Struggle For Independence Research Articles

The use music and dance in the struggle for independence in South Africa

The use music and dance in the struggle for independence in South Africa

THE WESTERN ARMENIAN PERIODICAL PRESS ABOUT THE 1846 POLISH LIBERATION STRUGGLE

In the 1840s, the Polish patriotic and secret societies began preparing for another struggle for independence and freedom. In 1846 in Krakow the Polish revolted and which drew the attention of the Armenian press. The Polish national liberation struggle did not escape the attention of the Armenian periodicals of the time. The newspapers ‘The Arshaluys Araratyan" and "Azgaser"newspapers of the Western Armenian national-conservative current directly referred to it. Based on the news received from the European press, these periodicals covered the struggle of the Polish from their ideological point of view. Current ideologues and periodicals advocated maintaining the existing political balance in Europe and did not encourage any revolt against the authorities. The Smyrn-Armenian newspaper ‗‘The Arshaluys Araratyan‘‘, while speaking about the Krakov rebellion in 1846, stated that they didn‘t encourage the struggle of the Polish, for the Austrian authorities didn‘t violate them. According to the newspaper the reason of it was non-consolidation of the Polish and never violation and pressure of the Austrian and Prussian authorities. The Indian-Armenian newspaper ―Azgaser‘‘ displayed its pro- Russian position on the Polish rebellion. According to the newspaper, not only the rebellion took place in 1830 but also the Krakov rebellion in 1846, caused a fair vengeance of the Russian Tsar. The Western Armenian periodicals understood that the Polish had rebelled to overthrow the foreign rule, but they did not praise their struggle

The theoretical aspect of accessibility in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine during communication with persons with mental disorders: analysis of foreign experience

The urgency of researching this topic is one of the most urgent for Ukrainian society and law enforcement agencies. At this stage, Ukraine is not only about the struggle for independence, for values, Ukraine is primarily about development and innovation. A fairly basic and fundamental vector or direction of the country for guaranteeing human and citizen rights, as well as ensuring a safe environment, has been established. Ratification and adoption of international acts in the field of human rights and freedoms is a step towards increasing the level of protection of citizens’ rights, first of all it shows the country’s responsibility and obligation to meet international standards. Quite often, during the performance of tasks of maintaining public order and fighting crime, police officers, in addition to establishing the facts of crimes, must carry out proper communication, especially with persons who have mental disorders, such as autism (ASD). It is quite interesting that the issue of autism in Ukraine is not new, but it is not sufficiently researched. Especially in the law enforcement system. This article is aimed at theoretical research and coverage of the problem of barrier-freeness in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine during communication with persons who have mental disorders. The work analyzes the foreign experience of the concept of autism in the context of police work and the peculiarities of interaction with persons with various mental disorders. The principles and methods of ensuring unimpeded access to police services and measures aimed at improving the effectiveness of communication with this category of persons are considered. This study aims to determine the optimal strategies of police interaction with persons with mental disorders in order to ensure safety and protect their rights. On the basis of theoretical research, practical recommendations will be offered regarding the training of police officers in the skills of communication and interaction with this audience in order to improve the quality of service to persons with mental disorders in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine.

Pendidikan Karakter Anak di Jenjang SMP

Santri participated in building this nation as lost in the history of his people. Joko Widodo set National Day of Santri as a form of appreciation, considering the struggle of scholars and former santri contribute to the struggle for independence. 22 October was decided as National Day of Santri taken from the event of jihad resolution Hadratussyaikh Hasyim Asyari where defend his legal homeland fardlu ain. The purpose of this research is to know the implications of National Santri on the development of Islamic education in Indonesia. This research is done by qualitative approach using descriptive method. Data collection techniques include interviews, documentation, and literature studies. The result of the research shows that National Saving Day has not seen significant impact considering National Sdri Day has been running for two years, in the course of National Day of Santri is expected to restore the existence of santri and known to the wider community which in turn fosters the spirit of nationalism. The existence of National Saving Day is expected santri and Muslims in general have a high spirit in filling independence.

