Incremental Build Research Articles

AppYourself Instant Store (Case Study: SMEs Industry in Aceh Province)

The purpose of this study is to implement the use of AppYourself to create an Instant Store that can be used in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Industry in Aceh Province. The Software Development Life Cycle method used is IDI. IDI is a combination of iterative design / iterative method and incremental build model that is used for software development. Testing and measurement based on usability level using the People at the Center of Mobile Application Development (PACMAD) model based on its seven aspects. This research uses Performance Measurement, SUS Questionnaire, NASA-TLX Questionnaire, and RTA Questionnaire in data collection. The data was measured using usability metrics, statistical tests, and calculation formulas from the questionnaire. The results of this study have succeeded in making an application called InstantStore by involving several stages from data collection to testing. The results of the initial test or pre-evaluation and final testing or post-evaluation, it can be concluded that after an evaluation by designing a prototype of improvement recommendations using the rules of The 4 Golden Rules Of User Interface Design, there is a significant increase, based on the results of statistical tests on testing Pre-evaluation shows that there are significant differences between respondents in South Aceh Regency and Banda Aceh City on aspects of efficiency, memorability, satisfaction, and cognitive load. In addition to the aspects of effectiveness, learnability, and errors there is no significant difference between respondents. While the results obtained from statistical tests in the final test (post-evaluation) there are no differences between respondents to the seven aspects of the usability of the PACMAD model.

Adhesion of Different Resin Cements to Zirconia: Effect of Incremental versus Bulk Build Up, Use of Mould and Ageing.

Bonding to zirconia presents a great challenge, as the clinical guidelines for predictable adhesion are not sufficiently validated. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of various bonding methodologies of various resin cements on zirconia, using different aging protocols. Manufactured zirconia specimens (N = 300 and n = 20 per group) were randomly assigned to three luting protocols: 1—in mould incremental build up; 2—in mould incremental build up with mould removal; 3—in mould non-incremental bulk build up. Five dual, photo- and chemical-cure resin cements were used, namely, Variolink Esthetic (Ivoclar), Tetric (Ivoclar), Panavia (Kuraray), TheraCem (Bisco), and RelyX UniCem (3M ESPE), and were applied on primed zirconia using photopolymerization protocols. Thereafter, the specimens were subjected to the following three ageing methods: 1—dry; 2—thermocycling (×5000; 5–55 °C); 3—3–6 months of water storage. Using a universal testing machine, the specimens were loaded under shear, at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. An analysis of the data was performed using three-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni method. The moulding type, ageing and luting cement significantly affected the results (p < 0.05). Among all the protocols under dry conditions, TheraCem (16 ± 3; 11 ± 1; 16 ± 3) showed the best bond strength, while, after thermocycling, TheraCem (7 ± 2) and Tetric (7 ± 2) performed the best with Protocol 1. In Protocol 2, RelyX (7 ± 3) presented the highest result, followed by TheraCem (5 ± 3) and Tetric (5 ± 1) (p < 0.05). Using Protocol 3, RelyX (10 ± 6) showed the highest result, followed by TheraCem (7 ± 2) and Panavia21 (7 ± 2) (p < 0.05). Six months after water storage, TheraCem presented the highest result (10 ± 2) in Protocol 1, while, in Protocols 2 and 3, Tetric (10 ± 2; 15 ± 5) presented the highest result, followed by TheraCem (6 ± 2; 8 ± 3). Adhesion tests using the incremental or bulk method, using moulds, showed the highest results, but removing the mould, and the subsequent ageing, caused a decrease in the adhesion of the resin cements tested on zirconia, probably due to water absorption, with the exclusion of Tetric.

Systematic Review Support software system: web-based solution for managing duplicates and screening eligible studies.

