Incremental Process Research Articles

Process of Creating an Integrated Design and Manufacturing Environment as Part of the Structure of Industry 4.0

This paper presents the process for creating an integrated design and manufacturing environment supporting 3D printing as part of the structure of Industry 4.0. This process is based on a developed framework for the design of modern automated and computerized infrastructure. The task of the described system is to combine all the steps included in the operating range of incremental systems based on an IT platform by integrating data from individual areas, such as IT systems supporting remote 3D printing. The proposed framework for incremental processes is a universal solution that can be defined in detail by a single organizational unit running 3D printing, as well as by a cluster of entities related to 3D printing. In the initial phase, the framework design includes a set of guidelines for IT (Information Technology) systems that facilitate the construction of individual elements and the creation of communication interfaces. In subsequent stages, the framework may already implement elements of the access and communication program interface, as well as guidelines for the industrial components to be included. The proposed framework for additive technologies is based on modern IT tools that enable the creation of geographically and functionally possible prototyping systems that can be integrated into the structure of Industry 4.0. To create optimal processes and economic systems, the principles of the construction and integration of individual services and equipment were developed. This new comprehensive approach is proposed in the present paper as a coherent framework. Moreover, the proposed solution has great potential for use in the design and production processes of various industries, such as chemicals, materials and construction.

Independent increment processes: a multilinearity preserving property

ABSTRACT We observe a multilinearity preserving property of conditional expectation for infinite-dimensional independent increment processes defined on some abstract Banach space B. It is similar in nature to the polynomial preserving property analysed greatly for finite-dimensional stochastic processes and thus offers an infinite-dimensional generalization. However, while polynomials are defined using the multiplication operator and as such require a Banach algebra structure, the multilinearity preserving property we prove here holds even for processes defined on a Banach space which is not necessarily a Banach algebra. In the special case of B being a commutative Banach algebra, we show that independent increment processes are polynomial processes in a sense that coincides with a canonical extension of polynomial processes from the finite-dimensional case. The assumption of commutativity is shown to be crucial and in a non-commutative Banach algebra the multilinearity concept arises naturally. Some of our results hold beyond independent increment processes and thus shed light on infinite-dimensional polynomial processes in general.

Value co-creation in sustainable tourism: A service-dominant logic approach

To mainstream sustainability, we need to understand the value gained from sustainability by users. We apply a user-centred design methodology to develop an agile, iterative, incremental and reflexive process to understand the sustainability value proposition for Lufthansa City Center travel agents. We analyse the failure of sustainability communications within the online platforms used by these agents and explore why the agents factor out sustainability information during the customer sales process. We identify how agents and customers understand sustainability, and we explore opportunities to co-create sustainability value. Furthermore, we prototype, and then test, methods of empowering travel agents to communicate sustainability to their customers as a value-adding proposition.

We Are Here! Claim-making and Claim-placing of Undocumented Migrants in Amsterdam

ABSTRACT Through everyday practices, excluded and marginalised undocumented migrants struggle for citizenship, question bordering practices, and can achieve forms of inclusion incrementally. Based on an ethnographic case study in Amsterdam, this article evidences and theorises these piecemeal struggles of undocumented migrants. We show how undocumented migrants—discursively and spatially—claim ‘the right to have rights’. We demonstrate how forms of inclusion emerge as the result of ‘claim-making’: by making appeals to human rights, the use of (limited) legal rights, and identity claims. We combine the analysis of claim-making with research into an understudied but highly relevant process of ‘claim-placing’, which refers to how the use (public) spaces and places can add weight to discursive claim-making. We demonstrate that an incremental process of ‘claim-making’ and ‘claim-placing’ leads to a slightly increased recognition as political subjects and forms of inclusion.

UAV MISSION PLANNING FOR AUTOMATIC EXPLORATION AND SEMANTIC MAPPING

Abstract. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are used for the inspection of areas which are otherwise difficult to access. Autonomous monitoring and navigation requires a background knowledge on the surroundings of the vehicle. Most mission planing systems assume collision-free pre-defined paths and do not tolerate a GPS signal outage. Our approach makes weaker assumptions. This paper introduces a mission planing platform allowing for the integration of environmental prior knowledge such as 3D building and terrain models. This prior knowledge is integrated to pre-compute an octomap for collision detection. The semantically rich building models are used to specify semantic user queries such as roof or facade inspection. A reasoning process paves the way for semantic mission planing of hidden and a-priori unknown objects. Subsequent scene interpretation is performed by an incremental parsing process.