Made in China: Chinese Re-Conceptualization of the Ideal of Judicial Independence (1906–1937)

Abstract Judicial independence has always been an important theme of China’s judicial reforms, both historically and in recent years. This article sheds light on how Chinese elites and intellectuals created a unique concept of judicial independence in the context of early twentieth-century China, seeking to trace the historical roots of the ongoing judicial reform in the People’s Republic. This uniqueness was characterized by three features: the heterogeneity within the Chinese conception of judicial independence, the reinterpretation of judicial independence into a tool for reinforcing China’s sovereignty, and the applauded control over courts and judges. These features resulted from the inherent tension within China’s pursuit of a modern state. By examining the early discourse and reform efforts, this paper not only highlights the historical struggles for judicial independence, but also, it contributes to understanding contemporary China’s distinctive path in judicial modernization, deviating from liberal constitutionalism.

Contribution of Islamic Figures in the Formulation of Pancasila

This research aims to analyze the contribution of Islamic figures in the formulation of Pancasila. This research is qualitative research using the library research model, historical approach, political approach, and figure study. The political approach referred to in this research is a paradigm review that adopts the thoughts of figures, namely the main figures in the research (KH. Agus Salim and KH Wahid Hasyim) and other nationalist groups, both religious and secular. Primary sources in this research refer to writings written by the figure who is the subject of the research, namely the writings of KH. Agus Salim and KH. Wahid Hasyim. The method used in this research is to collect information and review books, literature, notes, and various reports related to the problem at hand. The data analysis techniques used in this research consist of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research reveal that Pancasila is the foundational philosophy of the Republic of Indonesia, consisting of five principles that guide the nation. While Pancasila itself is not directly derived from Islamic teachings, some Islamic figures have played roles in the formulation and development of the philosophy, especially during Indonesia's struggle for independence. It's important to note that Pancasila aims to be inclusive and is not specific to any particular religious or ideological group. While Pancasila incorporates universal values, including social justice, democracy, and national unity, it has roots in Indonesia's cultural and religious diversity. The influence of Islamic figures during the formulation of Pancasila reflects the collaborative effort to create a philosophy that could serve as a unifying force for the newly independent nation. In conclusion, the contribution of Islamic figures in the formulation of Pancasila is a testament to the inclusive and collaborative spirit that prevailed during Indonesia's struggle for independence. The resulting philosophy seeks to accommodate the nation's religious and cultural diversity while promoting values of justice, unity, and social welfare. The efforts of these Islamic figures have helped shape Indonesia as a nation that values pluralism and tolerance.

The Declaration of Independence (1945) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and its Role in the Struggle for Independence of the People Worldwide

In the journey of fighting for the independence of people around the world, the Vietnamese people courageously stood up and fought against the invasion of the colonial French, which lasted more than 80 years, to regain independence for the nation through the general uprising in August 1945. On September 2, 1945, at Ba Dinh Square in Hanoi, in front of tens of thousands of compatriots nationwide, on behalf of the Provisional Revolutionary Government, President Ho Chi Minh read the Declaration of Independence, giving birth to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. With core values about national rights and human rights, the Declaration of Independence is the crystallization of the highest of these values for humanity and contains contemporary significance and a profound strategic vision. Using historical methods, comparative methods, and analytical methods, the article focuses on solving four issues: (1) clarify the historical context of the Declaration; (2) clarify the basic content of the Declaration of Independence; (3) evaluate and affirm the meaning and value of the Declaration in the process of fighting for the independence of people around the world; and (4) draw some conclusions about the research problems. Received: 30 March 2024 / Accepted: 30 June 2024 / Published: 02 July 2024

Socialist Tendencies in the South-South Cooperation: Typology of States, Independence and Development

ABSTRACT The article focuses on interactions and cooperation between peoples and countries of the Global South which are getting more relevant in the contemporary era. It analyses mainly socialist tendencies in the South-South cooperation by specifying three issues: a conceptual typology of states, and interrelated concepts of independence and development. It proceeds in the following sequence of steps. First, it explains the typology of states in the Global South, specifically by using the global comparative typology of socialist countries in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Second, it identifies the basic kinds of periods of the struggle for independence and the struggle for development since World War II to specify the cooperation conceptually in a chronological way. From perspectives of social and political philosophy and global studies, the article contributes to the understanding of cooperation in the contemporary multipolar and multilateral tendencies in the world.

