Indefinite Term Research Articles

A Solution to the Continuous-Time ${\rm H}_{\infty}$ Fixed-Interval Smoother Problem

The minimum-variance fixed-interval smoother is a state-space realization of the Wiener solution generalized for time-varying problems. It involves forward and adjoint Wiener-Hopf factor inverses in which the gains are obtained by solving a Riccati equation. This technical note introduces a continuous-time H∞ smoother having the structure of the minimum-variance version, in which the gains are obtained by solving a Riccati equation that possesses an indefinite quadratic term. It is shown that the smoother exhibits an increase in mean-square-error, the error is bounded, and the upper error bound is greater than that for the H∞ filter.

Bioseguridad con énfasis en contaminantes biológicos en trabajadores de la salud

Health workers of the emergency service are frequently exposed to different dangers, among them the contact with biological polluting agents. This is a study of descriptive character, with the objective to characterize workers on social demographic aspects, and also to verify the level of application of the bio-security norms at the emergency services of a health institution in the city of Bogota, Colombia. 68,3% of the workers are with a contract in the modality of benefit of services, the 31,7%, are in the modality of indefinite term. 44,6% of the personnel have not received the qualification on bio-security, and 42,4% do not apply the suitable technique of washing hands. In relation to the aspect of the return to use needles, 31% was doing this practice. All workers have the complete kit of Hepatitis B vaccine, but the same percentage does not have measurement of Hepatitis B antibodies. It is fundamental the provision of elements of personal protection and set of elements and containers that contribute to the bio-security. Pedagogical activities can be used to sensitize and create critical awareness to all personnel who work at emergency, about dangers and consequences that are exposed in their workplace. Measurements of titles of Hepatitis B are necessary to verify the immunological state of the workers.

AL-FĀRĀBĪ ON INDEFINITE AND PRIVATIVE NAMES

In his Short Treatise and his Commentary on the Peri hermeneias, al-Fārābī offers two different but related accounts of indefinite terms and the propositions that contain them. In both works he presents a series of different senses that an indefinite term may have, commencing with a sense in which such a term would be equivalent to a privative term, and concluding with a sense in which it would determine the logical complement of the corresponding definite term. I offer an interpretation of this series according to which they reveal the workings of a fine analytical mind and a subtle teacher.

De-Situating Spectrum: Rethinking Radio Policy Using Non-Spatial Metaphors

This paper proposes alternative mental models for wireless communication that are structurally similar to the prevailing spectrum-as-territory metaphor, but that use different referents. It explores several non-spatial metaphors, and then focuses in on trademark as a guiding analogy. In this new approach, a wireless communication system is described by a set of operating parameters that differentiate it from other systems, much as all the elements of a trademark are used to differentiate a particular product from others. Radio interference is likened to the unauthorized use of a trademark and its attendant potential to confuse a customer. The frequencies used in a communication are like the letters of a trade name. The regulator is like the trademark office.This approach inspires a system of rights different from those prompted by the spectrum-as-territory analogy. Rights and protections are obtained by registering system operating parameters such as transmitter and receiver masks, just as a trademark registration covers a variety of brand attributes. Any set of operating parameters that does not cause harmful interference with an existing operation can be registered. Auctions are possible, but are not essential. The definition of rights is driven by operators, not regulators. Importantly, rights can have an indefinite term, but also can be lost if not used.Non-spatial metaphors offer a way around the limitations of the existing approach, such as a fixation on frequency, and vague criteria for harmful interference. It restates wireless policy in terms of system operations rather than spectrum, and opens up new opportunities for innovation and use.