Representation of Modes of Variability in Six U.S. Climate Models

AbstractWe compare the performance of several modes of variability across six U.S. climate modeling groups, with a focus on identifying robust improvements in recent models [including those participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP)] compared to previous versions. In particular, we examine the representation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the tropical stratosphere, and the dominant modes of extratropical variability, including the southern annular mode (SAM), the northern annular mode (NAM) [and the closely related North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)], and the Pacific–North American pattern (PNA). Where feasible, we explore the processes driving these improvements through the use of “intermediary” experiments that utilize model versions between CMIP3/5 and CMIP6 as well as targeted sensitivity experiments in which individual modeling parameters are altered. We find clear and systematic improvements in the MJO and QBO and in the teleconnection patterns associated with the PDO and ENSO. Some gains arise from better process representation, while others (e.g., the QBO) from higher resolution that allows for a greater range of interactions. Our results demonstrate that the incremental development processes in multiple climate model groups lead to more realistic simulations over time.

Research on Green Energy Saving ECO Intelligent System Engineering Cycle

With the improvement of living standards, the national coverage of heaters is also higher. From the original only the northern part of the installation of heating devices, to the south of the central area has also installed heaters, and even some people in the southern area installed heaters. With the increase in sales volume and fierce competition, companies need to reform and innovate products to meet the higher requirements of customers for energy-saving effects, comfort and safety. The design of the heater involves theories of structure, integrated circuit, program algorithm, aerodynamics, heat transfer and so on. Due to the technical level and cost constraints of enterprises, few companies can produce safe, energy-saving, moisturizing and comfortable heaters suitable for the public. In this study, the green energy-saving circulating heater of ECO intelligent system adopts the incremental ECO processing algorithm, with the single-chip STC89C52 as the main control chip system, combined with the peripheral STC89C52 temperature data acquisition, HIH-3010 humidity data collector, A/D Conversion module, keyboard settings, LCD1602 liquid crystal display and other circuit modules. This design realizes the temperature value that the heater provides the user with the optimum indoor temperature value and sets the heating according to the user’s needs. When the set temperature value is reached or the temperature is high, the controller will control the heating element to reduce power or automatically power off to achieve safe power saving effect.

Menachem Begin and the Israel-Egypt Peace Process: Between Ideology and Political Realism

Menachem Begin and the Israel-Egypt Peace Process: Between Ideology and Political Realism

Selection and Development of Language Resources in Subsidiaries: The Case of Japanese MNCs in Asia

Although there have been conceptual and theoretical works that describe how multinational companies (MNCs) can leverage the multilingual environment, we still know little about how MNCs deal with language diversity in their foreign subsidiaries. To address the research gap, we conducted a qualitative case study with 83 subsidiaries of Japanese MNCs in 9 Asian countries as a preliminary investigation and 34 subsidiaries of Japanese NNCs in China as a more in-depth examination. We found that in the MNCs’ multilingual environment that includes parent language, local language, and English as the three main language options for the subsidiaries, the subsidiaries select their functional language based on the strategic and knowledge sourcing perspectives. The subsidiaries then mobilize and allocate managerial resources to develop distinctive language resources. Based on the findings, we developed a model that integrates strategy-oriented language selection and incremental development process of language resources in MNCs’ foreign subsidiaries. The findings and the proposed model support the view that language diversity in MNCs can be valuable resources and provide the deeper understanding about how MNCs’ foreign subsidiaries develop distinctive language resources tuning to their strategic mission and knowledge source.

Achieving Quality Forest and Landscape Restoration in the Tropics

Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) is being carried out across the world to meet ambitious global goals. However, the scale of these efforts combined with the timeframe in which they are supposed to take place may compromise the quality of restoration, and thus limit the persistence of restoration on the landscape. This paper presents a synthesis of ten case studies identified as FLR to critically analyse implemented initiatives, their outcomes, and main challenges, with an eye to improving future efforts. The identified FLR projects are diverse in terms of their spatial coverage, objectives; types of interventions; and initial socioeconomic, institutional, and environmental conditions. The six principles of FLR—which have been widely adopted in theory by large global organisations—are inadequately addressed across the initiatives presented here. The identified FLR project or interventions, although expected to offer diverse benefits, face many challenges including the lack of long-term sustainability of project interventions, limited uptake by regional and national agencies, limited monitoring, reporting and learning, poor governance structures, and technical barriers, which are mainly owing to institutional weaknesses. On the basis of these cases, we propose that the best pathway to achieving FLR is via an incremental process in which a smaller number of more achievable objectives are set and implemented over time, rather than setting highly ambitious targets that implementers struggle to achieve.

