Independence Of New Spain Research Articles

Americanos: Latin America’s Struggle for Independence

Americanos: Latin America’s Struggle for Independence

The Clergy and the Independence of New Spain

T HE ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE of the clergy in the movement for Mexican independence presents many difficulties. Clerics were to be found on both sides of the conflict, engaging in activities that ranged from violence and bloodshed, through preaching and sermonizing, to simple expressions of sympathy. Many took no part whatever, but, long accustomed as they were to submission to authority, accepted the regime in power, whether it were Liberal or Conservative, patriot or royalist. Probably a majority were untouched or unmoved since the violent manifestations of the revolt in fact involved only a small part of the vice-royalty. Before proceeding to a consideration of the respective roles of loyal and insurgent clergy, it is important to understand the organization and composition of the church in New Spain in the closing years of the colonial era. The ecclesiastical government of the viceroyalty consisted of one archdiocese, that of Mexico, and eight suffragan sees. The bishops, the members of the cathedral chapters, the officers of the Inquisition, and the heads of the religious orders and institutions formed the upper clergy. These men, for the most part, were peninsular Spaniards, many of whom never saw the country in which they were to hold such important positions, until they were sent out to enjoy its richest benefices.' The lower clergy, mostly creoles and mestizos,2 were regarded as social inferiors by their clerical superiors. They generally lacked the training and culture of the latter and were, on the whole, subject to local influences and prejudices. Furthermore, they shared in all the disadvantages of their creole countrymen through the jealous policy of the mother country exercised through the Pa* The author is an instructor in the department of history, Niagara University, New York. 1 H. G. Ward, Mexico in 1827 (2 vols., London, 1828), I, 321-322. 2 A. de Humboldt (Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain, John Black trans. [2 vols., London, 1811], I, 229-230) estimates the number of the lower clergy at about ten thousand, equally divided between regulars and seculars.

The Clergy and the Independence of New Spain

The Clergy and the Independence of New Spain

The Costumbrismo of the Pensador Mexicano and Micrós

T HE Pensador Mexicano and Micr6s with their sketches of human types and characteristic scenes make evident the factors of strength and interest inherent in costumbrismo as a literary medium. Fernandez de Lizardi brings into focus the manner of living in all parts of the land with his Periquillo Sarniento1 and other writings.2 Lizardi, who took an active part in the struggle for the independence of New Spain in 1810, and whose spirit of realistic interpretation was as profound as his apostolic zeal, gives us a true picture of the sprawling, teeming, swarming people of Mexico.3 Angel de Campo concerns himself with delineations of the types of the populace of Mexico City, which in the eighteen nineties, was passing from the status of a somewhat provincial capital to that of a more cosmopolitan center. The Semanas Alegres,4 Cartones,5 Cosas vistas,6 and Ocios y apuntes7 of Angel de Campo mirror faithfully, though not without their touches of satire, public and private aspects of society in changing Mexico City, and remain of permanent value for one who would study political, social and literary activities in the heart of Mexican national life of the time.

Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain: An Introduction to the War for Independence.

Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain: An Introduction to the War for Independence.

Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain: An Introduction to the War for Independence

Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain: An Introduction to the War for Independence

Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain. An Introduction to the War for Independence.

Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain. An Introduction to the War for Independence.

Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain. An Introduction to the War for Independence

Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain. An Introduction to the War for Independence

Foreign interest in the independence of New Spain: an introduction to the war for independence. John Rydjord

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsForeign interest in the independence of New Spain: an introduction to the war for independence. John Rydjord Arthur P. WhitakerArthur P. Whitaker Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 8, Number 1Mar., 1936 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/468422 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1936 The University of Chicago PressPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Review: Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain. An Introduction to the War for Independence, by John Rydjord

Book Review| December 01 1935 Review: Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain. An Introduction to the War for Independence, by John Rydjord Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain. An Introduction to the War for IndependenceJohn Rydjord Herbert I. Priestley Herbert I. Priestley Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1935) 4 (4): 394–395. https://doi.org/10.2307/3634050 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Herbert I. Priestley; Review: Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain. An Introduction to the War for Independence, by John Rydjord. Pacific Historical Review 1 December 1935; 4 (4): 394–395. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3634050 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1935 The Arthur H. Clark Company Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.