Book Review Section

Personnel PsychologyVolume 45, Issue 4 p. 875-953 Book Review Section First published: December 1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1992.tb00972.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract HANSEN, CURTISS P. and CONRAD, KELLEY A. (Eds.). A Handbook of Psychological Assessment in Business. SIMS, HENRY, P., JR. and LORENZI, PETER. The New Leadership Paradigm. GORDON, EDWARD E., PONTICELL, JUDITH A., and MORGAN, RONALD R. Closing the Literacy Gap in American Business: A Guide for Trainers and Human Resource Specialists. MINER, JOHN B. Industrial-Organizational Psychology. CARNEVALE, ANTHONY PATRICK. America and the New Economy: How New Competitive Standards are Radically Changing American Workplaces. MURPHY, KEVIN R. and CLEVELAND, JEANETTE N. Performance Appraisal: An Organizational Perspective. WORCHEL, STEPHEN, WOOD, WENDY and SIMPSON, JERRY A. (Eds.). Group Process and Productivity. GOODWIN, PAUL and WRIGHT, GEORGE. Decision Analysis for Management Judgment. FAIRHOLM, GILBERT W. Values Leadership: Toward a New Philosophy of Leadership. KETS DE VRIES, MANFRED F. R. and Associates. Organizations on the Couch: Clinical Perspectives on Organizational Behavior and Change. THOMAS, R. ROOSEVELT, JR. Beyond Race and Gender: Unleashing the Power of Your Total Work Force by Managing Diversity. SHARP, RICHARD S. Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling. BOYD, CHARLES. Individual Commitment and Organizational Change: A Guide for Human Resources and Organizational Development Specialists. MAURER, RICK. Caught in the Middle: A Leadership Guide for Partnership in the Workplace. SMITH, MARTIN R. Contrarian Management: Commonsense Antidotes to Business Fads and Fallacies. DENTON, D. KEITH. Horizontal Management: Beyond Total Customer Satisfaction. NELSON-JONES, RICHARD. Group Leadership: A Training Approach. BRODIE, DONALD W. Individual Employment Disputes: Definite and Indefinite Term Contracts. COOPER, CARY L. and PAYNE, ROY (Eds.). Personality and Stress: Individual Differences in the Stress Process. NADLER, LEONARD and NADLER, ZEACE. Every Manager's Guide to Human Resource Development. LOCKE, EDWIN A. and Associates. The Essence of Leadership: The Four Keys to Leading Successfully. BRUCE, WILLA M. and REED, CHRISTINE M. Dual-Career Couples in the Public Sector: A Management Guide for Human Resource Professionals. COCKBURN, CYNTHIA. In the Way of Women: Men's Resistance to Sex Equality in Organizations. Volume45, Issue4December 1992Pages 875-953 RelatedInformation

Numerical Computation for Solving Algebraic Riccati Equations of Weakly Coupled Systems

In this paper, an algorithm for solving the algebraic Riccati equation (ARE) that has an indefinite sign quadratic term related to weakly coupled large-scale systems is investigated. A novel contribution is that a new iterative algorithm is derived by combining Newton's method and the fixed point algorithm. As a result, for sufficiently small e, we can obtain an ARE solution with a quadratic convergence rate. Moreover, it is possible to calculate the ARE solution for the same dimension of each subsystem. As another important feature, an algorithm for solving the filter ARE is also discussed. Finally, in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, a numerical example is given. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(1): 39–48, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20370

Generalized Time-Varying Riccati Theory: A Popov Operator Based Approach

We derive in this paper necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the stabilizing solution to the differential Riccati equation, with indefinite sign quadratic term. The key object of the present approach is the Popov operator, associated with a controlled exponentially dichotomic evolution and a quadratic cost. Special attention is paid to the classical positivity theory and a time-varying version of the celebrated Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov Lemma is given under relaxed assumptions.

Beamforming using indefinite term for arbitrarily located microphones

The design of filter coefficients for a beamforming algorithm constructed of finite impulse response filters and adders was investigated. Designing filter coefficients can be represented as a linear inverse problem, and using the indefinite term of the linear equation, a filter having the smallest sidelobe beam pattern based on the least-square estimation criterion can be designed. This design method is represented by a closed form equation using singular value decomposition and a pseudo-inverse matrix, so it does not need parameter adjustment, as do adaptive methods. It can be used for arbitrarily located microphones; it was applied to a sound visualization system using a spherical microphone array (SMA). At the meeting, this design method and its directivity performance when applied to a SMA will be described.

