Increment In Production Research Articles

Food Security in China: A Brief View of Rice Production in Recent 20 Years.

Rice production affects the food security and socioeconomic status of over half the world's population. Rice-producing countries, however, are facing population growth, reduction in rice planting area, and global change. Understanding the trends of rice production and major determinants is key to regulating rice production. We thus analyzed the trends of rice production and related determinants in China from 2001 to 2021, revealing that the annual rice production (TRP) has risen steadily (r = 0.929, p < 0.0001) in recent 20 years. TRP in 2021 was 19.9% higher than that in 2001, which was primarily achieved by the increment of middle rice production (MRP). MRP increased by 46.2% from 2000 to 2018, and grain yield per unit area (GPA) was the largest in middle rice. The enhancement of GPAs is significantly correlated with the consumption of agricultural resources and the number of released rice cultivars, but variations exist. TRP and GPA vary in different provinces; Hunan (25 ± 2 megatons) and Xinjiang (8364 ± 806 kg/hectare) show the largest values, respectively. TRP could be further increased by 13.8% by improving MRP. The results suggest that rice production in China has a large potential to be further improved through regulations.

Boosting SO2 electrocatalytic oxidation reaction on highly dispersed subnanometric Au/TiO2 catalyst

The increase in the consumption of fossil fuels led not only to the increase of atmospheric CO2 level, but also to the increment in sulfur pollutants production, such as SO2. The electrochemical SO2 oxidation reaction (SO2OR) was already shown to be efficiently catalyzed by Au and, to further develop the technological knowledge in this field, the application of nanostructured Au catalysts is highly desirable. Herein we present a highly dispersed subnanometric Au/TiO2 catalyst as active material for SO2OR. The Tafel analysis revealed a change in the reaction mechanism and a substantial increase of the electrocatalytic reaction activity compared to bulk Au, even at conditions where bulk Au presented low activity, such as H2SO4 electrolyte. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results led to the conclusion that TiO2 is also involved in the reaction, since not only the oxide time constant changes with the applied potential but also adsorbed intermediates were observed. This EIS response is probably related to the Au/TiO2 interface, which reflects on the oxide time constant.

Factor analysis of gas wells’ operating parameters

The paper discusses methodological approaches to the use of deterministic factor analysis for identifying the sources of changes in gas wells’ parameters under steady-state gas inflow obeying linear and non-linear filtration laws. Factor analysis methods make it possible to quantify the degree of influence of individual factors on the deviation of the indicator under study. In accordance with the methodology of factor analysis, mathematical models of the factor system were substantiated for linear and non-linear gas filtration, a set of factors of influence was determined, and ready-made solutions for factor analysis of gas wells’ operating parameters were obtained. In the paper, the method of weighted finite differences was substantiated and investigated with the aim of factor analyzing gas wells’ mode of operation and obtaining formulas to calculate the increment in gas production caused by changes in factors. Approbation of working formulas for assessing the degree of influence of factors on either positive or negative deviations in the gas flow rate was carried out with respect to the parameters of the wells of underground gas storages in the cycles of withdrawal and injection. The obtained formulas for factor analysis of gas wells make it possible to quantify the influence of such factors as reservoir and bottomhole pressures, filtration resistance coefficients, on the deviation of gas flow rate. Further ranking of wells by factors constitutes the basis for managing gas withdrawal (injection) processes and for well interventions planning.

Identification of Potential Diuretic and Laxative Drug Candidates from Avicennia officinalis L. Bark through In Vivo Mice Model Studies and In Vitro Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Docking Analysis.

Background Avicennia officinalis is a medicinal plant that has traditionally been used as a diuretic, anti-infective, and antiasthmatic. Our investigation was designed to explore the diuretic and laxative potentials of different fractions of this plant's bark extract as well as the identification of possible drug candidates for the activity. Methods Collected bark was extracted in ethanol and fractionated in different polar and nonpolar solvents, i.e., water, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Phytoconstituents were identified following the published protocols and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the diuretic test, Na+ and K+ ions were measured using a flame photometer whereas the Cl− ion content was measured by titrimetric method against AgNO3. In the laxative test, feces amount and consistency were also measured. Molecular docking analysis was conducted using the “Vina Wizard” program in PyRx-Python Prescription 0.8. Results Phytochemical analysis indicated that alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, and terpenoids were detected in the most bioactive crude extracts, whereas alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and gums were found in bioactive n-hexane fraction and steroids, glycosides, and terpenoids were found positive in chloroform fraction. Almost all the fractions demonstrated a dose-dependent increment of stool production with a soft consistency; however, the chloroform fraction was found to be the most active (p < 0.001). The crude extract and n-hexane fractions significantly increased (p < 0.01) the urinary output at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. The concentrations of Na+, K+, and Cl− in collected urine were found to be more compared with the control group. The GC-MS analysis identified seven compounds in bioactive n-hexane fraction (phenolic and ester-type mainly) whereas seven other compounds (acidic and ester-type mainly) were identified in chloroform fraction. In molecular docking, two drug candidates of this extract (2,4-bis(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol and 2-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxo-1,1-diphenylethyl]phenyl]-2-phenylacetic acid) showed excellent binding affinity with the receptor compared with furosemide. Conclusion A. officinalis bark might be a potential source of bioactive compounds for treating hypertension, edema, and constipation.