To describe the main functions of the "Systematic Review Support" web-based system for removing duplicate articles and aiding eligibility analysis during the process of conducting systematic review studies. The system was developed based on the incremental build model using the Agile methodology. The software is proprietary source code and was published on a proprietary platform. The architecture of the production environment allows the infrastructure used to increase or decrease according to demand. The system functions are presented with insertion of screenshots of the interfaces of the version for personal computers during the simulation of a systematic review. After importing the files containing the abstracts retrieved from the Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, the system identifies and removes duplicates for later reading and analysis of title and abstract, a stage which can be performed by one or more reviewers independently. After unblinding of reviewers, the decisions on the eligibility of the studies are compared automatically to help the researchers reach a consensus on any disagreements. Results can be filtered and a PDF produced containing the eligible studies. Version 1.0 of the system is available on the web (sysrev.azurewebsites.net) to assist researchers in the initial stages of systematic reviews.

Using prototyping to choose a bioinformatics workflow management system.

Workflow management systems represent, manage, and execute multistep computational analyses and offer many benefits to bioinformaticians. They provide a common language for describing analysis workflows, contributing to reproducibility and to building libraries of reusable components. They can support both incremental build and re-entrancy—the ability to selectively re-execute parts of a workflow in the presence of additional inputs or changes in configuration and to resume execution from where a workflow previously stopped. Many workflow management systems enhance portability by supporting the use of containers, high-performance computing (HPC) systems, and clouds. Most importantly, workflow management systems allow bioinformaticians to delegate how their workflows are run to the workflow management system and its developers. This frees the bioinformaticians to focus on what these workflows should do, on their data analyses, and on their science.RiboViz is a package to extract biological insight from ribosome profiling data to help advance understanding of protein synthesis. At the heart of RiboViz is an analysis workflow, implemented in a Python script. To conform to best practices for scientific computing which recommend the use of build tools to automate workflows and to reuse code instead of rewriting it, the authors reimplemented this workflow within a workflow management system. To select a workflow management system, a rapid survey of available systems was undertaken, and candidates were shortlisted: Snakemake, cwltool, Toil, and Nextflow. Each candidate was evaluated by quickly prototyping a subset of the RiboViz workflow, and Nextflow was chosen. The selection process took 10 person-days, a small cost for the assurance that Nextflow satisfied the authors’ requirements. The use of prototyping can offer a low-cost way of making a more informed selection of software to use within projects, rather than relying solely upon reviews and recommendations by others.

Differentia: Visualizing Incremental Game Design Changes

Small changes in the code and assets of a videogame can have drastic impacts on the player experience. The primary way to discover these impacts is with extensive human playtesting. However, the time and effort expended for playtesting is costly enough that it cannot be conducted after every incremental build of a game. We propose an information visualization technique that approximately reifies a game’s space of interactivity as a static image. Considering incremental changes to the game, our visualizations can suggest what has been effectively added, preserved, or removed from the space by those changes. These visual summary reports would ideally be used in the continuous integration (CI) software development process. We demonstrate a prototype implementation of this visualization on two commercial games, considering both minor and major design changes.

Constructing Hybrid Incremental Compilers for Cross-Module Extensibility with an Internal Build System

Context: Compilation time is an important factor in the adaptability of a software project. Fast recompilation enables cheap experimentation with changes to a project, as those changes can be tested quickly. Separate and incremental compilation has been a topic of interest for a long time to facilitate fast recompilation. Inquiry: Despite the benefits of an incremental compiler, such compilers are usually not the default. This is because incrementalization requires cross-cutting, complicated, and error-prone techniques such as dependency tracking, caching, cache invalidation, and change detection. Especially in compilers for languages with cross-module definitions and integration, correctly and efficiently implementing an incremental compiler can be a challenge. Retrofitting incrementality into a compiler is even harder. We address this problem by developing a compiler design approach that reuses parts of an existing non-incremental compiler to lower the cost of building an incremental compiler. It also gives an intuition into compiling difficult-to-incrementalize language features through staging. Approach: We use the compiler design approach presented in this paper to develop an incremental compiler for the Stratego term-rewriting language. This language has a set of features that at first glance look incompatible with incremental compilation. Therefore, we treat Stratego as our critical case to demonstrate the approach on. We show how this approach decomposes the original compiler and has a solution to compile Stratego incrementally. The key idea on which we build our incremental compiler is to internally use an incremental build system to wire together the components we extract from the original compiler. Knowledge: The resulting compiler is already in use as a replacement of the original whole-program compiler. We find that the incremental build system inside the compiler is a crucial component of our approach. This allows a compiler writer to think in multiple steps of compilation, and combine that into a incremental compiler almost effortlessly. Normally, separate compilation \`a la C is facilitated by an external build system, where the programmer is responsible for managing dependencies between files. We reuse an existing sound and optimal incremental build system, and integrate its dependency tracking into the compiler. Grounding: The incremental compiler for Stratego is available as an artefact along with this article. We evaluate it on a large Stratego project to test its performance. The benchmark replays edits to the Stratego project from version control. These benchmarks are part of the artefact, packaged as a virtual machine image for easy reproducibility. Importance: Although we demonstrate our design approach on the Stratego programming language, we also describe it generally throughout this paper. Many currently used programming languages have a compiler that is much slower than necessary. Our design provides an approach to change this, by reusing an existing compiler and making it incremental within a reasonable amount of time.