Descriptive discourse abilities of traumatic brain-injured adults

Background: Studies examining the discourse abilities of adults who have suffered traumatic brain injuries (TBI) have revealed that although these individuals display relatively normal language skills on traditional aphasia tests, they demonstrate varying levels of impairment in the coherence, cohesion, and informational content of their extended verbal output. Discourse studies with the TBI population have varied relative to the type of discourse task as well as the level or approach of analysis. One approach to discourse analysis has involved examination of the cognitive functions distinguishing macrostructural and microstructural discourse processing. Macrostructural analyses are global analyses focused at the level of the entire text, dealing with large supra-sentential discourse units. Microstructural analyses are concerned with smaller structural elements in a text and the relations between these elements; the focus is at the local level of the word or sentence. Aims: In the current investigation, three analyses were undertaken to examine descriptive discourse production of five high-functioning TBI adults (three males, two females) who had suffered brain injury as the result of motor vehicle accidents. The first analysis, thematic coherence, is a macrostructural analysis, whereas the other two analyses, cohesion and lexical errors, are microstructural analyses. Methods & Procedures: Two topics, family description and work experience, were used to elicit discourse; performance was compared between the language samples. Each participant's performance was reviewed individually and findings were compared to the mean performance of a group of 15 normal functioning young adults. For thematic coherence, global and local coherence were evaluated and scored separately on different 5-point rating scales. Cohesion analysis involved identification of three types of cohesive ties (closed-class appropriate, open-class appropriate, incomplete cohesion) with scores computed as proportions of total spoken words. Lexical error production included identification of verbal paraphasias and indefinite terms, also computed as proportions of total words spoken. Outcomes & Results: The results revealed that mean coherence ratings for each TBI participant were consistently lower than those observed for the control group, regardless of coherence type (local, global) or discourse topic (family, work). Furthermore, the TBI participants demonstrated greater difficulty with global than local coherence and showed more performance variability among participants in global as compared to local coherence. However, all five TBI adults displayed minimal deficits in lexical production and cohesion. Conclusions: Overall, the findings revealed dissociation of microlinguistic and macrolinguistic cognitive functions in the TBI participants, thus providing support for the distinction between and independent organisation of microstructural and macrostructural discourse components.

Flying fitness of patients with infections

To certify fitness for (international) air flights one must differentiate between target groups, i.e. pilots, cabin crew and passengers and the stage of infection, i.e. acute and chronic phase of disease and (organ) deficiency after infection, respectively. Publications mostly show indefinite terms which makes principles of quality assessment and international harmonization difficult, in some instances even impossible. Whereas certification of fitness in pilots in respect of infectious diseases should ensure a safe travel problems of infectious diseases in cabin crew and passengers are mainly focused on the risk of avoidable sequelae concerning the person itself and of the transmission to other passengers, respectively.

Casual Employment in Australia and Temporary Employment in Europe: Developing a Cross-National Comparison

Labour market analysis conventionally distinguishes amongst employees according to whether their contract of employment is ‘permanent’ or ‘temporary’. The permanent contract of employment, best understood as a contract for an indefinite term, is the central form. It has served as the crucial pivot in the development of ‘industrial citizenship’ during much of the twentieth century. Most advanced capitalist societies, apart from isolated exceptions such as the United States, have followed a parallel historical course, whereby permanent employment – in particular in its full-time form – was installed both as the dominant form of employment and as the standard entry-point for access to a comprehensive set of industrial rights and benefits, including minimum wages and standardised working-time arrangements (Streeck 1992).

Intentional identity revisited

The problem of intentional identity, as originally offered by Peter Geach, says that there can be an anaphoric link between an indefinite term and a pronoun across a sentential boundary and across propositional attitude contexts, where the actual existence of an individual for the indefinite term is not presupposed. In this paper, a semantic resolution to this elusive puzzle is suggested, based on a new quantified intensional logic and game-theoretic semantics (GTS) of imperfect information. This constellation leads to an expressive intensional language with a property of informational independence, argued to produce a purely semantic explication to intentional identity statements. One consequence is that various extra-logical and pragmatic factors become of secondary concern; it is possible to solve the puzzle by logico-semantic methods, albeit somewhat radically renewed ones.

