of the main ideas of Eric Cohen and the study of his contribution to the study of the phenomenon of tourism and the development of the sociology of tourism as an independent discipline. The works of the Israeli sociologist Eric Cohen, his conceptual apparatus and analytical tools testify to the high importance of his works for modern sociological theory. His works maintain high citation rates and are regularly consulted by modern researchers. These publications cover a wide range of topics: from typologies of tourists, concepts of tourist experience, research on authenticity to the analysis of the state of sociology of tourism as an independent science, identifying trends and the main topics dominating here, which makes him one of the most influential scientists in this field.

Secondary School – Higher Education Institution Continuity on the Example of Teaching Computer Science and Information Technology

The problem of continuity at different levels of education is not new for pedagogy, teaching individual disciplines, including computer science and information technology. It is impossible not to take into account that information technologies are an independent discipline, a means through which the transformation of school and university education has been taking place in recent decades. The content of informatics at school and university should to a certain extent correspond to the level of science development and the requirements of society. The variety of digital tools and the ubiquitous availability of information create huge opportunities for their creative use within their discipline, related natural science subjects, and in various other spheres of human activity. Based on a comparative analysis, the article draws conclusions about the problems faced by both domestic and foreign specialists in the field of education. The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and problems of the school and university education systems in Russia and abroad, and considers their relationship. It is substantiated that the lack of consistency and discreteness in the process of teaching computer science and information technology at school lead to a discrepancy between the training of school graduates and the requirements for the basic knowledge of first-year university students. The article presents the results of the analysis of basic curricula at school (in the field of computer science) and curricula in the preparation of future computer science teachers at the university (using the Transbaikal State University as an example). The authors analyze the results of diagnostic testing, which was conducted with first-year students of the Transbaikal State University in September 2023/2024, in order to monitor their existing knowledge and skills in the field of computer science. The article suggests ways to solve the problem of secondary school – higher education institution continuity in the field of computer science. The results of the study can be used in the preparation of future computer science teachers in higher educational institutions. Keywords: continuity of education, lifelong education, computer science and educational technologies, information competence, computer literacy

Looking back on 100 years of board certification for urology in Germany : Formation of amedical subject in the context of specialization and professionalization

This article examines the development of urology as an independent medical discipline in Germany, with aparticular focus on professionalization and specialization in the 19thand 20thcenturies. Based on historical sources, the text illuminates the importance of the German medical profession's further training regulations as an instrument of medical self-administration and the classification of urology as amedical specialty in the Bremen guidelines of 1924, which established board certification in diseases of the urinary organs (urology).

Pengaruh Kompensasi, Disiplin Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Eka Silver Gold and Jewelry

This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of compensation, work discipline and work motivation on employee performance at PT. Eka Silver Gold And Jewelry. This type of research is research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all employees of PT. Eka Silver Gold And Jewelry. Determination of the sample in the study used non-probability sampling through saturated samples so that the total sample in this study was 50 employees. The data analysis method in this research uses SPSS analysis tools through validity, reliability, classical assumption tests, namely normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple linear regression, t test, F test and correlation and determination coefficients. The results of this research show that (1) Compensation Variable with a sig value. 0.000 < 0.05, then the compensation variable influences employee performance (2) Work Discipline variable with a sig value. 0.000 < 0.05, then the work discipline variable influences employee performance (3) The work motivation variable with a sig. 0.000 < 0.05, then the motivation variable influences employee performance (4). From the results of these calculations, an Fcount of 25.680 is obtained, which means an Fcount of 25.680 and a sig value. 0.000 < 0.05 so Ho is rejected and H4 is accepted. So the independent variables Compensation, Work Discipline and Work Motivation together have an influence on employee performance at PT. Eka Silver Gold and Jewelry.

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Apotek Libra Surabaya

In This research aims to determine the influence of leadership and work discipline on employee performance at Libra Pharmacy Surabaya. This research uses quantitative research methods. The sample used was all employees who worked at Libra Pharmacy Surabaya, totaling 32 employees. Data collection techniques used questionnaires. The research variables are the independent variable leadership performance and discipline, the dependent variable is employee performance. Mei-Juni 2024. Libra pharmacy employees. The results of this research are that leadership has a significant effect on the performance of Libra pharmacy employees. The conclusion obtained from the results of the regression equation analysis is that the regression coefficient value for leadership is -1.072 with a negative relationship direction, which means that if leadership is increased, employee performance will be lower and vice versa, if leadership is low then the level of employee performance will be higher. Apart from that, it has a calculated t value of -3.481 < t table 1.699 and has a probability value of 0.002 < 0.05, then H is accepted. Work discipline has a significant effect on the performance of Libra pharmacy employees. The conclusion obtained is that from the results of the regression equation analysis, the regression coefficient value for work discipline is -0.907 with a negative relationship direction, which means that if work discipline is increased, employee performance will be lower and vice versa, if work discipline is low then the level of employee performance will be higher. high., apart from that it has a calculated t value of -5.447 < t table 1.699 and has a probability value of 0.000 < 0.05, then H is accepted.