Modeling Horizontal Single Axis Solar Tracker Upon Sun-Earth Geometric Relationships

Many investments and commitments have recently been set to use renewable energy source, overcome energy crisis and align with climate target. Solar power development and deployment make investment in power generation sustainability. The goal of this study is harvesting energy by rotating solar panel toward the sun direction. Astronomical formula is derivate to calculate the sun altitude and azimuth depending on given latitude, longitude coordination. The photovoltaic (PV) panels rotate horizontally and track the sun direction in 9 positions regarding to their actual time and calculated azimuth angle. Partial shaded effectiveness that produces between the adjacent panels due to PV panel’s inclination is calculate accordingly. The total increment of power production from fix to tracked panel structure is 17.3% per day. The extra power generation is distributed over the period between solar noon times.

A NEW APPROACH FOR USING CAD AND PLM INTEGRATION

During the last decades, a tight and efficient integration between the CAD and the PLM systems used in complex shipbuilding products, definition, manufacturing and operation has become a more and more important matter, in order to ensure design efficiency, avoid design errors, prevent wasting time in using wrong data or, simply, to provide a common environment in which different organizations and partners working in the same shipbuilding design programs must share their data and follow common procedures. When we talk about CAD and PLM integration, we must distinguish between CAD systems that use individual files to store the data (files that must be put under a PLM system control to be properly managed) and CAD applications that use their own database as a data repository. The first one is a classic mechanical CAD to PLM integration approach, while the second is actually a proper case of systems integration, as both applications make use of their own database and both of them have to be maintained linked and synchronized, in order to guarantee data consistency and, as well, to ensure that the principle of the PLM as the “single point of truth” is maintained. In this paper, we will be focus on the database CAD systems approach, the one used for a complete integration between FORAN and Teamcenter, where there is an increment in productivity and ease of use go together when using these new capabilities.

The Determinants of ESG for Community LOHASism Sustainable Development Strategy

Owing to the increasing trends of the LOHAS lifestyle (LOHASism) adopted by a majority of Taiwanese communities, most community development associations have begun to explore the most effective LOHASism sustainable development strategies for advancing a high-quality lifestyle for these extensive community residents. Hence, this research cross-employed the three core principles in LOHASism, three analytical dimensions (environment, society and governance) of Environment Society and Governance (ESG) and 17 evaluated sustainable indexes of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in order to effectively induce the determinants of ESG for a community LOHASism sustainable development strategy. Significantly, the three most valuable conclusions and contributive findings are: (1) the main research question has been comprehensively solved through interdisciplinary analyses of the consolidation among the three principles (Dogood, Feelgood, Lookgood) of LOHASism, three dimensions of ESG and 17 evaluated sustainable indexes of the SDGs; (2) the highest scale of standardized comparative weights was located in the Positively Promoting Community Development Sustainability (PPCDS) of 0.7194, which means LOHASism, ESG and SDGs did positively promote community sustainable development in order and empirically achieved the brief research goal; and (3) industry, innovation and infrastructure (III), reduced inequality and responsible consumption and production in the governance of the EGS into LOHASism were the highest three weighted scales in the Positively Promoting Community Development Sustainability (PPCDS). This means that most community’s residents expect the advancement of innovation and infrastructure (III), the improvement of reduced inequality and the increment of responsible consumption and production to be the top three critical sustainable development strategies in their community development governance in order to advance the most residents to be good-looking and have body health.

