Indonesian Independence Research Articles

Analisis Sentimen Berbasis Transformer: Persepsi Publik terhadap Nusantara pada Perayaan Kemerdekaan Indonesia yang Pertama

The inaugural Indonesian Independence Day celebration in the new capital, Nusantara, marked a historic milestone. This study analyzes public sentiment toward this event using the IndoBERT model. Data was collected from Twitter during the celebration period and classified into positive, negative, and neutral sentiments. Three main approaches were employed: IndoBERT as a baseline, IndoBERT fine-tuned with IndoNLU data, and IndoBERT applied to TextBlob-labeled data. Results indicate that the TextBlob-IndoBERT model outperforms the others, effectively processing informal Indonesian text with high accuracy. These findings provide strategic insights for the government in understanding public perception regarding the development of Nusantara and demonstrate the potential of Transformer-based sentiment analysis for the Indonesian language. The study recommends further exploration of factors influencing sentiment and analysis on other social media platforms.

Pendidikan Masa Pendudukan Jepang: Studi pada Pendidikan Militer Pasukan Pembela Tanah Air

This study aims to analyze the impact of the military education policy implemented by Japan. Although intended to support their war efforts, this policy successfully ignited a spirit of nationalism and became a crucial factor in Indonesia’s struggle for independence. This research employs the historical research method. The data analysis process involves several steps: heuristics, historical criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results indicate that the military education applied in Indonesia aimed to support Japan’s war efforts. However, this policy inadvertently sparked a sense of nationalism among Indonesian youth, leading to a strengthened movement for Indonesian independence. The formation of the Pasukan Pembela Tanah Air (PETA) was one significant policy that provided military training to Indonesian youth, who eventually became the backbone of the independence struggle. The strict educational practices of the Japanese successfully forged strong character and a spirit of resistance among the youth.

THE FORGOTTEN LIONESS: RASIMAH ISMAIL, MINANGKABAU WOMAN AGAINST DUTCH COLONIALISM IN WEST SUMATRA

This article discusses the role of Rasimah Ismail in resisting Dutch colonialism in West Sumatra between 1912 and 1933. Its background includes the historical context of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia and the political and social situation in West Sumatra during that period. The aim of this research was to understand the role and contribution of Rasimah Ismail in the resistance against Dutch colonization. The research method used included historical analysis based on primary and secondary sources consisting of several stages: heuristic, criticism, interpretation, historiography. Sources sought included archives, photographs, as well as Dutch and Indonesian newspapers conducted online and offline. The findings highlighted Rasimah Ismail's important role in organizing Minangkabau women to resist Dutch colonialism through various social and political activities and actively demanding Indonesian independence. Rasimah Ismail was also known for her bravery and firmness in expressing opinions against colonial government policies, leading to her exile and imprisonment in Semarang. The conclusion of this article emphasized the importance of women's roles in anti-colonial resistance movements and paid tribute to Rasimah Ismail as one of the active figures in that struggle.

Religion and the Identity of Independent Indonesia: A Study on Religious Narratives According to the Founding Fathers

This article analyzes the speeches, works, and views of some Founding Fathers of Indonesia - Supomo, Muhammad Yamin, and Sukarno - as well as other key figures like Mohammad Hatta, K.H. Wahid Hasyim, Johannes Latuharhary, and Hoesein Djajadiningrat. It will explore their perspectives on the role of religion in Indonesia's political and social spheres. In Indonesia, where religion has significantly shaped the country's politics and society, politicians and elites largely agreed that religion is crucial to forming national identity. The main difference between nationalist and Islamist leaders was the extent of religion's influence on the new nation-state, not whether it had a role at all. Some argued for integrating faith into state affairs, while others favored separating the two. The enduring debate reflects the ongoing negotiation of competing visions of Indonesian nationhood, wherein religion is a significant axis of political and cultural expression. Moreover, the "religious state" concept encapsulates Indonesian leaders' nuanced approach to navigating the diverse religious landscape while maintaining a sense of national unity.

