Creation Of Pakistan Research Articles

Services of Radio Pakistan in the Promotion of Urdu Language & Literature

Radio is one of the most amazing and effective inventions of the last century. Radio Pakistan came into being with the independence of Pakistan in 1947. From the very beginning, Radio Pakistan made many efforts for the promotion and development of Urdu language, consciously and unconsciously. Urdu programs were started from Radio Pakistan to acquaint people with Urdu language. Later, Urdu experts were hired to correct the accent and pronunciation of Urdu language. The services of Radio Pakistan are very important in popularizing Urdu poetry through music. Drama is an important genre of literature and radio played an important role in bringing and popularizing Urdu drama to the masses. Many radio dramas of Radio Pakistan were later published in book form and proved to be an important addition to Urdu literature. Another important service of Radio Pakistan in relation to the promotion of Urdu language and literature is the publication of the Urdu radio magazine "Ahang". "Ahang" is the only Urdu magazine of Pakistan which has been continuously published since 1948. In short, services of Radio Pakistan for the promotion of Urdu language and literature have been assessed thoroughly.

New Father a Male Ally-ship in Women's Movement: Effects of Digital Feminism in Reshaping Patriarchal Behaviour

The study examines the involvement of men in the women's movement in Pakistan, which is a patriarchal society. The interviews with progressive men and women, who are actively engaged in the feminist movement in Pakistan reveal the changing dynamics of family structure in Pakistan, and discussed the emerging role of the liberal father as male allyship in women's emancipation and eliminating gender inequalities. The study discusses the effects of digital feminism in Pakistan in involving men in the women's movement as bridging social capital, producing responsible behavior among men, and challenging patriarchy through new fathers. In a patriarchal society, where the dominancy of the father is blindly followed, digital feminism is now altering the father's rule into male allies, producing a concept of new a father, which is challenging the patriarchal notions of masculinity and hegemony. The new father is a symbol of a new dominant figure, who is responsible and transforming the domestic patriarchy, to maintain equality at home and would bring change to the social structure at large.

Pakistan-Poland Economic Relations and Regional Connectivity: Challenges and Opportunities

Pak-Poland relations have pre-partition history when in 1944, Nazi Germany attacked the USSR, and almost thirty thousand Polish refugees were settled in Karachi. In 1947, after the Independence of Pakistan, Poland helped Pakistan establish its air force and space program. Its officers participated in Indo-Pakistan war of 1965. The trade relations between the countries flourished during this era but our relations reached a new height when Poland became a democratic republic in 1989, joined NATO in 1999, and became a member of the European Union in 2004. Polish support for Pakistan to get GSP Plus status in the EU and President Musharraf's first-ever visit as a head of state propelled their bilateral trade to €500 million in 2018. Both countries have the potential to increase trade in the fields of oil & gas, maritime, energy, technology, infrastructure and tourism, but both should increase regional connectivity. The strategic location of both countries can provide them with a unique opportunity to increase regional connectivity. However, initially, both have to ensure the availability of direct air connectivity, people-to-people contacts, accessibility of easy visas, and smooth immigration policies. The future of their bilateral relations depends upon how both countries will find the solution to the prevailing issues and what actions will both take to facilitate greater trade and connectivity.

حقوق نسواں کی عصری تحریکیں اور ان کے مقاصد کا ناقدانہ جائزہ

The Progressive Feminists think that all human are equal, the up and down of classes is harmful for Humanity, and Women cannot enjoy freedom in the Capitalism. End of exploiter and oppressions against women, their equal rights as humans, equal chances for education and to make ideology in Philosophy are the main objectives of World Feminist Movements. To perform their duties and gain the rights as the teaching s of Islam are the objectives of faithful women in Muslims. There are also many types of Feminist Movements in Pakistan. Some movements have the objectives of women’s empowerment through politics and legislations. These movements are struggling for women’s equal rights in the society. Most of them want Secularism to ensure their objectives. The implement of Islamic teachings is the objective of such women who have the Islamic background. Muslim women should be aware that the objectives of the Western Feminist Movement are leading to Antichrist. To obey the West is the loss of this life and the next life after death, as it is foretold by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It is a narrative research about the worldwide Feminist movements and in Pakistan and about their objectives. The objectives of contemporary Feminist movements are analyzed and criticized in this article.