Testing of fractional Brownian motion in a noisy environment

Fractional Brownian motion (FBM) is the only Gaussian self-similar process with stationary increments. Its increment process, called fractional Gaussian noise, is ergodic and exhibits a property of power-like decaying autocorrelation function (ACF) which leads to the notion of long memory. These properties have made FBM important in modelling real-world data recorded in different experiments ranging from biology to telecommunication. These experiments are often disturbed by a noise which source can be just the instrument error. In this paper we propose a rigorous statistical test based on the ACF for FBM with added white Gaussian noise. To this end we derive a distribution of the test statistic which is given explicitly by the generalized chi-squared distribution. This allows us to find critical regions for the test with a given significance level. We check the quality of the introduced test by studying its power and comparing with other tests existing in the literature. We also note that the introduced test procedure can be applied to an arbitrary Gaussian process.

The temporal dynamics of first and second language processing: ERPs to spoken words in Mandarin-English bilinguals

The dynamics of bilingual spoken word recognition remain poorly characterized, especially for individuals who speak two languages that are highly dissimilar in their phonological and morphological structure. The present study compared first language (L1) and second language (L2) spoken word processing within a group of adult Mandarin-English bilinguals (N = 34; ages 18–25). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants completed the same cross-modal matching task separately in their L1 Mandarin and L2 English. This task consisted of deciding whether spoken words matched pictures of items. Pictures and spoken words either matched (e.g., Mandarin: TANG2-tang2; English: BELL-bell), or differed in word-initial phonemes (e.g., Mandarin: TANG2-lang2; English: BELL-shell), word-final phonemes (e.g., Mandarin: TANG2-tao2; English: BELL-bed), or whole words (e.g., Mandarin: TANG2-xia1: English: BELL-ham). Each mismatch type was associated with a pattern of modulation of the Phonological Mapping Negativity, the N400, and the Late N400 that was distinct from those of the other mismatch types yet similar between the two languages. This was interpreted as evidence of incremental processing with similar temporal dynamics in both languages. These findings support models of spoken word recognition in bilingual individuals that adopt an interactive-activation framework for both L1 and L2 processing.

Fundamental host range of Lophodiplosis indentata (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), the last proposed biological control agent for Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae) in Florida

ABSTRACT Melaleuca quinquenervia (hereafter melaleuca) was until recently one of the worst ecological invaders in Florida. Introduced for horticulture and levee stabilisation during the early twentieth century, melaleuca spread to cover vast areas of the largest freshwater wetlands ecosystem in North America, The Everglades. From 1997 until 2008, four insects and an associated nematode were approved and released for control of melaleuca, three of which are known to have established. Biological control is frequently a slow and incremental process, but with the integration of complimentary control methods (e.g. chemical and mechanical removal), melaleuca infestations are a fraction of their former range. These few persistent infestations are facilitated by conditions that prevent one species, Oxyops vitiosa, the melaleuca snout weevil, from completing its life cycle, which prompted the testing of and application to release Lophodiplosis indentata (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). This leaf gall forming midge feeds within pea-shaped growths distributed throughout the canopy. No-choice host range tests suggest that L. indentata will occasionally oviposit on unsuitable host plants, but gall induction and formation is only accomplished on M. quinquenervia. A petition for the release of L. indentata was recommended by TAG in May 2020. [word count: 181]

Expanding general surveillance of invasive species by integrating citizens as both observers and identifiers

Expanding general surveillance can improve invasive species detection to support eradication. Traditionally, citizens report observations to government agencies and mobile-phone-based tools provide incremental submission and processing efficiencies. However, citizen-reported data have high false positive rates and diagnostics laboratories are not resourced to process large observation volumes. We demonstrate ‘Find-A-Pest’ a partnership model whereby citizens, including Māori groups, and industry representatives both contribute observations and undertake identifications. We combine a mobile-phone-based app, database, and content management system with data linked to iNaturalist NZ. We present data from a 3.5-month case study assessing the effectiveness at delivering improved general surveillance outcomes. Installed by 497 users, there were 471 observations of 176 taxa submitted by 74 individuals. In combination, citizen and industry identifiers processed 99% of observations with only 1% (5 submissions) forwarded to Biosecurity New Zealand. Citizens’ identifications were comprehensive and rapid: 79.4% of submitted observations were identified by citizens with 57.3% and 95.4% of these processed within an hour or day, respectively. Citizen identifications were correct 95.5% of the time. Many observations (56.1%) were of high-priority species profiled in app fact sheets. Find-A-Pest demonstrates that general surveillance partnerships can effectively distribute identification effort, thereby reducing false positive loads within government diagnostics laboratories. Find-A-pest was stable, robust, and endorsed as fit for purpose by users. Achieving biosecurity outcomes, such as early detection to facilitate eradication, will require a much larger-scale participation in Find-A-Pest. We suggest applying behaviour change theory to expand participation across diverse groups in future.