The Concept of Nationhood and the Implementation of Hadith on Nationalism in the Salafi Perspective: A Critical Study of Contemporary Islamic Law

This study critically examines the concept of nationhood and nationalism as understood by the Salafi group and analyzes the implementation of hadiths related to nationalism within the framework of contemporary Islamic law. Using a qualitative field research approach, the study focuses on approximately 200 Salafi adherents spread across Java and Sumatra. Informants were selected through purposive sampling, and data collection methods included interviews, surveys, and documentation. The research uncovers diverse interpretations of nationhood and nationalism within the Salafi community. A minority of Salafi adherents view nationalism as lacking a strong foundation in Islamic law, considering it a secular concept incompatible with Shari'ah. However, the majority, influenced by contextualist approaches in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence, argue that nationalism aligns with Islamic principles, particularly when understood as a form of maslahah and ukhuwwah wathaniyyah. This perspective is supported by contemporary Islamic scholars who emphasize protecting societal harmony and national unity as part of maqasid al-shari'ah. In practice, Salafi adherents demonstrate their acceptance of nationalism through various socio-religious activities. For instance, Salafi educational institutions integrate the study of Indonesia's independence history into their curriculum, emphasizing the moral responsibility of contributing to national welfare. This study makes academic contributions by providing a deep understanding of how contemporary Salafi groups connect Islamic teachings with modern concepts of nationhood, enriching the discourse on the adaptability of Islamic law in addressing contemporary socio-political challenges, and offering a practical framework for integrating religious values with national identity. It also contributes to discussions on pluralism and nation-building within an Islamic context.

TANTANGAN PERTAHANAN NASIONAL MENUJU INDONESIA EMAS 2045

Golden Indonesia 2045 is a long-term vision launched to mark 100 years of Indonesian independence. This vision covers various aspects of development, including economic, social and defense. National defense policy is one of the key elements in ensuring the achievement of this vision, considering the importance of national stability and security as the foundation for sustainable development. This research aims to see the challenges in the aspect of national defense towards a golden Indonesia 2045 and the role of national defense in realizing a golden Indonesia 2045. The research method used is a literature study involving analysis of documents, books, journal articles and information from official websites. Indonesian national defense. The findings obtained by researchers in this research are that there are several challenges faced by Indonesian national defense such as Economic and Resource Challenges: Defense Budget Limitations and the Need for Military Modernization, Institutional and Bureaucratic Challenges: The Need for Reform of Defense Institutions and Bureaucracy and Budget Limitations and Priorities National: Balancing Economic Development and Defense Investment. Meanwhile, the role of national defense in realizing a Golden Indonesia 2045 is implementing Defense Diplomacy in the context of international cooperation in maintaining regional security and building national resilience and responding to non-conventional threats. Non-conventional threats such as terrorism, separatism, cyber attacks and climate change.

The Role of Fiscal Decentralization in Enhancing Regional Financial Independence in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the role of fiscal decentralization in enhancing regional financial independence in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach and literature review methodology, the research examines the role of fiscal decentralization in promoting regional financial autonomy in Indonesia. The analysis compares the effectiveness of fiscal decentralization policies in fostering financial independence across various regions in the country. Fiscal decentralization has demonstrated positive impacts by granting regions greater freedom to determine development priorities and explore funding sources. Regions with strong economic potential and natural resources can increase their locally generated revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah or PAD) to support development. However, this policy also creates disparities among regions, where wealthier regions manage their finances independently while poorer regions remain reliant on central government transfers. Moreover, limited managerial capacity in some regions hampers the policy's effectiveness. Fiscal decentralization can strengthen regional financial independence if accompanied by enhanced financial management capacity and fiscal policy adjustments.

INDONESIAN AIRSPACE SOVEREIGNTY; PERSPECTIVE OF LAW NO. 1 OF 2009 ON AVIATION AND THE FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION (FIR) AGREEMENT BETWEEN INDONESIA AND SINGAPORE 2022

The existence of the Agreement between Indonesia and Singapore on the adjustment of the FIR boundary signed on January 25, 2022 should strengthen Indonesia's sovereignty by prioritizing national interests. However, this has not been achieved. This prompted the author to conduct research with the aim of finding the concept of Indonesian airspace sovereignty in Law no. 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation, as well as reviewing and analyzing the perspectives of policy makers in the 2022 FIR agreement as outlined in Presidential Regulation 109 of 2022; sovereignty or safety . The method used is normative juridical with a focus on qualitative analysis through the descriptive analysis method carried out through literature studies, with a statute approach and a conceptual approach . The conclusion obtained based on the results of the analysis is that the sovereignty of Indonesian airspace in Law no. 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation is not only placed on the safety element alone but is also full and exclusive based on the principles of independence and state sovereignty so that the delegation of FIR to Singapore, although stated not to reduce sovereignty , but in practice Singapore's management of airspace will more or less reduce Indonesia's independence in managing its airspace. The perspective of policy makers in the 2022 FIR agreement as outlined in Presidential Regulation 109 of 2022 is conceptually not in line with the spirit of Law no. 1 of 2009 which prioritizes flight safety and efficiency. This is certainly ironic, considering that when the benchmark is safety and efficiency, which basically can be built, but by setting aside state sovereignty, in essence there is an erosion of sovereignty over Indonesia's airspace.

