Independent Commissioners Research Articles

UNDERSTANDING TAX AVOIDANCE : INSIGHTS FROM COMMISSIONERS, OWNERSHIP, AUDIT, EXECUTIVES

This study looks at the impact of institutional ownership, independent commissioners, external audits, and executive personality on tax avoidance in the Indonesian food and beverage industry. The findings demonstrate that independent commissioners significantly reduce the incidence of tax evasion. Analyzing 60 financial reports spanning 2018 to 2022, it finds that independent commissioners significantly decrease tax avoidance, highlighting the importance of internal oversight for transparency. However, institutional ownership, external audit, and executive character show no significant impact. These results underscore the intricate nature of tax avoidance and advocate for a comprehensive supervisory framework to manage tax risks and uphold corporate reputation effectively. The research contributes valuable insights into corporate governance and tax compliance, offering practical guidance for practitioners to enhance transparency and integrity within their organizations. Ultimately, these efforts aim to improve tax compliance and reputation management in the food and beverage sector.

Executive Compensation, Executive Character, Tax Avoidance: Does Independent Commissioner Matter?

This study looks at the impact of executive compensation and character on tax avoidance. This study also looks at the moderating influence of the proportion of independent commissioners in this connection. This study uses secondary data from financial statements from consumer products businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021, retrieved from www.idx.co.id. The overall sample size for this study was 85 observations, as determined via purposive sampling. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate panel data. This research concludes that executive compensation is positively related to tax avoidance, while executive character does not affect tax avoidance. Furthermore, the proportion of independent commissioners succeeded in reducing the positive influence of executive compensation on tax avoidance, while the role of independent commissioners did not have a role in reducing the positive influence of executive character on tax avoidance. This research is expected to be a means for the Indonesian Tax Authority to create policies for profiling company compensation characteristics for executives as an initial indicator of tax avoidance activities carried out by companies.

The Effect of Corporate Social Responcibility, and Good Corporate Governance on The Financial Performance of The Health Sector Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022

Financial performance is used as an assumption by investors in seeing the company's success rate. Maximizing financial performance is the same as paying attention to the prosperity of stakeholders. Therefore, companies do not only focus on profits, but need to pay attention to social and environmental conditions. Thus it can attract investors to invest in the company. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility, Independent Commissioner, Audit Committee, Constitutional Ownership on the company's financial performance.The research method used is quantitative and qualitative research methods with secondary data. This research was conducted at health sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2019 to 2022. The sample determination method used purposive sampling and obtained 52 observation samples. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis with data presentation assisted by the SPSS 26 application. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility has a positive effect on Financial Performance, Independent Commissioner has a positive effect on Financial Performance, Audit Committee has a positive effect on Financial Performance, while Constitutional Ownership has no effect on Financial Performance. These results are expected to be a consi­deration for investors in investing, because increasing financial performance is characterized by an increase in the company's share price, so that investors get optimal returns.

Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Efektivitas Audit Internal dalam Mewujudkan Good Corporate Governance (Studi Kasus pada Perbankan di Kota Padang Periode 2018 – 2020)

The influence of implementing auditor competence, the influence of independent auditors and audit committees on internal audit efficiency in fostering good corporate governance (a study of banking in the city of Padang). In this method, primary data is collected through questionnaires, making it a qualitative technique. The participants in this study were internal auditors from eleven different banks in Padang. Internal Audit Effectiveness in Realizing Good Corporate Governance is the dependent variable, and auditor competence, auditor independence, and audit committee independence are the independent variables used in this study. A statistical procedure called multiple regression analysis was used to check the information. Based on the findings, there is no relationship between the use of auditor competence and the effectiveness of internal audit in realizing good corporate governance in banking in the city of Padang. Likewise, there is no correlation between auditor independence and effectiveness, and there is a significant effect of independence on effectiveness. Audit delay, company size, financial health, and profitability are all relevant factors.

THE EFFECT OF GCG MECHANISM AND CSR ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

This study aims to determine and examine The Effect of independent commissioners, managerial ownership, audit committees, and corporate social responsibility on financial performance both partially and simultaneously (together) in Textile and Garment Sub Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2017-2021. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive and verification. Testing the hypothesis using a multiple linear regression analysis model. The study results show that some GCG components affect financial performance, and others do not. The independent board of commissioners and audit committee do not affect ROA. Managerial ownership and CSR affect ROA. Then the independent board of commissioners also does not affect EPS. Managerial ownership, audit committee, and CSR affect EPS. Together the independent board of commissioners, managerial ownership, audit committee, and, CSR affect ROA and EPS in textile and garment sub-sector companies for the 2017-2021 period.