Implementing a Model‐Based, Digital Engineering Enterprise for a Defense Systems Integrator – an Ongoing Journey

AbstractAs the aerospace and defense industry strives to embrace digital engineering transformation, organizations quickly realize that this transformation is much more than just tools or infrastructure. It requires comprehensive change that involves people, process, and technology, and that calls for organizational strategy and stakeholder commitment. This paper provides an overview of an on‐going corporate initiative to develop an enterprise‐wide, model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) and model‐based engineering (MBE) capabilities and to instantiate a transformation of legacy workforce and culture. Our vision is to apply digital engineering (DE) as an enabler to transform legacy, document‐based development stovepipes into a product‐centric, integrated, digital engineering enterprise. At the implementation level, however, it involves a multipronged investment strategy in technology, infrastructure, process, and people, as well as an incremental process of learning and experiments. This paper lays out the architectural vision, implementation approach, and the business rationales. It also attempts to reflect on the journey to date, discussing some of the early successes, hurdles and challenges in implementing the digital engineering initiative for a diverse defense services business.

Dini derivatives and regularity for exchangeable increment processes

Let X X be an exchangeable increment (EI) process whose sample paths are of infinite variation. We prove that for any fixed t t almost surely, lim sup h → 0 ± ( X t + h − X t ) / h = ∞ and lim sup h → 0 ± ( X t + h − X t ) / h = − ∞ . \begin{equation*} \limsup _{h\to 0 \pm } \left (X_{t+h}-X_t\right )/h=\infty \quad \text {and}\quad \limsup _{h\to 0\pm } \left (X_{t+h}-X_t\right )/h=-\infty . \end{equation*} This extends a celebrated result of Rogozin for Lévy processes obtained in 1968 and completes the known picture for finite-variation EI processes. Applications are numerous. For example, we deduce that both half-lines ( − ∞ , 0 ) (-\infty , 0) and ( 0 , ∞ ) (0,\infty ) are visited immediately for infinite variation EI processes (called upward and downward regularity). We also generalize the zero-one law of Millar for Lévy processes by showing continuity of X X when it reaches its minimum in the infinite variation EI case; an analogous result for all EI processes links right and left continuity at the minimum with upward and downward regularity. We also consider results of Durrett, Iglehart, and Miller on the weak convergence of conditioned Brownian bridges to the normalized Brownian excursion considered in \cite{MR0436353} and broadened to a subclass of Lévy processes and EI processes by Chaumont and the second author. We prove it here for all infinite variation EI processes. We furthermore obtain a description of the convex minorant known for Lévy processes found in [Ann. Prob. 40 (2012), pp. 1636–1674] and extend it to non-piecewise linear EI processes. Our main tool to study the Dini derivatives is a change of measure for EI processes which extends the Esscher transform for Lévy processes.

Incremental Comprehension Examined in Event-related Potentials: Word-to-Text Integration and Structure Building

ABSTRACT The study of word-to-text integration (WTI) provides a window on incremental processes that link the meaning of a word to the preceding text. We review a research program using event-related potential indicators of WTI at sentence beginnings, thus localizing sources of integration to prior text meaning independently of the current sentence. The results led to the following conclusions. First, integration occurs when the word being read cues the retrieval of a text meaning from memory. Second, when the word does not cue retrieval, new structure building rather than integration is the default at sentence beginnings. Third, integration depends on a highly accessible text memory. The immediate preceding sentence provides the primary source for integration; however, instructions that encourage attention to thematic elements enable influences of global text meaning. Finally, contrary to the role that prediction may play in comprehension generally, prediction has a limited role in WTI at sentence beginnings.

Automatic generating and spread of a plastic region in PIES

The paper presents the strategy for automatic generating a plastic region in the parametric integral equation system (PIES) and its spread during the incremental process of solving elastoplastic problems. Instead of some preliminary research on the not known a priori plastic zone, it is found automatically on the basis of stresses on the boundary and then it propagates considering the current stress state. The presented strategy requires the PIES method as an efficient approach for solving boundary value problems and several algorithms of computational geometry. The effectiveness of PIES comes from the lack of discretization of the plastic zone, which is defined globally by surface patches known from computer graphics. Several examples provided confirm the validity of the proposed approach.

Exploring the effects of phonetic overlap and background noise on incremental processing in children

Exploring the effects of phonetic overlap and background noise on incremental processing in children

Shared arrangements

Current systems for data-parallel, incremental processing and view maintenance over high-rate streams isolate the execution of independent queries. This creates unwanted redundancy and overhead in the presence of concurrent incrementally maintained queries: each query must independently maintain the same indexed state over the same input streams, and new queries must build this state from scratch before they can begin to emit their first results. This paper introduces shared arrangements : indexed views of maintained state that allow concurrent queries to reuse the same in-memory state without compromising data-parallel performance and scaling. We implement shared arrangements in a modern stream processor and show order-of-magnitude improvements in query response time and resource consumption for incremental, interactive queries against high-throughput streams, while also significantly improving performance in other domains including business analytics, graph processing, and program analysis.