PANCASILA ON `AUDAT AL-FIRDAUS: AN INTERPRETATION OF INDONESIA'S INDEPENDENCE HISTORY THROUGH ARABIC LITERATURE

This research will discuss one of the Arabic literary works that explicitly addresses the documentation of the history of the Indonesian struggle for independence in 1945 — `Audat al-Firdaus, a drama work by Ali Ahmad Bakatsir. This work tells the story of the dynamics that occurred among the leaders of the Nation—Soekarno, Mohammad Hatta, and Sutan Syahrir—in formulating the ideal ideology to legitimize the proclamation event at Ikada Field, which presents a narrative quite different from the historical documentation known to the Indonesian people. In fact, some of the attachments included in this writing are the author's interpretations in appreciating Indonesia's independence. One of the most striking aspects is that the lyrics of Indonesia's national anthem are written in Arabic language. By using two theoretical approaches: Post-Colonial Literature from Homi Bhabha and Hegemony from Antonio Gramsci, the researcher found an interesting discovery that Bakatsir deliberately created Audatul Firdaus to introduce the socialist ideology of Pancasila as a form of pan-Islamic revolution in the Middle East. This research also found that the connection between Arab writers and Indonesia is not merely as a conduit for Islamic Education that originated earlier in the Middle East, but they are also responsible for the dissemination of nationalist and political ideology in Indonesia for Arabic communities to break free from the shackles of Western imperialism.

Educational Policy and Islamic Teaching in Indonesia in The Post-Independence Period

After Indonesian independence in 1945, Islamic education experienced significant development in line with the Indonesian people's efforts to build an education system based on local religious and cultural values. In the early period of independence, Islamic education focused on strengthening traditional institutions such as Islamic boarding schools, madrasas, and surau. During the Old Order and New Order eras, the Government began to be more actively involved in regulating Islamic education, integrating madrasas into the national education system, and implementing a curriculum that combined religious studies with general science. This policy aims to improve Islamic education standards and give Muslim students more comprehensive access to formal education. In the reform era, Islamic education received greater attention with the birth of regional autonomy policies, which allowed regions to manage education according to local needs, including Islamic education. After the policy is formed, a regulation is created in the form of Religion and Religious Education, which provides knowledge and shapes students' attitudes, personalities, and skills in practicing their religious teachings

THE EDUCATIONAL CONCEPT OF HAJI AGUS SALIM

Haji Agus Salim (1884–1954) was a prominent figure in the Indonesian independence movement. After independence, he became a famous diplomat and served as Indonesia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs. Numerous historians concentrated on his career as a politician. Nevertheless, Haji Agus Salim was also intrigued by educational concepts. Throughout his life, he demonstrated his interest in education in several ways: During the Dutch colonial period he decided to teach his children at home. Later, he was an effective instructor for the Jong Islamieten Bond, and he was also a successful visiting lecturer at Cornell University. In addition to his political expertise, he saw the value of transmitting some educational elements. The underlying structuralist approach of this research revealed that Haji Agus Salim was more concerned with the aspects of language teaching and Islamic knowledge. According to him, it was indispensable that the students develop a motivational and interested consciousness, and the teacher should instigate the eagerness to learn.

The Role of Youth Organizations in Lempur Hilir Village, Gunung Raya District, Kerinci Regency

The role of youth is very important and is often associated with the progress of a nation. This has happened since the time of the Indonesian independence struggle, including the history of the youth oath declaration which is one proof that Indonesian youth have an important role in the role of the nation's struggle. In Permensos No. 25 of 2019, Karang Taruna in carrying out its duties is based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, where Karang Taruna is an organization formed by the community as a potential and source of social welfare and the authority of Karang Taruna is to develop the potential of the younger generation and the community. From the description and description above, the author conducted research in Lempur Hilir Village, Gunung Raya District, which is stated in the research title The Role of Karang Taruna in Lempur Hilir Village, Gunung Raya District, Kerinci Regency. This type of research is normative juridical by studying various literature and legislation, as well as legal theories regarding the role and function of Karang Taruna in Lempur Hilir Village. The research approach methods used include, Conceptual Approach, Statute Approach, and Case Approach. The role of Karang Taruna in Lempur Hilir Village has been running well but has not been running optimally. This is due to various indicators, especially in making decisions on the vision and mission of Karang Taruna.