A generic scenario analysis of end-of-life plastic management: Chemical additives

Plastic growing demand and the increment in global plastics production have raised the number of spent plastics, out of which over 90% are either landfilled or incinerated. Both methods for handling spent plastics are susceptible to releasing toxic substances, damaging air, water, soil, organisms, and public health. Improvements to the existing infrastructure for plastics management are needed to limit chemical additive release and exposure resulting from the end-of-life (EoL) stage. This article analyzes the current plastic waste management infrastructure and identifies chemical additive releases through a material flow analysis. Additionally, we performed a facility-level generic scenario analysis of the current U.S. EoL stage of plastic additives to track and estimate their potential migration, releases, and occupational exposure. Potential scenarios were analyzed through sensitivity analysis to examine the merit of increasing recycling rates, using chemical recycling, and implementing additive extraction post-recycling. Our analyses identified that the current state of plastic EoL management possesses high mass flow intensity toward incineration and landfilling. Although maximizing the plastic recycling rate is a reasonably straightforward goal for enhancing material circularity, the conventional mechanical recycling method requires improvement because major chemical additive release and contamination routes act as obstacles to achieving high-quality plastics for future reuse and should be mitigated through chemical recycling and additive extraction. The potential hazards and risks identified in this research create an opportunity to design a safer closed-loop plastic recycling infrastructure to handle additives strategically and support sustainable materials management efforts to transform the US plastic economy from linear to circular.

Dendritic cells drive profibrotic inflammation and aberrant T cell polarization in systemic sclerosis.

SSc is a devastating autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and obliterative vasculopathy affecting the skin and visceral organs. While the processes mediating excessive extracellular matrix deposition and fibroblast proliferation are clear, the exact link between autoimmunity and fibrosis remains elusive. Th17 cells have been proposed as critical drivers of profibrotic inflammation during SSc, but little is known about the immune components supporting their pathogenic role. Our aim was to determine cytokine responses of stimulated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) and to determine how they influence T-cell cytokine production in SSc. Dendritic cells (DCs) activate and shape T cell differentiation by producing polarizing cytokines. Hence, we investigated the cytokine responses of monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) from patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc), diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) and healthy controls (HCs) after stimulation with toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. Also, using co-culture assays, we analysed T cell subpopulations after contact with autologous TLR-activated Mo-DCs. In general, we observed an increased production of Th17-related cytokines like IL-1β, IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22 by SSc compared with HC Mo-DCs, with variations between lcSSc vs dcSSc and early- vs late-stage subgroups. Noticeably, we found a significant increment in IL-33 production by Mo-DCs in all SSc cases regardless of their clinical phenotype. Strikingly, T cells displayed Th2, Th17 and dual Th2-Th17 phenotypes after exposure to autologous TLR-stimulated Mo-DCs from SSc patients but not HCs. These changes were pronounced in individuals with early-stage dcSSc and less significant in the late-stage lcSSc subgroup. Our findings suggest that functional alterations of DCs promote immune mechanisms favouring the aberrant T cell polarization and profibrotic inflammation behind clinical SSc heterogeneity.

344.1: C-Reactive Protein and Urea Levels Distinguish Primary Non-function From Early Allograft Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation

Introduction: A spectrum of graft dysfunction occurs after liver transplantation (LT), ranging from early allograft dysfunction (EAD) to primary non-function (PNF). There are no single or uniformly accepted laboratory parameters that differentiate these entities. Several biochemical markers are exclusively made in the liver, including urea, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. However, these are given les prominence than transaminases, bilirubin and International Normalised Ratio (INR). The aim of this study was to determine if routinely measured serum biochemical markers can distinguish PNFfrom EAD in the initial 48 hours following deceased donor liver transplantation. Methods: A retrospective study of all adult patients that underwent LTat our institution between January 2010 and April 2020 was performed. Patients that experienced graft loss from a complication other than PNF in the initial 14 days were excluded. Patients were grouped into an immediate graft function (IGF), EAD, and a PNF groups. The absolute values and trends of CRP, blood urea, serum transaminases, INR and fibrinogen in the initial post-operative 48 hours were compared between groups. Biochemical factors found to be significantly different between groups on univariable analysis were further investigated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) value was reported, and the Youden index was used to identify the optimum cut-off values. Results: During the study period, 2102 LTs were performed and 1937 were eligible for inclusion. There were 1394 patients with IGF (72%), 503 with EAD (26%) and 40 with PNF (2%) patients according to the study definition. A significantly greater proportion of grafts were from donors following cardiac death (DCD) in the PNF group compared to the EAD group (45% vs. 29%; p=0.04). The median (IQR) of each variable and the accuracy in distinguishing PNF from EAD is demonstrated in table 1 and 2 respectively. Lack of an increment in CRP (Day 2:1; 1.43 v 1.77, P=0.01) and urea production between on day 1 and 2 (Day 2:1; 0.71 vs 1.32, P=<0.01). The CRP level was significantly lower in the group that experienced PNF on both day 1 and 2 (Day 1; 20 v 43, P=<0.01, Day 2: 24 v 47, p=<0.01,). Urea production was significantly lower on post-operative day 2 in the PNF group (Day 2; 5.1 v 9.0, p=<0.01). An aspartate transaminase (AST) threshold of 2409 IU/L on post operative day 2 had the highest accuracy in distinguishing PNF from EAD (AUC; 0.83, Sensitivity: 81.3%, Specificity 81.4%). Discussion: CRP and AST are more effective than ALT and bilirubin in distinguishing PNF from EAD in the initial post operative 48 hours. Clinicians should consider the values of these markers when making treatment decisions for patients with early liver allograft dysfunction.