Does Independent Commissioner Decrease The Positive Association Between Transfer Pricing And Tax Avoidance?

Indonesia's tax ratio has not increased proportionally to projected tax revenues. A low tax ratio indicates tax avoidance. One type of tax avoidance strategy is transfer pricing. The presence of independent commissioners is expected to suppress transfer pricing practices as a forum for tax avoidance by management. This research examines the contribution of transfer pricing to tax avoidance practices. The study also investigates the moderation role of independent commissioners on managers' tax avoidance actions. The sample selection was carried out purposely on multinational manufacturing companies listed from 2019 to 2022 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, resulting in 12 multinational manufacturing companies as samples. This research utilizes quantitative methods through panel data regression analysis. The test result finds that transfer pricing positively influences tax avoidance. However, the independent commissioner succeeds in weakening the positive influence of transfer pricing on tax avoidance. This indicates that independent commissioners have difficulty influencing management or operational-related decisions. This research implies that the Directorate General should focus on companies with high related party transactions to indicate that the company is likely to commit tax avoidance. This focus on supervision is considered to be able to increase Indonesia's tax revenue and ratio.

Tax Aggressiveness in Indonesia: Insights From CSR, Financial Dynamics, and Governance

This study explores the impact of CSR, leverage, profitability, and independent commissioners on tax aggressiveness in 45 food and beverage companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017. The analysis, using multiple linear regression in SPSS, revealed that CSR positively influence tax aggressiveness, while independent commissioners have a negative influence. However, neither profitability nor leverage significantly influences tax aggressiveness. We conducted a sensitivity analysis using different proxy variable for dependent variable and found that CSR and independent commissioner remain significant in both the ETR and BTD models for tax aggressiveness. However, the significance of profitability and leverage differed between the two models. In the ETR model, neither profitability nor leverage was significant. In contrast, in the BTD model, profitability was significant, but leverage was not. Our findings reinforce the importance of CSR, profitability, leverage, and independent commissioners in explaining tax aggressiveness. The study provides insight into the need for regulators to reduce tax aggressiveness by companies.

Peran Kebijakan Dividen dalam Tata Kelola Perusahaan yang Dikontrol oleh Keluarga

The research aims to examine how family company governance influences dividend policy in the context of minority shareholder protection in 345 observations of family companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2016-2020 period. The results of this research using panel regression (random effects model) show that family ownership concentration has a non-linear relationship to dividend policy, while the level of family involvement through the board of directors and board of commissioners has a statistically negative effect on dividend policy. However, the existence of independent commissioners and lender supervision do not have a significant effect on dividend policy. Overall, this research supports agency theory that family involvement in the company can give rise to agency conflicts with minority shareholders through dividend distribution.

Implementasi Kebijakan Program Strategis Nasional pada PT. Waskita Karya

This research examines the implementation of PT's National Strategic Program. Waskita Karya specializes in the construction of the Depok-Antasari toll road. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze how PT. Waskita Karya as the implementing agency for the construction of the Depok-Antasari toll road implements the policy, knows and analyzes the supporting and inhibiting factors for implementing the policy, as well as the efforts made to overcome the factors inhibiting implementation. This research was designed using 4 indicator dimensions, namely: communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. The method used is qualitative-descriptive which produces descriptive data in the form of speech or writing and behavior that can be observed from people or subjects. The techniques used to collect data are: observation, interviews, documents and audio-visual material by testing the validity of the data through the triangulation method based on sources, methods and theories. The informants in this research are: Secretary to the Minister of State-Owned Enterprises, Independent Commissioner of PT. Waskita Karya, Operational Director of PT. Waskita Karya, as well as Nur Afni and Novis Radhyan as community users of the Depok-Antasari toll road. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the obstacle to implementing the National Strategic Program policy in the construction of the Depok-Antasari toll road is land acquisition, which apart from consuming a lot of budget, also wastes time. The problem of land acquisition specifically occurs because there is a lot of overlapping land ownership in the community, so they have to wait for a court decision to determine who actually owns the land rights. Researchers suggest that time space needs to be given to the Land Registration Agency (BPN) to disseminate information to the public about land ownership simultaneously so as not to waste time in implementing policies.