Towards Freedom: A Critical Analysis of Sarojini Naidu’s Poem Coromandel Fishers

This paper takes a unique approach to the profound metaphors of the sea, fish, and fishermen in Sarojini Naidu’s poem ‘Coromandel Fishers’, which she masterfully uses to symbolise the Indian Independence movement. By meticulously dissecting the figurative language interwoven throughout the poem, the researcher unveils the poet’s spiritual and philosophical ideals, artfully blended with metaphor and myth. The analysis draws a compelling parallel between the fisherfolk and the art of fishing to the freedom fighters and the broader freedom movement, offering a fresh and thought provoking perspective that will stimulate new insights into India’s struggle for independence.

The Contrasting Footprint of Labour and Capital in Post‐colonial India

ABSTRACTIndia's struggle for independence held the promise of an end to poverty and redemption from the communal‐cum‐class‐based inequality which had kept the peasant economy backward. But the planned substitution of the agrarian‐rural fabric for an industrial‐urban way of life failed to materialize. Casualization and contractualization of waged work indicated that labour had become thoroughly commodified in a state of ongoing footlooseness. It was a proletarianization which did not allow for the collective action precondition to raise and settle the social question. The onslaught of neoliberal capitalism in the last quarter of the 20th century ended the brokerage of the nation state to secure the interests of labour next to those of capital. Less than 10 per cent of the workforce has continued to enjoy formalized occupational engagement, mainly in the downgraded public economy. Corporate capital in collusion with statist autocracy has not only effectuated the deregulation of employment but also abandoned the legal code of formality. The outcome is a state of lawlessness for the people at the bottom of the pile. Besides big business, politics and governance are identified in this reconfiguration as stakeholders in a brutal regime of informality, erosive of equality, democracy, welfare and civil rights.

Civic Education as Strategies to Strengthen the National Identity of Indonesian Students

This study explores comprehensive strategies to strengthen national identity among Indonesian students, addressing the crucial need for a cohesive national identity in Indonesia's ethnically and culturally diverse society. The research identifies and analyzes several key approaches, including curriculum development, extracurricular activities, cultural immersion programs, and the use of digital media, to foster a strong sense of national pride and unity. The integration of national history, civic education, and values into the school curriculum is highlighted as fundamental. By ensuring that students receive a thorough understanding of Indonesia's heritage, struggles for independence, and national achievements, educational institutions can instil a deep sense of belonging and responsibility towards the nation. Extracurricular activities, such as student organizations, sports, arts, and community service projects, are also emphasized for their role in providing experiential learning opportunities that reinforce national values and social cohesion. Cultural immersion programs are identified as another critical strategy. These programs, which include traditional arts, music, dance, and language preservation initiatives, allow students to engage with Indonesia's rich cultural tapestry, fostering appreciation and respect for the nation's diversity. Furthermore, the strategic use of digital media is examined as a modern approach to connecting students across different regions and promoting national narratives. Digital platforms can disseminate stories of national heroes, cultural heritage, and contemporary achievements, thereby enhancing students' collective national consciousness. The study underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach involving educational institutions, government policies, and community participation. It recommends that policymakers and educators collaborate to implement these strategies effectively, creating an environment that nurtures a strong, cohesive national identity among Indonesian youth. By doing so, the nation can build a resilient and unified future generation capable of contributing positively to Indonesia's development and stability.

Yurii Voronyi – a surgeon who was ahead of his time

The article outlines the historical milestones in the biography of the outstanding Ukrainian surgeon, Professor Yurii Voronyi, who was a disciple of Professor Yevhen Cherniakhivskyi. The study includes a compilation of historical records, archival sources, and other materials illustrating the life of Professor Voronyi. It highlights the professional and public achievements of Yurii Voronyi, particularly his participation in the struggle for Ukrainian independence between 1917 and 1921.