A quantitative risk assessment method for synthetic biology products in the environment

The need to prevent possible adverse environmental health impacts resulting from synthetic biology (SynBio) products is widely acknowledged in both the SynBio risk literature and the global regulatory community. To-date, however, discussions of potential risks of SynBio products have been largely speculative, and the limited attempts to characterize the risks of SynBio products have been non-uniform and entirely qualitative. As the SynBio discipline continues to accelerate and bring forth novel, highly-engineered life forms, a standardized risk assessment framework will become critical for ensuring that the environmental risks of these products are characterized in a consistent, reliable, and objective manner that incorporates all SynBio-unique risk factors. In their current forms, established risk assessment frameworks – including those that address traditional genetically modified organisms – fall short of the features required of this standard framework. To address this gap, we propose the Quantitative Risk Assessment Method for Synthetic Biology Products (QRA-SynBio) – an incremental build on established risk assessment methodologies that supplements traditional paradigms with the SynBio risk factors that are currently absent, and necessitates quantitative analysis for more transparent and objective risk characterizations. We demonstrate through a hypothetical case study that the proposed framework facilitates defensible quantification of the environmental risks of SynBio products in both foreseeable and hypothetical use scenarios. Additionally, we show how the quantitative nature of the proposed method can promote increased experimental investigation into the true likelihood of hazard and exposure parameters and highlight the most sensitive parameters where uncertainty should be reduced, ultimately leading to more targeted SynBio risk research and yielding more precise characterizations of risk.

A conceptual model based framework for pragmatic groundwater-quality monitoring network design in the developing world: Application to the Chikwawa District, Malawi

Significant need exists in the developing world to transition from occasional groundwater-quality surveys to routinely sampled groundwater-quality network monitoring programmes that provide better safeguard of resources. Such networks contribute to the sustainable management of water resources, are integral to Water Safety Plans, and underpin delivery of Sustainable Development Goal 6. A framework for groundwater-quality monitoring network design is developed that is pragmatic for developing-world needs and its application is demonstrated using data from the Chikwawa District – Shire Valley aquifer system in Malawi. The step-wise framework is based upon a hydrogeological–hydrochemical process-based system conceptual model. The Chikwawa model developed is built upon our interpreted 2012 and archive 2008–9 major-ion survey data; major-ion data often constitute the most easily available datasets in many areas of the developing world. A versatile, semi-quantitative, approach is adopted which sets bespoke-system ‘Monitoring Objectives’, which are weighted on a scale of 1–5 and then rated against bespoke criteria using a scale of 0–10. This permits development of aggregate ‘Monitoring Potential’ scores at candidate network-point localities. Ideally the process is facilitated by the use of a GIS, although its use is not essential. Monitoring objectives are flexible and typically relate to various perceived risks to groundwater quality; including increasing salinity, anthropogenic activity, etc. The framework, as demonstrated for Chikwawa, allows an incremental build of a prioritised network of points, including a relative estimate of their potential to address the individual monitoring objectives set. The framework methodology is easy to use and adaptable to developing, and developed, world monitoring needs alike. The proposed network for Chikwawa could help pilot transition to a higher resolution national groundwater quality network across Malawi than currently exists. However, attaining the spatial monitoring densities suggested remains challenging due to the investment required in current infrastructure-capacity alongside the need to develop mechanisms that allow network running costs to be met sustainably.