Natural contra human sciences: the conflict between nomothetic and idiographic sciences, with special reference to S. J. Boëthius

ABSTRACT This article tackles issues central to most academic disciplines, including scientific boundary demarcation, the battle of the faculties, the theory of science, and the conflict between nomothetic and idiographic methodologies, that is, between the two main approaches to science. It does so through discovering and rethinking a Methodenstreit in Swedish political science, an academic dispute involving Professor Rudolf Kjellén, the father of geopolitics, and his greatest rival, Professor S. J. Boëthius. Shortly after retiring from the Johan Skytte Professorship at Uppsala University, S. J. Boëthius published a great but inaccessible work on state theory and its history entitled Om statslivet (On the life of the state, 1916). The book critiques the positivistic and nomothetic (law-searching) approaches of the burgeoning social sciences, which were emancipating themselves from their father, history, and becoming independent disciplines. Boëthius critiqued the nomothetic studies of history, economics, statistics, sociology, and geopolitics for overemphasizing the significance of historical, economic, statistical, sociological, and geographical environments and structures. Thus, the exponents of these new or changing disciplines were criticized for neglecting the most important driving force of human affairs in Boëthius’s mind, namely, the power of personality and individual free will.

Housing Sociology will become a Thing. Discussing the Book Edited by B.J. Mccabe, E. Rosen Titled “The Sociology of Housing: How Homes Shape our Social Lives”

Housing sociology is a fairly modern branch of sociology. It originated in the USA in the mid-20th century and continues to gain popularity all around the world. However discussions about its viability as an independent discipline continue to this day. The publication of the book “The Sociology of Housing” in 2023, which was edited by modern sociologists and researchers of the housing industry B.J. McCabe and E. Rosen, actually puts an end to this dispute. The collective work of the authors reveals not only the variety of issues and the methods for studying them that housing sociology addresses, but also demonstrates the problems and prospects for the development of this discipline, the possibilities of interdisciplinary cooperation, and the specifics of sociological imagination and the thought process of people from the industry. This is precisely what the author of this review focuses on. In fact, this book can be considered a manifesto for housing sociology (by analogy with the manifesto of sociology of mobilities by J. Urry), something not mentioned by its authors and editors out of modesty.

Basics of English-Ukrainian translation in an intercultural educational environment

The article covers the study of the basics of English-Ukrainian translation in the intercultural educational environment of Transcarpathia. The concepts of bilingual and trilingual education in institutions of higher education are defined as well as the process surrounding the formation of theoretical and practical translation skills. In the second half of the 20th century, the long-term analysis of translation activity reached such a level that it led to the creation of independent disciplines known as translation theory, translation studies, foundations of translation studies, etc. Translation studies not only developed rapidly and in a short period of time but it became an independent subject of study. The discipline also developed its own terminology which has been used for more than 50 years. The purpose of the scientific article is three-fold: 1) to study the specifics of English-Ukrainian translation; 2) to clarify the concepts of «bilingual» and «plurilingual» education; 3) to form theoretical and practical skills of English-Ukrainian translation in students while taking into account the specifics of the intercultural educational environment. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that we investigated the concept of «bilingual» and «plurilingual» education. The content and specificity of the intercultural educational environment gained further development during the English-Ukrainian translation. In the future, it is planned to study the specifics of the language components of English-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-English translations. Keywords: language, bilingual, plurilingual education, translation, intercultural educational environment.

Традиционализм и прагматизм в административно-правовой науке

The features of reforming the fundamental institutions of administrative-legal science in modern political and legal conditions are considered. The conceptual apparatus of administrative law currently does not meet its purpose, especially in the category of “public administration”. Using the example of German administrative law, the coexistence of various educational courses is substantiated, including “the doctrine of management”, “general administrative law”, “police law” and “public order law”, which are independent academic disciplines. Corresponding differences are also accepted in Germany when conducting scientific research. In the new political and legal conditions, the subject of administrative law lies primarily in the study of the basic institutions of executive power, while theoretical postulates must correspond to their pragmatic purpose. The subject of study of the new course of administrative law should be not only its traditional categories, but also the concepts of “public property relation”, “special public body or organization”; in relation to the latter, the study of the organizational and legal forms of activity of state corporations in their relations with the executive power.

The Human Body is the Collective Unconscious: Archetypal Images as Innate Embodied Metaphors.

For a significant part of its history, archetype theory has been undermined by criticisms containing unexamined Cartesian assumptions. Such assumptions treat all cognition as disembodied, consisting of mere manipulation of abstract, inherently meaningless signs mimicked from verbal instruction or cultural learning. Since the 1980s, due to the results of many independent disciplines, however, this view is being replaced with one of embodied cognition. This shift has important consequences for archetype theory, allowing us to provide a non-reductive biological anchor that explains many characteristics of the archetypal image.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INSENTIF, BEBAN KERJA DAN DISIPLIN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT BPR PERBAUNGAN HOMBAR MAKMUR PERBAUNGAN

This research aims to determine and analyze the effect of providing incentives, workload and discipline on employee performance at PT BPR Perbaungan Hombar Makmur Perbaungan. The population of this study was 32 people and the number of samples using saturated sampling techniques or census was 32 people. The data analysis technique used in this research is analysis with the SmartPLS 4 SEM model. The results of the research show that the incentive variable has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with an original sample of 0.456 and a t-statistic test value of 3.808 > t table 1.701 and a p value of 0.000 < 0. 05. Workload has a negative and significant effect on employee performance with an original sample value of -0.686 and a t-statistic test of 4.924 > t table 1.701 with a p value of 0.000 < 0.05. Discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with an original sample value of 0.411 and a tstatistics test of 3.960 > ttable 1.701 with a p value of 0.000 < 0.05. The R Square value of 0.750 is equal to 73%. So it can be explained that variations in employee performance can be explained by independent variables, namely incentives, workload and discipline, amounting to 73%, the remaining 27% is explained by other factors not explained in the research.