Socio-Cultural Development in Mankera (1900-2000)

Mankera, district Bhakkar, Pakistan is situated in the centre of the greater Thal desert between the Indus and Chenab Jhelum rivers. Mankera had been a subordinate state and a buffer zone between the Delhi dynasty and Kabul dynasty for many centuries. Mankera has a glorious and historical culture in the form of forts, tombs, buildings and wells etc. The joint mode of life of the Hindu, Muslim and Sikh populations of this region created unique and correspondent colours of society. A historical research approach has been applied to study the socio-cultural development of the region.After the creation of Pakistan, the migration of Muslims from India and non-Muslims from Pakistan changed the demography and created a new pattern of culture and society. After mixing native and migrant cultures, a new merged society came into being. Now the culture and society of Mankera has being developed in a new pattern which is peaceful and tolerant.

PITFALLS IN THE DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION IN PAKISTAN

Arbitration is a well-known and increasingly popular alternative dispute resolution method. It is a safe, cost-effective, and time-efficient alternative dispute resolution method. The arbitration system saves both parties time and money by avoiding lengthy legal proceedings. In the Indian subcontinent, arbitration has been practised for many years under the name "Panchayat." Even in the absence of a legal system, the Panchayat served to settle conflicts. In these panchayats, decisions were made in accordance with ethical standards, cultural norms, and religious principles, and the decisions made by the panchayat were respected and held in high regard. (Kumar, 2017) During the British Raj (1858–1947), the Panchayat system underwent a period of decline. The British legalized local arbitration and replaced it with a codified system of law. (Hussain & Arafat, 2022) They enacted numerous regulations, leading to the enactment of the Arbitration Act of 1940, which governs arbitration in Pakistan. Following Pakistan's independence in 1947, the Panchayat system was reinstated and is still widely used in rural areas, where it is carried out in accordance with cultural norms and usages. There are no provisions in the 1940 Act regarding the Panchayat system, and its amendment has the potential to harmonise the country's arbitration system. (Mukhtar. 2016) Pakistan introduced international arbitration by signing and later implementing the New York Convention in 1958 by enacting the Recognition and Enforcement (Arbitration Agreements and Foreign Arbitral Awards) Act and the Arbitration (International Investment Dispute) Act in 2011. Although Pakistan has signed the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, it has not yet been incorporated into domestic law. A stable and comprehensive system of international arbitration has become a necessity at the current time to attract foreign investors and other stakeholders to the country. However, Pakistan needs to improve in many areas of international arbitration, particularly in the enforcement and recognition of foreign awards and lex arbitri. (Rizwan Hussain, 2012) These challenges are explained in this essay using case laws.

A SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF REFUGEES’ RESPONSE FRAMEWORK IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan was born with many concomitant rudimentary problems and a refugee crisis was among foremost of them. This article examines the socio-legal response of Pakistan for the settlement of the refugee crises. Pakistan accepts refugee as fait accompli. Pakistan has a long and complex history with refugees, encompassing various waves of displacement and the challenges associated with hosting large numbers of people fleeing conflict or persecution. This includes the migration of refugees during Pakistan's independence in 1947, the influx of Kashmiri refugees during the 1948, 1965, and 1971 wars between Pakistan and India, and the 1990s insurgency in Indian-held Kashmir, and the prolonged presence of Afghan refugees in Pakistan since the 1970s. In addition, Pakistan was held responsible for producing refugees in 1971 when Bangladesh came into existence. The research adopted qualitative method to examine existing material available on the topic. The International legal framework for refugee protection is also taken into account. After thorough analysis research indicates that Pakistan does not lag anywhere in the hierarchy of nations to safeguard critical human rights including the rights of refugees

Bank size and efficiency in Pakistan: Interdependency of market power and economies of scale

Purpose: The key objectives of the study are to investigate whether increased bank size is essential for banking efficiency in Pakistan, further, to explore the influence of market power or economies of scale on size–efficiency relationship. Design/Methodology/Approach: The dynamic two-step system GMM approach is applied on bank-level data of a panel set of 31 commercial banks of Pakistan, over the period 2006 to 2022. For robustness, the selected period is further divided into three time spans, 2006–2010, 2011–2019, and 2019–2022, and to explore size-efficiency association among different size categories, the entire data is divided into two groups. Findings: The study reveals two key outcomes. First, size is a c ore variable in describing efficiency movement in Pakistan as a significant positive relationship is evinced between bank size and net interest margin in both groups even in the period of COVID-19. Second, both market power and economies of scale strongly influence size–efficiency relationship. However, the impact of these variables is insignificant for medium and small banks. Further, all bank-specific and macroeconomic variables are significantly allied with banking efficiency. Originality: The study is premiered to examine the bank size–efficiency relationship in the light of market power and economies of scale for the banking sector of Pakistan. The originality of this research is the deep examination of bank size–efficiency relationship with two effectual macroeconomic variables. Research Implications: The core policy implication is that size is a fundamental factor while market power and economies of scale are driving forces of size–efficiency association in Pakistan.