National Drug Resilience within the Legal Framework: An Analysis of Regulation and Implementation of Law Number 17 of 2023

National drug resilience is a fundamental pillar for achieving health independence and sovereignty in Indonesia. Strengthening this resilience has become a strategic mandate outlined in Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, emphasizing the critical role of producing pharmaceuticals, vaccines, medical devices, and natural-based medicines to support the national healthcare system. This article examines the regulatory aspects, implementation, and challenges of realizing national drug resilience through a normative juridical approach. The integration of progressive legal theory, utilitarianism, and the welfare state model is the primary analytical framework for evaluating policy effectiveness. This approach is reinforced by a human rights perspective, particularly the right to health as enshrined in Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution and international frameworks such as ICESCR. The findings highlight that synergy among adaptive legal policies, strengthening biodiversity-based research and innovation, and supporting local industries are key to reducing dependence on imported materials and enhancing global competitiveness. This article contributes to local legal literature by integrating legal theory with human rights frameworks in the context of pharmaceutical policy while offering practical recommendations for supporting sustainable drug resilience policies. It provides a theoretical and strategic foundation for bolstering the national healthcare system through an inclusive and progressive legal approach.

Religious Moderation in the History of the Indonesian Nation

This study aims to analyze the values of Religious Moderation in the historical trajectory of the Indonesian Nation. The beginning of the establishment of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia began when the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read on August 17, 1945. Indonesia has an archipelago spread with a variety of customs, cultures, tribes, and beliefs. This diversity coexists peacefully, but lately, the Indonesian nation has experienced a crisis of heterogeneity. This is evidenced by several cases of intolerance, extremism, destruction of houses of worship and so on. Ideally, the predecessors of the Indonesian nation upheld the values of religious moderation which are now fading. The urgency of this research is to form an ideal understanding of religious moderation through historical values. This research uses qualitative methods with a history-based phenomenological approach. The primary data sources in this study are historical evidence, while the secondary data used are books, articles and reports that support the research. Data will be analyzed using Triangulation, Member Checking, and Conclusion Drawing techniques. The results showed that in terms of history the Indonesian nation has upheld the values of tolerance, harmony, and non-violence. This can be seen from the adoption of the Sutasoma book which became the basic foundation of the state and Pancasila as a moral instruction that contains philosophical values. Local wisdom in society has the value of religious moderation. The government in this case has made efforts through, training on strengthening Religious Moderation for the community, interfaith dialogue, the role of mass media, and government supp

Religion in political power: a philosophical study on the role of religion in the 2019 elections

In the sixteenth century, European countries were divided due to conflicts between Catholics and Protestants regarding which religion should govern. The conflict between them ultimately concluded not by granting special rights to a particular religion, but rather by separating the church from the state and strengthening the freedom of religion for everyone. This decision had the consequence of enhancing cross-border human solidarity beyond the barriers of religion, culture, economy, race, gender, and various other divides. The history of Indonesia is marked by dynamics somewhat similar, especially when examining efforts to find the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian nation. The inner atmosphere during the session of the Investigating Body for Preparatory Work for Independence/Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (BPUPK/PPKI) reflects well how the strong and argumentative discourse of the founding fathers led to the agreement to choose Pancasila as the shared philosophy. The founding fathers chose an ideal path for Indonesia by making Pancasila the philosophy, ideology, and foundation of the Indonesian state. Pancasila became the noble covenant of this nation, where within it, all diversity (pluralism) and heterogeneity of this nation are united but not standardized. Religion is one of the diversities and diversities of the Indonesian nation. There are six religions and various belief systems that coexist in Indonesia. In the 2019 general elections, the colors of support left certain traces that are worth reflecting on. From the vote counts of the General Election Commission, this support factor is visibly apparent. Provinces like Aceh and Bali, for example, can serve as references to observe these patterns of support. This is certainly something legitimate in the realm of democracy. However, when we look at various news and sentiments that emerged during the campaign, it is clear that religion was dragged into this practical political arena. This undoubtedly becomes an important reflection for the Indonesian nation in facing the dynamics of religious intertwining with politics.

Historical Relationship Between Indonesia and Türkiye

This paper examines the historical relationship between Indonesia and Türkiye, tracing its evolution from the Ottoman era to the present. Despite geographical and cultural differences, both nations share a legacy of Islamic heritage and anti-colonial struggles. Early interactions began in the 16th century with the Ottoman support for the Aceh Sultanate against European colonial powers. The rise of nationalist movements in the early 20th century further strengthened their ties, particularly as Indonesia drew inspiration from Türkiye's modernisation efforts under Atatürk. Following Indonesia's independence in 1945, formal diplomatic relations were established, leading to cooperative dynamics during the Cold War despite ideological differences. In the contemporary era, economic, political, and cultural exchanges have intensified, highlighted by collaboration in international forums and shared interests in regional stability. However, challenges remain, influenced by differing foreign policy stances and domestic political changes. This overview underscores the historical foundations and potential for a robust partnership between Indonesia and Türkiye, rooted in mutual interests and a shared legacy. The significance of Ottoman archives for Asian countries like Indonesia is profound, particularly in understanding historical, political, and cultural dynamics. These archives serve as vital resources that illuminate the connections between the Ottoman Empire and Southeast Asia, shedding light on a range of topics.