A Reflection of Women's Empowerment, a Reflection of the Struggle for Independence

'If mothers do not come along, I will not be able to liberate the country even after trying for a hundred years.' - Mahatma Mandhi “Who gives head by donating body's blood. Which kisses the noose of Fossi without giving dust to the country. We bow to such immortal women a hundred times.” Women have been involved in India's freedom struggle. The main beginning of the movement for special contribution to independence begins in 1857 in the house of Sheti Lakshmibai. In slave India, a woman queen had lit this fire and she was martyred while fighting with immense courage and bravery. It was here that the spirit of Britain was shaken and Indians were inspired to rise against the British.

Anthropological Dimension of Wartime Ecocide: Ecofeminist Methodological Assessments

Purpose. The authors aim to disclose the anthropological dimension of ecocide during and after Russia’s war against Ukraine, relying on the multidisciplinary practices and intellectual production of ecofeminist women thinkers, including philosophers, sociologists, historians, psychologists, and others. The theoretical basis methodological approaches in philosophical anthropology, phenomenology, analytical philosophy, communicative philosophy, existentialism, ethics of justice, and ethics of care determine the study’s theoretical basis. Originality. For the first time, a systematic analysis of the anthropological dimension of ecocide has been carried out based on ecofeminist methodology. The specifics of the Ukrainian resistance to ecocide were revealed as part of a single struggle – an anti-imperial and ecological struggle for independence and prosperity. It is emphasized that during the war, the opposition to ecocide is a component of the fight for national sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, and therefore, the ideas of pacifism in this period are subordinated to this primary goal. After the war, preventing threats of ecocide should become an integral part of the struggle for stable peace and prosperity. Ecofeminist pacifist perspectives should be a priority among the most essential goals for that period. Conclusions. Ecofeminist methodological assessments offer valuable insights into the anthropological dimension of ecocide in wartime and post-war contexts, highlighting the complex interplay between gender, violence, and environmental destruction. By focusing on the experiences and perspectives of women and marginalized communities, ecofeminist analyses contribute to a more holistic understanding of ecocide and its impacts on both human populations and ecosystems.

Research on the Linguistic Landscape of Memorial of Northeast China Revolutionary Martyrs

The use of language in red education bases is an important part of linguistic landscape research. The red education bases in Harbin not only represent the local revolutionary history and spirit, but also are important symbols of the Chinese people's struggle for national independence and people's liberation. Taking Memorial of Northeast China Revolutionary Martyrs as an example, the paper uses qualitative and quantitative analyses to examine the use of the linguistic landscape of the red educational bases in Harbin City from the perspectives of code types and combinations, dominant codes, and functional classifications, and to point out the various problems and their coping strategies, with a view to better understanding and grasping the current situation of the history and inheritance of the red culture in Harbin, providing theoretical support for the subsequent protection and inheritance, promoting the overall red culture in China, and providing a better understanding of the history and inheritance of the red culture in Harbin. In order to better understand and grasp the history and inheritance status of Harbin red culture, provide theoretical support for the subsequent protection and inheritance work, and promote the overall inheritance and development of Chinese red culture.

THE IDEA OF ALASH AND CENSORSHIP

The article examines the censorship policy of the Soviet government, which strictly prohibited the propaganda of the idea of Alash. Chronicle data and the creative heritage of Alash figures, as well as archival materials of the Semipalatinsk Museum of Local Lore and the archive fund of East Kazakhstan Region (now Abai region) were used as the object of research. Historical data and narrative data were analyzed on the basis of mutual historical-comparative and comparative approaches to research, evidence of hypothetical conclusions was revealed by the method of biographical parallel and content analysis (quantitative, qualitative). As a result of the study, it was determined that the main cause of various movements and uprisings, considered colonial policy and the struggle for independence, is the struggle for the idea, and the definition of the idea of Alash is given. In addition, methods of underground, secret or disguised ideological work against the censorship mechanism, which tightly controlled the propaganda work of the idea of Alash, were revealed.