Discourse Analysis of Pakistani Media Coverage During “Aurat March” 2022: A Feminist Approach

The purpose of this study is to investigate and examine the image and representation of women in the Pakistani media, focusing on prejudice, portrayal, and their roles within society. Despite the emergence of modern feminism and social progress, Pakistani women continue to face oppression. Recognizing the influential power of the media, this research aims to examine its potential to bring about social change when approached with sincerity, as it possesses the ability to shape public opinions and attitudes. To accomplish this, a qualitative research approach has been adopted. The study involves the collection and analysis of data from specific talk shows aired on various news channels within the Pakistani media landscape. By focusing on these talk shows, the research seeks to explore the media's role in presenting and discussing key aspects of the Aurat March, a women's rights movement in Pakistan. The results show that the problem arises from the misunderstood discourse related to the movement. Oftentimes, it was related to culturally insensitive content about aurat march by media covering the other side of the slogan which further fueled the controversial religious rhetoric of the nation. This fenomenon implies that media platforms can either perpetuate or challenge prevailing prejudices and stereotypes.

From Colonial to Postcolonial

Bangladesh emerged as an independent nation-state in 1971, but the origin of Bangla poetry of Bangladesh lies in the partition of India in 1947 when Bangla poetry diverged from its thousand-year-old history to form a separate poetic stream as the Bangla poetry of East Bengal. The creation of Pakistan by partitioning India resulted in the partition of Bengal, where Muslim-dominated East Bengal, today’s Bangladesh, became a part of the newly created state of Pakistan. Although the official march of Pakistan began in 1947, the signs of new Bangla poetry of an emerging nation became visible at the beginning of the 1940s, particularly by Bengali Muslim poets. I call these poets “the poets of transition”, as they not only experienced British colonial rule but also witnessed its end. These poets led Bangla poetry in a new direction in East Bengal in the post-partition period. They gave expression to the complex experience of transition from a colonial to a postcolonial existence. Their poetry bears the mark of colonization on the one hand, and, on the other, reflects the experience of postcolonial reality. In this essay, I argue that this poetry, written in Bangla vernacular, bears the essential characteristics of what is known as “postcolonial poetry”.

Nawab Bahadur Yar Jang: A Catalyst in the Formation of Pakistan

Nawab Bahadur Yar Jang was a prominent leader in the freedom movement in the State of Hyderabad, playing a significant role in the socio-political activities of his time. He is remembered for his inspiring speeches, delivered with fiery oratory skills in Urdu, that captured the attention of millions of people at the local and national level. During his 39 years of service to the nation from 1905–1944, he formed socio-political organizations to safeguard the interests of his community, including the State Muslim League, which protected the political rights of Muslims in the state of Hyderabad. Jang not only projected the demands of Muslims through this organization, but also played a pivotal role in carrying the message of the Muslim League to other states. Jang's dynamic role in generating political awakening and uniting the States Muslims under the platform of the Muslim League was crucial in cultivating social and political consciousness, which paved the way for the creation of Pakistan. This paper focuses on his invaluable services in cultivating the social and political consciousness of States Muslims, bringing success to the Muslim League in the Northwest Front. As far as the methodology of the present study is concerned, it is based on quantitative historical-descriptive approach. Various sources have been consulted for the present study including primary and secondary sources.

Ethnic mobilization and national integration: Dissecting the contours of Saraiki province movement in Pakistan

The movement for a Saraiki province in the South Punjab region of Pakistan has gained momentum in recent years. The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf government promised during the election campaign to establish a South Punjab province along administrative lines. However, the Saraiki ethno-nationalists have demanded the establishment of the province along ethnic lines. The government fears this would challenge national integration by dividing the nation along ethnic lines. This study seeks to analyze the general sentiments of the people of South Punjab, where Saraikis form a majority, in order to explore whether the public sentiment resonates with the ethno-nationalist parties and factors behind the demand for a separate province. This study is conducted using quantitative methodology. Cross-sectional survey is used as a research tool for data collection, and SPSS is used for data analysis. Results show that mass sentiment does not support ethno-national federalism. Ethnic identity is not a significant factor in the demands for political autonomy.