The Good Corporate Governance: Case Study in Indonesia and Philippines

Good corporate governance is critical in reducing conflict between agencies in the workplace. Corporate governance is crucial in developing nations with lax law enforcement. The impact of governance on corporate performance is investigated in this article. This study uses quantitative data from manufacturing companies registered on the Indonesian and Philippine stock exchanges. This study relied on 655 observations from Indonesia and 220 from the Philippines. Corporate governance is measured using independent commissioners, the number of board members, shareholder ownership, and the use of Big Four auditors. This study discovered that independent commissioners, the board size, and block-holders ownership significantly affected the return on assets. Tobin's Q analysis revealed that only Board Size had a significant effect. Unlike Indonesia, the results of this study in the Philippines showed that independent commissioners and block holder ownership significantly impacted the return on assets. On the other hand, this study using Tobin’s Q showed that all independent variables, such as independent commissioners, the board size, block-holders ownership, and big four accounting firms, had a significant effect. The practical implication of the study's findings is that management monitoring by independent commissioners and all commissioners is beneficial in avoiding managers' acts that harm the organization. On the one hand, the number of commissioners sends an excellent signal to the market. Block holder ownership and the usage of big four accounting firms can also strengthen monitoring, improving corporate performance. Companies should have a high proportion of independent commissioners, a modest board size, and use big four accounting firms. Companies can increase their performance and investor trust by applying the above governance components.

Impact street earnings on tax avoidance

This study discusses the effect of street earnings on tax avoidance for two reasons. First, there is the potential for companies that always minimize tax avoidance, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, preventive actions from various parties, including independent commissioners, public accounting firms, and securities analysts who carry out street earnings-related tax avoidance activity. This study was conducted on manufacturing companies for the 2015–2020 period. This study also added an expansive test without taking two controlling variables. As a result, street earnings have a significant negative effect on tax avoidance in expansive testing, meaning recommended companies by analysts could potentially do tax avoidance. The practical implication is the role of securities analysts as recommended parties for company monitoring. The theoretical implication is that transitory items excluded increase earnings relevant in various tests, thus further studies are needed, such as the effect of street earnings on corporate governance.

Factors Affecting Firm Value: Empirical Research on Non-Cyclicals Consumer Firms

This study aimed to examine the relationship between Corporate Governance proxied by Independent Commissioner and Audit Committee, Dividend Policy (DPR), and Investment Decision (PER) on Firm Value (PBV) with Financial Performance (ROA) as mediating variable. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique which obtained 102 observations of Consumer Non-Cyclicals companies during 2018-2022. The data analysis technique used in this study was multiple linear regression analysis. The research results showed that Dividend Policy has a positive effect on Financial Performance. On the contrary, this research showed that Independent Commissioners and Investment Decisions can reduce financial performance. The research results also showed that the Audit Committee, Dividend Policy, Investment Decisions, and Financial Performance have positive effect on firm value. However, Independent Commissioners has no effect on firm value. The results of the sobel test showed that Dividend Policy can improve the company's Financial Performance, so it can improve firm value of consumer non-cyclical companies.

Investors’ Reaction: Exploring Supervisory Function and Corporate Tax Policy

Purpose: This study aims to analyze investor reactions to the supervisory function carried out by independent commissioners and audit committees, especially in supervising corporate tax policies taken by management. Theoretical framework: Corporate tax policy has the risk of tax penalties in the future and risks reducing investment returns in the future, so the role of independent commissioners and audit committees should be able to supervising management so that the tax policies taken do not harm investors. Method: 565 panel data from manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2022 were analyzed with a quantitative approach and multiple linear methods using STATA. Result: This study found that independent commissioners encourage management in tax burden minimization policies, while the audit committee is not optimal in carrying out its supervisory function over corporate tax management policies. In addition, investors react to the audit committee because it is considered capable of carrying out the supervisory function of management, while investors do not react to independent commissioners and corporate tax policies. Research, Practical & Social implications: The results of this study encourage entities to increase the role of independent commissioners in carrying out supervisory functions such as the audit committee in order to get a positive response from investors which can increase company value for sustainability business. Originality/value: In this study, corporate tax policy is measured by reducing the statutory tax rate with a tax compliance ratio that is rarely used in previous studies, resulting in how much corporate tax policy minimizes the tax expense.

FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI BEI

The goal of this study is to analyze the effect of profitability, solvability, independent commissioners, and institutional ownership on firm value in manufacturing companies that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018-2020. Sampel was chosen with purposive sampling method and 159 data was obtained. The data was analyzed with EViews Student Version 12 and Microsoft Excel 2018. This study used panel data regression analysis. After the data has been analyzed, the result shows that firm value has positive and significant effect from profitability, but at the same time firm value has no effect from solvability, institutional ownership, and independent commissioners. The implication of this study is the need of increase supervision from independent commissioners and institutional ownership also pay attention with used debt that company has.