Optimizing the Role of the Young Generation in Environmental Preservation as a Form of National Defense: Reflections on the 79th Independence of the Republic of Indonesia

This article examines the strategic role of the younger generation in environmental preservation as a form of non-military national defense, with reference to the reflection of the 79th anniversary of Indonesia's Independence. This study uses literature reviews from various international sources indexed by Scopus and other reputable journals to explore the contribution of youth in environmental conservation and its relationship with national resilience. This article also discusses the methodology used in previous studies on youth and environmental conservation, as well as their impact on public policy. The method used is a literature review that focuses on the contribution of youth in environmental conservation programs and the use of green technology. The results of the study show that youth involvement is very important in strengthening national resilience, both through public policy, participation in conservation, and technological innovation. In addition, support from the private sector, NGOs, and the government is urgently needed to empower youth so that they can play an active role in strengthening national sovereignty and environmental sustainability. The research also highlights the great potential of the use of digital technology and social media to increase youth engagement in environmental movements and support the role of national defense.

Hubungan Pancasila dengan Pembukaan UUD 1945 the Relationship Between Pancasila and the Opening of the 1945 Constitution

The foundation of the Indonesian nation is Pancasila. In Indonesia, the 1945 Constitution serves as the foundation. As an example of a country that has adopted Pancasila as its national anthem, Indonesia is one such country. As an ideology, personal code of ethics, and economic foundation of the Indonesian nation, Pancasila has been assimilated into the guiding principles of the Indonesian nation. The Republic of Indonesia, which was founded on August 17, 1945, is officially known as Pancasila, a name taken from the Arabic letter 0 (Slaat). The Indonesian government designed Pancasila and the Preparatory Party for Indonesian Independence approved it. At the 1945 Session of the People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia, Pancasila was ratified. As the foundation of the state and the foundation of the life of the Indonesian people, the practice of the values ​​of Pancasila is an obligation for all Indonesian people. As a value that can be applied by society in Pancasila. On the other hand, the 1945 Constitution establishes a clear basis for legislative action. Both Pancasila as a national principle and the 1945 Constitution, especially the prohibition clause, as a legal principle, have a very close or inseparable relationship. If Pancasila is hereditary, then the 1945 Constitution is also hereditary. In other words, everything in the government's power structure - including laws, decisions, the executive branch, the democratic system, and so on - must be in accordance with the values ​​outlined in Pancasila. Therefore, the relationship between Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution is a formal relationship. In other words, Pancasila is a positive standard and guiding principle for national development. Pancasila is a strong and unchangeable concept. On the other hand, the creation of the 1945 Constitution is considered the highest decision. In addition, there is a material relationship between Pancasila and the 1945 Proclamation Constitution. Thus, the 1945 Constitution is the basic document of Indonesian law, with all its provisions and clauses derived from Pancasila.

Developing a Novel Learning Model Based on Blended Learning to Increase Student Learning Independence in Indonesia

Developing a Novel Learning Model Based on Blended Learning to Increase Student Learning Independence in Indonesia

Pembelajaran Sejarah Berbasis Sejarah Lokal Peran Blitar dalam Mempertahankan Kemerdekaan Indonesia 1948-1950

This study analyses Blitar's role as one of the Republic of Indonesia's guerrilla bases during the Dutch military aggression period and the struggle for independence. Located in East Java, Blitar has a long history, starting from the Dutch colonial period, the Japanese occupation, to the post-proclamation of Indonesian independence. Blitar became an important centre for military and emergency government activities in East Java, especially after the Dutch launched Military Aggression I and II. This research illustrates how Blitar became a gathering place for long march troops from various regions, as well as the formation of a military government structure that played an important role in defending the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. Using data from various sources, including official reports and historical studies, this research seeks to present a picture of the socio-political and military dynamics in Blitar during this critical time in Indonesian history. However, despite its significant role, local history studies related to Blitar's role in this struggle are still minimally explored in history learning in schools. Therefore, the integration of Blitar's local history in the curriculum is expected to strengthen students' understanding of the importance of their region's contribution to national history.