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF MK GANDHI: EXPLORING EQUITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

This article investigates MK Gandhi’s philosophical odyssey, delineating the convergence of his ideologies with a focus on equity and social justice. It scrutinizes the transformative trajectory of Gandhi's beliefs, charting their evolution from his formative years in South Africa to his leadership during India's struggle for independence. The analysis encompasses Gandhi's commitment to nonviolent resistance as a means to foster equity and social justice, examining the amalgamation of these principles in his advocacy for societal change. Additionally, this article explores the contemporary relevance of Gandhi's philosophical evolution, illuminating its influence on current discourses surrounding equity and social justice. It examines Gandhi's steadfast commitment to equity and social justice, tracing the development of his principles and their application in his strategies of nonviolent resistance. This paper scrutinizes the pivotal role of Gandhi’s philosophical evolution in shaping movements for equality and social justice worldwide, elucidating the enduring relevance and impact of his teachings in contemporary societal frameworks. By dissecting Gandhi’s philosophical journey, this article aims to provide insights into the enduring impact of his principles on fostering a more just and equitable society.

Shaping Modern Egypt: A Captivating Tale Of History and Political Transformation

Purpose: This article examines Egypt's transformation from an Ottoman province to a modern state, starting with Napoleon Bonaparte's 1798 incursion and the modernization efforts of Mehmet Ali Pasha. It covers key historical periods, including the monarchy, the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936, and the Cold War and post-Cold War era. Method: Using a historical-analytical approach, the study explores the eras of Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat, and Hosni Mubarak. It highlights Nasser's socialist policies and ties with the Soviet Union, Sadat's economic liberalization and the Camp David Accords, and Mubarak's economic reforms and political repression leading to the 2011 Arab Spring. Conclusion: The article critically analyzes Egypt's struggle for independence, democratic governance, and socio-economic development. It emphasizes the need for strengthening democratic institutions, diversifying the economy, enhancing education and healthcare, and promoting political inclusivity. Implication of the Research: The research offers recommendations to help Egypt build on its historical legacy and ensure a prosperous, democratic, and stable future, addressing key socio-political challenges. Originality of the Research: This article provides a nuanced historical account and analysis of Egypt's political evolution, integrating modernization and dependency theories, and offers valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners interested in Middle Eastern politics and development.

Studies On Spiritual Values Affecting The National Struggle

The Turkish War of Independence, in a critical phase of Turkish history, was fought between the oppressors and the oppressed, under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the savior of the Turkish nation, who wanted to be oppressed and enslaved, to many oppressed nations with their own unique aspects, who would later follow the path of freedom and independence. , is the war of freedom and independence, which presented a third alternative example and showed the way to rebel against the oppressors. As a matter of fact, the most valuable work of the national struggle waged by the Turkish nation with the spirit of unity and solidarity throughout history is undoubtedly the Republic of Turkey. Until now, numerous studies have been conducted on the Turkish War of Independence and the guiding leader of this War, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. These studies can be classified in different ways. For example, in some cases, emotional elements predominate, while in others, there are issues that drag the event completely or partially into the same direction. While some of them can be considered insufficient in terms of resources, others have to be overcome with new studies due to the various sources and information that have emerged over the years. In this study, the problems that arose during the War of Independence and the situation of the Turkish people in their struggle for independence are discussed.

A Study of the August Revolution of 1945 and its Impact on Colonial French and Japanese Rule in Vietnam

The August Revolution of 1945 posed a significant challenge to colonial French and Japanese rule in Vietnam. This paper aims to examine the extent of this challenge and its impact on the dynamics of power in the region. Through an analysis of historical events and primary sources, the paper seeks to shed light on the revolutionary forces at play and their role in shaping the trajectory of Vietnam's struggle for independence. The August Revolution of 1945 challenged French and Japanese colonial rule through long-term planning, internal support, OSS influence, and the establishment of an independent government by the Viet Minh guerrilla troops. The Vietnamese people took advantage of the power vacuum left by the Japanese coup d'état against French officials in Indochina. This, combined with the determination and anticolonial spirit of the Vietnamese people, led to the success of the August Revolution. The Viet Minh further consolidated their power by garnering support from the rural population and receiving military aid and training from the United States OSS.