The Cognitive Nature of Instantiation

People are easily able to infer that a property true of everything must be true of a particular individual and, similarly, that a property true of an individual is also true of something or other. If everything is made of quarks, then George is made of them, and if George is made of quarks, then something is made of them. The three experiments reported here examine how people make inferences like these that require instantiation—from universal terms (e.g., everything) to particular terms (e.g., George), from particular terms to indefinite terms (e.g., something), or from universal terms to indefinite ones. Results from all three experiments show that it takes people longer to recognize the deductive correctness of arguments that depend on two types of instantiation (e.g., from a universal term to a particular term and from a particular term to an indefinite) than those that depend on two examples of the same type. Experiments 1–3 rule out overall abstractness of the premise or the conclusion as the cause of this difference. Experiments 2 and 3 rule out the possibility that the difference is due to repeated noun phrases. Experiment 3 rules out scope ambiguity as the source of the effect. These findings suggest that people use different cognitive operations to instantiate terms and that switching between them takes time and mental effort.

Jonathan P. Wainwright. Musical Patronage in Seventeenth-Century England: Christopher, First Baron Hatton (1605-1670). Aldershot, Hants: Scolar Press, 1997. 470 pp. ISBN 1-85928-278-4 (hardcover)

Jonathan P. Wainwright. Musical Patronage in Seventeenth-Century England: Christopher, First Baron Hatton (1605-1670). Aldershot, Hants: Scolar Press, 1997. 470 pp. ISBN 1-85928-278-4 (hardcover). Although much attention has been paid to the French influence on musical life at the Restoration Court, it was not the only, nor even the most important influence on English music of the seventeenth century. Underpinning much English baroque music, and indeed, even much French music from the period, are Italian methods. Jonathan Wainwright attempts to rectify the oversight of Italian influences by examining the operation and structure of seventeenth-century English musical patronage in the form of a case study of the activities of Christopher, First Baron Hatton (1605-70). Hatton owned one of the most substantial and important music collections in seventeenth-century England. The collection, much of which still survives today at Christ Church in Oxford, has important implications for understanding musical life during the Civil War at the Oxford Court (1642-46) and provides an excellent example of the extent of the dissemination and influence of Italian music in England during this period. Patronage in the seventeenth century was, by its nature, relatively vague and undefined. Few musicians held permanent positions for musical purposes alone. They did not hold jobs per se, but rather they had relationships and ties to patrons with indefinite terms of responsibilities and remuneration. Impetus for a work often could come from either patron or musician; in many cases the musician offered his work as a gift to the patron and was rewarded with a gratuity, which often took the form of items or benefits other than money. A patron was frequently an enabler rather than an activator and thus, to a large degree, Wainwright often reveals Hatton to have only a loose involvement with the activities of his musicians and copyists. Of course patronage was of vital importance to English musicians in the seventeenth century. Musicians could not operate as independent individuals and were almost entirely reliant on institutional or noble patronage. The career advancement of musicians was dependent on the assistance of a well-placed and amenable patron or sponsor. One needs only to study the plethora of flattering dedications in musical productions of the period in order to apprehend the debt musicians owed to royal or noble patrons and to understand the important place of the patron-client relationship in the overall cultural milieu of the seventeenth century. The most significant patron was, of course, the monarch, and the subject of court patronage during this period has been the subject of a number of significant studies such as Arthur Ashbee's Records of English Court Music (Snodland, 1986-91), and Peter Holman's Four and Twenty Fiddlers: The Violin at the English Court, 1540-1690 (Oxford, 1993), among others. Wainwright, however, chooses not to delve into a great amount of detail regarding the general nature of patronage during this period, preferring instead to concentrate his efforts on the biographical details and conditions surrounding only the patronage of, and musical activities surrounding, Baron Hatton. As such, the book, though it will prove a well-researched and informative resource to some, is relatively limited in its scope and is less of a general survey of patronage in seventeenth-century England than implied in the title. Wainwright divides his book into two large sections. The first section is devoted to the biography and context surrounding Hatton, his music collection, and his most important musicians and copyists. The second section, representing somewhat more than half of the book, presents a meticulous inventory of some of the most significant surviving manuscripts from the collection. This catalogue represents an important reference tool for those interested in English manuscripts and their dissemination during this period. …