The Effect of NaOH and LaCoO3 Perovskite on HHO Gas Production Rate

Utilization of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, require a technology to store energy since production and consumption energy isn’t always at the same time. Hydrogen appears as an alternative solution to store energy since it has high energy density and can be easily obtained from water by electrolysis reaction. Electrolysis produces hydrogen and oxygen gas and when it combines forming HHO gas. There are many factors that can influence HHO gas production, such as electrolyte concentration and utilization of catalyst. In this research, we observed the effect of NaOH electrolyte concentration and catalyst LaCoO3 concentration toward production of HHO gas. Catalyst LaCoO3 is synthesized by sol-gel method with calcination over 900°C, however particle of LaCoO3 that formed still submicron-sized. To obtain catalyst LaCoO3 that disperse in electrolyte suspension, it is treated by beads milling process to minimize the size of particle. Experiment result showed that increasing NaOH electrolyte concentration will affect to increment of HHO gas production. The most optimal HHO gas production from all variation of catalyst LaCoO3 is when using 3 M of NaOH electrolyte concentration. However, addition of catalyst LaCoO3 in suspension electrolyte will drop HHO gas production.

Nutritional Value and In Vitro Volatile Fatty Acid Production of Forage Grasses Cultivated Using Farmyard Manure and Desmodium intortum Intercropping in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

Integrating farmyard manure (FYM) and legume intercropping improves soil chemical and microbial properties, thereby increasing forage productivity and nutritional value. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how fertilizer treatments affected the chemical composition, in vitro gas production and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and volatile fatty acid production (VFA) of Napier and desho grasses in the upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia. Apart from ether extract content, the chemical composition of the fertilizer treatments in the Aba Gerima watershed did not differ significantly, whereas significant differences were observed in acid detergent fiber and crude protein contents at the Guder watershed. In both watersheds, Napier grass had significantly higher crude protein levels than desho grass. In Aba Gerima, ash content was significantly higher in 2018 than in 2019, but not in Guder. For Napier and desho grasses, there were an increment in IVOMD (6.7 vs 4.7%), metabolizable energy (5.5 vs 4.5%), and VFA production (23.1 vs 3.0%) in the Desmodium intortum plus FYM treatment than in the control in Aba Gerima. In Guder, however, IVOMD (13.7 vs 4.6%), metabolizable energy (13.3 vs 3.3%), and VFA production (11.2 vs 5.6%) increased in the same treatment for Napier and desho grasses than in the control. This study suggests that the Desmodium intortum plus FYM improves the nutritional value, IVOMD, and VFA production of Napier and desho grasses in dryland areas of the upper Blue Nile basin, facilitating their growth as alternative livestock feed for better production in these areas.

Environmental Assessment of an Innovative High-Performance Experimental Agriculture Field

To increase food availability, optimizing production systems and reducing burdens related to human activities is essential in a scenario of population growth and limited natural resources. In this context, the life cycle methodology can represent a valuable asset for assessing the environmental performance of agricultural products and services. This study sought to investigate and characterize potential impacts of an experimental tomato field at the University of Perugia and evaluate if the production increment obtained using high-reflective mulching compensated for the emissions caused by this extra component. The first-year crop campaign was the baseline reference to measure the system’s efficiency. A CML baseline method applied demonstrated that the covered field (F1) was associated with more than 23 kg CO2 eq emissions (25% attributed to the mulch) in comparison to about 18 kg CO2 eq of the non-covered sector (F2). In addition, electronic components and drainage systems were linked with most toxicity indicators. However, the F1 field’s higher productivity compensated for the mulch impact, resulting in 9% lower CO2 equivalent emissions per kg yield in the first year and 18% lower each year for 30 years. The results encourage application of this approach in urban contexts with several benefits.