Brain drain of healthcare professionals from Pakistan from 1971 to 2022: Evidence-based analysis.

Since the creation of Pakistan in August 1947, political instability has been a persistent issue in the country, causing a migration of highly qualified, skilled people, and healthcare professionals. From 1971 to 2022 the total number of highly qualified and skilled people including healthcare professionals who migrated from the country is 60,19,888. Among them, 251677 (4.18%), were highly qualified, 455097 (7.55%) were highly skilled, and 5313114 (88.27%) were skilled professionals. Moreover, 50110 (0.83%) were healthcare professionals including doctors 31418 (62.69%), nurses 12853 (25.64%), and pharmacists 5839 (11.65%). The unsustainable political environment, lack of advanced technology-based institutes, poor healthcare infrastructure, low job opportunities and salary benefits in Pakistan caused the brain drain of highly qualified people including healthcare professionals. It adversely affected the academic institutes, the healthcare system, socio-economic growth, research productivity, and the development of the nation. The government of Pakistan must establish sustainable policies to minimize the brain drain of highly qualified people, and healthcare professionals, and recuperate the prosperity of their academic institutes and healthcare system for better healthcare services, and the advancement and sustainable development of the nation.

Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman as An Alliance Maker: A Case Study of Pakistan Democratic Movement

Pakistan has a history of opposition alliances. Purpose of this article is to evaluate the role of Pakistan Democratic Movement in Pakistan. Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehmanis the president of the Pakistan Democratic Movement and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam. On September 20, 2020, the PDM was established. The coalition was formed from 11 political parties. Slogan of PDM was to respect the sanctity of the vote. In 2022, the PDM formed a government under the leadership of opposition leader Shehbaz Sharif after successfully ousting Khan in a no-confidence resolution on April 10th.Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehmanannounces 12-Point Charter of Pakistan. In addition, Rehman said that Khan was backed by Jewish lobby, agent ofQadianes, Jews, and Americans. Protests against inflation were announced by the PDM.Under the leadership of the PDM, Pakistan was able to successfully remove itself from the FATF grey list. The administration of the PTI did not assume political ownership of the CPEC project in the same way that previous governments led by the PML-N had done so. The government of PDM is the responsible for historic economic woes.

The Lawyers’ Movement in Pakistan: how legal actors mobilise in a hybrid regime

AbstractDrawing primarily from qualitative interviews conducted between 2017 and 2018, this empirical study tells a granular story of how legal actors mobilised during the Lawyers’ Movement in Pakistan (2007–2009) from the perspective of lawyer-leaders who organised, steered and sustained support for the Movement through rapidly shifting political conditions. By underscoring the contribution of lawyer-leaders in empowering judges, the article seeks both to displace uncritical assumptions and arguments about courts as the nucleus of legal mobilisation in Pakistan, and to highlight the crucial role of political parties in the restoration of the judiciary against the backdrop of disintegrating lawyer-judge coalitions. Given Pakistan’s political context of a ‘hybrid regime’, the article reflects on the unsuitability of the ‘legal complex’ theory of ‘political liberalism’ for analysing and understanding the Movement, and locates it instead in the literature on legal mobilisation in authoritarian regimes.

Orating Origins: the Formation of Pakistan in Contemporary Urdu Shi’i Khitabat in Karachi

AbstractUrdu-speaking Shiʿa khatibs (orators) in Karachi regularly speak on the origins of Pakistan, seeking to recuperate Shiʿi contributions to the foundation of the nation-state. In this article, I argue that such claims do not resist, subvert, or undermine statist historical narratives. Instead, the claims mimic, in structure and teleology, the very statist historical narratives that they attempt to challenge. I draw upon twenty months of ethnographic fieldwork in Karachi and demonstrate how thoroughly circumscribed such claims are. I read this minority rhetoric as an attempt to appropriate the majoritarian discourse, rather than as an attempt to challenge the dominant historiography of the origins of Pakistan. I turn to the domain of Shiʿi khitabat (oratory), a ubiquitous and public performance, and identify the important role played by such mass and physical gatherings in the articulation of historical claims. My works emerges from, and contributes back to, scholarship on South Asian Shiʿism, oratory, and the public sphere.