Combating Foster Care Drift: An Ecosystemic Treatment Model For Neglect Cases

The neglect of children may take many forms, but always represents the diminished capacity of the entire system of which the children are a living part. Child, parent, family, neighborhood, and community variables mutually influence one another. Once children are removed from a home, these same individual, relational, and contextual factors may result in foster placements of indefinite term and goals. Families are not reunited nor are the children legally freed to be placed in permanent homes. Because of the multiplicity of transacting influences there needs to be a stage-wise, systemic approach to remediation. This begins with crisis intervention and life stabilization. Later it includes more traditional family therapy work. However, the marital and family therapist contributes substantially at each stage.

NEW DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING WRONGFUL CONSTRUCTIVE TERMINATION

In America the non‐union employment relationship is defined by the rigid doctrine of employment‐at‐will. It is thought to have evolved from the master‐servant relationship which was a personal relationship. With the emergence of industrialisation in the nineteenth century, the personal relationship was essentially replaced by a commercial relationship. This commercial relationship needed definition commensurate with the definition of tasks and responsibilities within the factory's structured management and assembly line type processes. By 1877, employment‐at‐will became a generally accepted position in the American courts. “This doctrine embraces a rule declaring that employment for an indefinite term may be terminated at any time for any reason or for no reason by either the employee or the employer without legal liability” (Seidman, 1993:44). “Bosses could fire workers for any reason — as long as the firing is not discriminatory or retaliatory” (Iwata, 1994).

Notes and Comments

NOTES AND COMMENTS Association News The president of the American CathoUc Historical Association, WiUiam J. CaUahan, in October, 1996, appointed Reza Saidi and JamshedY. Uppal,both of the Department of Economics and Business in the CathoUc University ofAmerica , to the Committee on Investments for indefinite terms. The chairman of the committee ex officio is the treasurer of the Association, Robert Trisco. In December Professor CaUahan also appointed John E. Monfasani of the State University of New York at Albany as this Association's representative on the joint committee on the Marraro Prizes for a four-year term. The Association wUl be represented byVirginia Reinburg of Boston CoUege, a member of its Executive CouncU, as its delegate at the instaUation of Richard M. Freeland as the sixth president of Northeastern University in Boston on January 17, 1997. Meetings, Conferences, Symposia At the faU conference of the New England Historical Association, which was held at Roger WUliams University, Bristol, Rhode Island, on October 19, 1996, one of the fourteen sessions was devoted to "Politics and ReUgion in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Germany"; papers were read by Michael B. Gross of Brown University on "The Revolution of 1848, the Jesuit Missionary Crusade, and the Background to the Kulturkampf"; by Martin R. Menke of Boston CoUege on "Women Voters of the German Center Party: A Missed Opportunity "; and by Greg Witkowski of the State University of NewYork at Buffalo on"Protestant Opposition to a 'Christian' Party: The Detmold Conferences." In other sessions some of the papers were "A corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit': ReUgion and the American Eugenics Movement, 1900-1944," by Christine Stolba of Emory University; "Catholicism and Democracy's 'Second Wave' in Latin America," by Ernest A. Greco of Roger WilUams University: and "A Salesman for the Virgin: Father Patrick Peyton and the Famüy Rosary Crusade," by Kathryn A. Johnson of the University of Pennsylvania. The theme of the dies academicus of the Accademia di S. Carlo that was held in the Ambrosian Library at MUan on November 8-9, 1996, was "PeUegrino Tibaldi, pittore e architetto deU'età borromaica." 173 174notes and comments The ItaUan-German Historical Institute in Trent held a symposium on November 28-30, 1996, on the theme "Le visite pastoraU fra storia sociale e storia reUgiosa d'Europa: Un antico istituto in nuove prospettive." It may be assumed that many of the papers presented on those days in Italian, German, and French wiU eventually be pubUshed in the Institute's Annali. An international conference on "Vatican II: Decrees, Experience, and Event" was held in Bologna on December 12-15, 1996. It was sponsored by the Fondazione Giovanni XXIII and the Istituto per Ie scienze reUgiose of Bologna. The Conference on Latin American History wiU sponsor several sessions dealing with ecclesiastical or reUgious history during the annual meeting of the American Historical Association and its affiliated societies in New York. On January 3 under the chairmanship ofJohn P SchwaUer ofthe University ofMontana the foUowing scholars wiU present papers: Linda Curcio-Nagy of the University of Nevada, Reno,"Corporate Identity and Patronage: The Inquisition and the Festival of San Pedro de Abues in Seventeenth-Century Mexico City"; Barbara de Marco of the University of California, Berkeley, "La Conquistadora: Hagiographical Elements in Don Diego de Vargas's Narrative of Reconquest"; and Fernando Iwasaki of SevUle, Spain, "The Circle of Saints in Early SeventeenthCentury Lima." On the next day"CathoUc Social Action in Latin America"wiU be the theme of a session in which Douglas Sullivan-Gonzales of the University of Mississippi wiU speak on "Spiritual Conquest? An Analysis of the Mexican CathoUc Church, 1876-191 1"; RandaU Scott Hanson of Colby-Sawyer CoUege on "Women in the CathoUc Social Action Movement in Mexico, 1920-1929"; and Bruce Calder of the University of Illinois, Chicago, on "DevelopmentaUst CathoUcism: Continuation of the Extinguished Revolution in Guatemala in the 1940's." In other sessions papers wiU be read by Kathryn Burns of the University of Florida, "Nuns, Kurakas, and Credit: Spiritual Relations in Colonial Cuzco"; by Juan Javier Pescador of the Colegio de México, "Basque-American ReUgious Identity: Migrants and Local ReUgion in the Ojartzun Valley, 1570-1770"; and by...