INFLUENCE OF SOME SOLANUM ROOTSTOCKS ON EGGPLANT CROPS FROM ROMANIA

Some results regarding the influence of some Solanum rootstocks on eggplant crops from Romania are in this study. Eggplants are popular vegetables all around the world. Among the grafting aims are fruit yield and quality. Eggplant grafting has been a tradition for over 15 years at the Horting Institute from Bucharest. Grafting combinations used have been the S. melongena scions (Aragon F1 from Hazera, Israel and Luiza variety from the Research–Development Institute Vidra, Romania), the S. lycopersicum x S. habrochaites rootstock (Emperador F1 from Rijk Zwaan, Nethelands) and the S. melongena rootstock (L23B eggplant hybrid from germplasm colection of the Research Station Buzău, Romania). By comparing the fruit yield and carbohydrates content of the grafted or non-grafted variants, the grafted eggplants have had outstanding results, values higher than at control eggplants. Production increment has been up to 25.44% (Luiza x Emperador). Carbohydrate content has increased up to 0.14% (Aragon x Emperador). Researches on the identification of some rootstocks compatible with eggplant scions continues in Romania.

Comparison of various approaches in numerical modeling of well stimulation methods

This paper a numerical simulation of methods of intensification of flow to the well by using various approaches. To simulate the hydrochloric acid impact, an approach was applied based on changing the well productivity factor, as well as an approach that consisted of using a chemical reaction in a hydrodynamic model. The criteria for qualitative forecasting of technological development indicators was the actual data on one of the wells of the analogous field of the object. As a result of calculations on the example of a actual field in the conditions of extended horizontal wells, increments of additional oil production were obtained with applying various approaches of modeling the process of hydrochloric acid treatment. It was revealed that in the conditions of extended horizontal wells, the use of negative values of skin factors increases oil production by several times in comparison with the approach of compositional modeling with the occurrence of chemical reactions. Sensitivity analysis to the volume and concentration of the injected acid was carried out by using specialized software. It was concluded that as a result of the chemical reaction in compositional modeling, the effect of hydrochloric acid treatment significantly depends on the composition of the rock, the reaction rate, the concentration and volume of the injected acid. Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing was modeled by using a planar fracture system tool and discrete fracture system model. A slight discrepancy between the results of calculating the hydrodynamic model between these methods for modeling multi-stage hydraulic fracturing was identified.

Operation of hydroelectric plants without storage volume due to optimization of the turbine flow

Hydroelectric power plants in diversion scheme systems utilize the water flowing through the river, since they present the necessary facilities and infrastructures to channel and harness the water, without having in their initial conception any storage systems. This type of power stations are designed and automated to operate between certain limits of water head, working with “constant head”, using the heads available at any moment. The operating limits are determined by the “nominal flow” for which the power plant has been designed and the “minimal technical flow” which corresponds to the minimum value of the flow with which the plant can work, which depends on each type of turbine. By means of the presented optimization algorithms we can take advantage of those periods of time with low levels of flow (low water levels) to utilize the channels in the power station as storage elements of flow under the technical minimum, making the power plant undergo sequential cycles of emptying/filling of channels, allowing for the energetic exploitation, that will be denoted as “optimal flow”.In this article, we intend to determine how we can adapt each type of turbine to the new optimization algorithms proposed, establishing the increments in production obtained for each type of turbine and the possibility of applying the “optimal flow" algorithms.

Removal of dye pollution by an oxidase derived from mutagenesis of the Deuteromycete Myrothecium with high potential in industrial applications