Peran Kualitas Laba Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan: Komisaris Independen dan Kualitas Audit sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi

The company aspires to generate profits so that the firm value becomes high and shareholders can experience prosperity. In achieving this goal, investors typically rely on experienced individuals, such as a commissioner. Investors also tend to trust companies audited by the KAP. This research aims to test and analyze the quality of profits affecting the firm value as well as the audit quality and independent commissioners as a moderation variable. The application used to analyze the data in this study is Warpls 7.0. The population includes all property and real estate companies from 2020 to 2022, with purposive sampling yielding a sample of 122 data over three years. The implications of this research are achieving profits and increasing firm value, placing trust in commissioners, and recognizing the quality of financial reports audited by KAP. The results indicate that quality profits have a stimulating effect on a firm value. Independent commissioners cannot moderate the relationship between the quality of profits and firm value, while audit quality can moderate this relationship. Keywords: Independent Commissioners, Profits, Firm Value, Audit Quality

Unpacking sustainability reporting dimensions: the impact of board characteristics

Purpose This paper aims to document international evidence of the impact of a board-level governance bundle [size, independence, CEO duality, gender diversity and sustainability committee (SC)] on sustainability reporting (SR) and, separately, on its three dimensions (economic, environmental and social). Design/methodology/approach The sample includes 370 listed firms from 50 countries. A GRI standards-based disclosure index was constructed to quantify SR across various reporting media. Findings The baseline findings show that SC positively affects SR and its three dimensions. Board size also has a significant and positive impact on SR and two of its dimensions (economic and social). Similarly, board independence and CEO duality have a significant but negative association with SR and the same two dimensions. Finally, board gender diversity has no significant impact on SR and all its three dimensions. Practical implications The findings that only SC significantly influences SR, and its three dimensions, have important implications for corporate governance reforms internationally to improve SR in countries where such committees are not yet part of the board of directors’ sub-committees. Originality/value Overall, this study contributes to board characteristics–SR literature and holds significant theoretical and practical implications.

Good Corporate Governance and Firm Value before and after covid-19 Case Study of Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia

This study investigates the impact of independent commissioners, audit committees, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership on the firm value of Indonesian manufacturing companies, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a quantitative research design and associative research approach, our findings reveal a positive relationship between independent commissioners and firm value, supporting existing literature on the role of independent commissioners in enhancing corporate governance. Conversely, the analysis indicates a negative influence of audit committees on firm value, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to their formation to avoid undue restrictions on managerial autonomy. The examination of institutional and managerial ownership’s effects on firm value yields inconclusive results, suggesting the need for further exploration. Additionally, our study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firm value using a dummy variable and a t-test, revealing no significant change in values during the pandemic. The focus on the Indonesian manufacturing sector provides valuable context, suggesting potential sector-specific resilience to pandemic challenges. Overall, this research contributes nuanced insights into corporate governance dynamics and their resilience in the face of unprecedented global events.

The Influence of the Board of Commissioners, Management Compensation, and Independent Commissioners on Tax Management

This research aims to analyze the relationship between the board of commissioners, management compensation, and independent commissioners and tax management in companies. The research method used is an associative method by collecting data from public companies listed on the stock exchange. Statistical analysis was carried out using simple linear regression techniques to evaluate the relationship between the variables studied. The research results show that management compensation has a significant relationship with tax management practices, while the board of commissioners and independent commissioners also have a significant influence. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of corporate management and tax policy.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KINERJA KEUANGAN

This study was conducted with the aim of obtaining empirical evidence regarding the effect of liquidity, firm size, asset growth, managerial ownership, independent commissioners, and earnings management on the financial performance of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017 to 2020. Using the purposive method sampling so that the sample used is 40 manufacturing companies that have been selected and the data used for four years is 160 data. This study uses secondary data in the form of financial statements that are processed with Eviews 12 software. The results of this study indicate that liquidity, business size, managerial ownership, and independent commissioners have no negative effect on financial performance, while asset growth has a positive effect on financial performance and earnings management. does not have a positive effect on financial performance.

FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI MANAJEMEN LABA DENGAN MODERASI CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

This study aims to determine the effect of firm size, financial distress, and leverage on earnings management moderated by corporate governance. The sample used in this study was taken by purposive sampling method from companies listed on the IDX during 2018-2020. The data is secondary data and processed using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel 2019. Based on the criteria, 54 companies were selected that could be used as samples. The total number of data is 162 minus 40 outlier data so that the amount of data that can be used is 122 data and then tested with multiple linear regression analysis technique. Based on the research conducted, firm size and financial distress have a significant positive effect on earnings management, while leverage has no effect on earnings management. Corporate governance with independent commissioners as a proxy cannot moderate firm size and financial distress, but can moderate the relationship between leverage and earnings management.