DILKASH-20: A NEWLY APPROVED WHEAT VARIETY RECOMMENDED FOR PUNJAB, PAKISTAN, WITH SUPREME YIELDING POTENTIAL AND DISEASE RESISTANCE

Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Faisalabad, Pakistan, a premier foundational birthplace of the Green revolution in Pakistan, has played a vital role in attaining food self-sufficiency. Latest grown varieties have succumbed to ever-changing pathogens, unable to stand in the fields. Hence, the initiative to develop an indigenous type to withstand high disease pressure producing better grain yield transpired during 2008–2009, with the hybridization of Dilkash-20 (WBLL*2/4/SNI/TRAP#1/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ/5/ PB.96//LU26/HD2179). It proceeded with segregating generations from F2 to F7 from 2009 to 2016. During 2016–2017 and 2017–2018, its testing followed at station yield trials, including Preliminary (A) and Regular (B), under code V-16005. It produced a significantly higher yield (10.86% and 10.40%) than the check varieties (Faisalabad-08 [FSD-08] and Punjab-11 [PB-11]). In provincial trials, it out-yielded a check variety by 4.06%. Testing in national yield trials, line V-16005 produced 17.40% and 12.03% higher grain yield than check cultivars during 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, respectively. It yielded better when planted on the first 10 days of November with a 100 kg ha-1 seed rate and 120:90:60 NPK (kg ha-1) fertilizer rate. The Dilkash-20 variety is a medium-height (105–115 cm), semi-erect producing 425 tillers per m2, with 119 days to heading and 145–150 days to maturity. It is of excellent quality, with protein (15.1%), starch (52.7%), gluten (28.7%), and test weight (72.1 kg hl-1), highly suitable for chapatti making. It has an effectual, durable resistance against brown and yellow rusts based on adult plant resistance genes. Therefore, the Punjab Seed Council approved Dilkash-20 for general cultivation throughout the irrigated areas of Punjab.

Role of Social Media in Securitization of Baloch Conflict

Social media has revolutionized politics and transformed the conflict into new trends. This transformation does not necessarily mean that the conflict loses or gains its effectiveness rather an individualistic aspect comes into play. Baloch conflict is a pivotal issue facing Pakistan since its inception that has played a crucial role in determining its geopolitical strategy. Baloch conflict has been ignited and extinguished many times since independence of Pakistan, they have tried different tactics such as insurgency in the past, going for guerilla warfare. Recently 5th generation warfare has been employed and social media has been utilized as a platform for propagation of message. This is due to the fact that Baloch conflict is absent from mainstream media and social media, because of its freedom of speech, is filling its shoes. Even though social media has offered a space for genuine grievances, it has also provided the opportunity to insurgents and anti-state actors to spread misinformation. Its dual role of access and manipulation makes it a stage of polarization that needs to be addressed instead of being ignored. This study explores the securitization of social media as a platform and how much social media has transformed narrative and information trends about Baloch conflict and how people respond to them.

The Feminist Urdu Poem And Feminism After The Creation Of Pakistan

Urdu women poets are categorized as per the different strands of feminism and forms of women’ consciousness, the notion of sisterhood and the feminist methodology of consciousness raising in the poetry of women.Urdu poets have been explored. In Urdu Poetry here is countless prominent name (i.e Ada Jafri, Zahra Nigah, Sara Saghufta, Parveen Shakir, Fehmeda Riaz and Kishwar Naheed) among the female writers who are flag bearer of feminism and their poems offer a new metaphors and symbols borrowing from feminist thought and a hybrid Islamicate culture.

Academic And Literary Services Of Daim Iqbal Daim "A Research Review"

This study highlighted the literary and poetry efforts of Daim Iqbal Daim. He spotted the love for his fields, hills, and plains in his poetry. He blended the traditions with new culture showing passion for patriotism and nationalism. Daim poetry consisted of Naat verses in all aspects with humbleness. Daim writings are in Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi and Persian on progressiveness with emphasizing on national, religious and ethical values. He also contributed in Naat, Manqabat and Karbala Nama. Daim translated the Persian writings into Punjabi and Urdu. His efforts and also in islamic preaching as well as efforts in Pakistan Movement. Daim Iqbal wrote on multifaceted in poetry including Naat, Poem, Ghazal, Songs, Kafi, C-Harfi, Translation, Elegy and storytelling.