It is estimated that over 700,000 tons of synthetic dyes are produced annually, 15% of which are emitted as effluents. These highly stable dyes enter the world water ecosystems and stay in the environment, and eventually cause adverse impacts to the environment. Current wastewater treatment methods, such as filtration, coagulation, and chemical oxidation, have sideeffects, including toxic residue formation, membrane fouling, bioaccumulation, and secondary pollutant formation. Given the issues mentioned, it is necessary to study how to improve the degradation of synthetic dye with a cost-effective and ecofriendly approach. Natural oxidation provides a greener option. Recently, Deuteromycetes fungus Myrothecium verrucaria G-1 (M. verrucaria G-1) has shown great potential in producing high level of dye oxidase. This study aims to generate a dye oxidase hyperproducer, 3H6 from M. verrucaria G-1 by using atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This method increases oxidase production by nearly 106.15%. After a simple precipitation and dialysis, this mutant oxidase increases by 1.97-fold in a specific activity with dye degradation rates at 70% for Mmethylene blue (MB) and 85% for Congo red (CR). It is found that the genetic stability of 3H6 remains active for ten generations. The size of oxidase is 65 kDa, and optimum temperature for reaction is 30 °C with 4.5 pH. This study presents that the first combined mutagenesis approach by ARPT-UV on fungus species generates an impressive increment of acid dye oxidases production. As such, this method presents a cost-effective alternative to mitigate hazardous dye pollution.

Honeybee Colony Management Practices and Identification of Honeybee Floras in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia

The art and science of managing and breeding honeybee colonies in the artificial hive for the sake of the economy are known as beekeeping or apiculture. It contributes to the increment of food and cash crop products through pollination services and protects and stabilizes fragile environments. The sector depends on floras to survive and produce honeybee products. Those plants were categorized as either nectar or pollen or both depending on their content. Assess the honeybee colony management practice and identification of honeybee flora intended to document the indigenous knowledge for the establishment of the best management decisions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the honeybee colony management practices and identify the honeybee floras in eastern Amhara, Ethiopia. This study was conducted in the selected district of eastern Amhara based on the relative suitability and potential for beekeeping. A questionary survey was conducted for 122 beekeepers. Additionally, key informant interviews and honey pollen analysis were performed to support the questionary survey. The result of this study showed the beekeeper farmers had trouble with seasonal feed shortages for their honeybee colonies besides absconding and swarming were also prominent in the area. Furthermore, this study revealed that about 104 bee flora species were identified, which include shrubs, trees, herbs, and crops with the major proportion of shrubs. Most honeybee floras were perennial plants. Additionally, the seasonal bee forage fluctuation could be categorized into dearth, moderate, and honey flow season. The dearth period occurred from January-March and July-August. The moderate period was from April-June, and the honey flow period was from September-November. Therefore, seasonal management of the colonies should be adjusted with the dearth periods. Further study must be done about the frequency and density of the honeybee plants.

A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT PRACTICES: A CASE APPROACH

Employee Engagement is just as critical for both workers and additionally the business. All real associations concur that there is an association between employee engagement and productivity increment through engaging employees in the workplace which prompts increment in yield, expanded deals, purchaser joy, and representative maintenance. Employee engagement is imperative keeping in mind the end goal to shape an enthusiastic association in the middle of representatives and the organization which affects their state of mind towards the organization's customers, and along these lines, it also enhances consumer loyalty and administration levels. This paper attempts to understand the concept and significance of Employee engagement. It further aims to present the case of Sidmak Laboratories (I) Pvt. Ltd. with reference to the Employee Engagement Practices. A Case study approach was conducted with the help of an independent study done at Sidmak Laboratories by the Researcher as an Internship project. Employee Engagement is pretty essential for Human Resources, an engaged employee potentially performs better than a non-engaged employee. Various engagement practices at the Organisation helps the Human Resources to engage further and contribute better.

Flow behaviors and residual oil characteristics of water flooding assisted by multi-effect viscosity reducer in extra heavy oil reservoir

Although waterflooding treatment assisted by traditional viscosity reducer yields additional oil recovery, this increments in production sometimes cannot meet the production requirements. To solve this problem, it is necessary to analyze and understand the flow mechanism of heavy oils in the waterflooding process assisted by the viscosity reducer. This study employed an etched glass micro-model to visualize the flow behavior of heavy oils under assistance of a novel multi-functional viscosity reducer with the condition of high temperature and ultra-heavy oil. The water flooding and novel viscosity reducer flooding experiments were carried out, and the state and shape of the remaining oil phase were observed from the global perspective and the microscopic local perspective in the etching micro-glass. Results show that the viscosity reducer solution can not only greatly reduce viscosity of heavy oil but also decrease oil-water interface tension. In the waterflooding process, the continuous oil group and long oil slug are the main characteristics of remaining heavy oil in the reservoir. By waterflooding with the new viscosity-reducer, the remaining oils exist as short slug and droplet, and 3 times wider flooding area for fluid-flow was observed than conventional waterfloodings.