On the existence of solutions of the general algebraic Riccati equation

This paper addresses the problem of real symmetric solutions of the general algebraic Riccati equation (GARE) with an indefinite quadratic term. The GARE arises in linear quadratic differential games, in the stabilization of uncertain systems, robust optimal control and disturbance attenuation problems. Using the properties of the solutions of the differential equation corresponding to the GARE and the related conclusions of differential games, we have established the main results of this paper. Theorems 1 and 2

FIBROMYALGIA AND THE RHEUMATISMS: Common Sense and Sensibility

Chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes are common problems, but the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathology of many of them are very poorly understood. Because the currently used nomenclature suggests an understanding that we do not have, I propose that names like "myofascial pain," "tension myalgia," and "FM" be abandoned in favor of the more indefinite (but more honest) terms like "regional" and "generalized rheumatism." No matter what we rheumatologists call it, however, the condition of chronic generalized musculoskeletal pain probably is only one part of an even more generalized condition that includes IBS, chronic headaches, regional migratory numbness, TMJ syndrome, and a whole host of other somatic pain syndromes. The same patients end up seeing many specialists who themselves feel frustrated with the labels at their disposal, and these specialists end up resembling the blind men confronting the elephant. In this regard, the new ACR criteria for the diagnosis of fibrositis, by emphasizing tenderness and ignoring the presence of these other syndromes, are too circumscribed and represent a step backward in our attempts to understand. Although the chronic rheumatisms are problems difficult to manage and frustrating for both the patient and the physician, when patience can be applied and confidence achieved, a positive relationship can result and the patient can be helped.

A NOTE ON COSTS OF COLLECTING HYDROMETRIC FLOW DATA IN THE UNITED STATES

ABSTRACT Information for comparing costs of collecting hydrometric data in different countries may promote efficiency of operations. The hydrometric programme in the United States consists of 8400 full-record stations and an equal number of partial-record stations operated by 47 district offices. A sampling of four districts selected to represent the range of hydrometric conditions in the country indicated that costs (in 1972) for installation of a full-record station intended for indefinite terms of operation ranged between $5000 and $10,000. Short-term stations range between $2500 and $4000. Costs of operation for full-record stations ranged between $800 and $1250 per year, whereas office costs for processing the record ranged between $500 and $1250. A very considerable emphasis is given in the programme to partial-record stations designed to furnish specific information for floods and droughts. Annual costs in terms of full-record stations range from only 5 per cent for a low-flow station, 15–20 per ce...