Defect, Microstructure, and Mechanical Property of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated by High-Power Selective Laser Melting

To improve the selective laser melting (SLM) productivity, a high laser power and accordingly adjusted parameters are employed to facilitate a high build rate. Three distinct processing strategies with incremental build rate are developed for SLM Ti-6Al-4V. Various types of defects are investigated. Further studies were carried out by heat-treatment and hot isostatic pressing to evaluate the influence of microstructure and porosity on mechanical properties. The anisotropic mechanical property in horizontally and vertically build samples were observed, which was attributable to the columnar grains and spatial arrangement of defects. Regardless of anisotropy, a post-SLM heat-treatment at 800°C for 2 h produces a combined high strength and ductility.

An empirical study of unspecified dependencies in make-based build systems

Software developers rely on a build system to compile their source code changes and produce deliverables for testing and deployment. Since the full build of large software systems can take hours, the incremental build is a cornerstone of modern build systems. Incremental builds should only recompile deliverables whose dependencies have been changed by a developer. However, in many organizations, such dependencies still are identified by build rules that are specified and maintained (mostly) manually, typically using technologies like make. Incomplete rules lead to unspecified dependencies that can prevent certain deliverables from being rebuilt, yielding incomplete results, which leave sources and deliverables out-of-sync. In this paper, we present a case study on unspecified dependencies in the make-based build systems of the glib, openldap, linux and qt open source projects. To uncover unspecified dependencies in make-based build systems, we use an approach that combines a conceptual model of the dependencies specified in the build system with a concrete model of the files and processes that are actually exercised during the build. Our approach provides an overview of the dependencies that are used throughout the build system and reveals unspecified dependencies that are not yet expressed in the build system rules. During our analysis, we find that unspecified dependencies are common. We identify 6 common causes in more than 1.2 million unspecified dependencies.

A sound and optimal incremental build system with dynamic dependencies

Build systems are used in all but the smallest software projects to invoke the right build tools on the right files in the right order. A build system must be sound (after a build, generated files consistently reflect the latest source files) and efficient (recheck and rebuild as few build units as possible). Contemporary build systems provide limited efficiency because they lack support for expressing fine-grained file dependencies. We present a build system called pluto that supports the definition of reusable, parameterized, interconnected builders. When run, a builder notifies the build system about dynamically required and produced files as well as about other builders whose results are needed. To support fine-grained file dependencies, we generalize the traditional notion of time stamps to allow builders to declare their actual requirements on a file's content. pluto collects the requirements and products of a builder with their stamps in a build summary. This enables pluto to provides provably sound and optimal incremental rebuilding. To support dynamic dependencies, our rebuild algorithm interleaves dependency analysis and builder execution and enforces invariants on the dependency graph through a dynamic analysis. We have developed pluto as a Java API and used it to implement more than 25 builders. We describe our experience with migrating a larger Ant build script to pluto and compare the respective build times.

Assembling A National Health Information Infrastructure: The Case of Vietnam

AbstractDigital infrastructure development and evolution is a topic that has gained increasing interests from researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. Conceptualized as a large scale system transcending boundary of single organisation and involving multiple stakeholders, the evolutionary trajectory of information infrastructure is contingent, unpredictable, and in many cases end up in the so called drifting status quo. Some researchers believe such systems could not be designed but instead should be “cultivated”, a term referring to the process of incremental build and upon something rather than at once and from scratch. This paper explored the four dimensional concept of “architectural knowledge” proposed by Andersson et al. (2008) with the aim to identify additional approaches to cultivation. Using empirical data from a longitudinal and action research project that lasted three years from 2012 to 2014 in building the health information infrastructure in Vietnam, we found out that architectural knowledge could be a powerful lens in understanding generative mechanisms of information infrastructure.

Effect of intermediate adhesive resin and flowable resin application on the interfacial adhesion of resin composite to pre-impregnated unidirectional S2-glass fiber bundles.

This study evaluated the effect of either an intermediate application of adhesive resin or flowable resin application on the adhesion of particulate filler composite (PFC) to glass fiber-reinforced composite (FRC). Unidirectional, pre-impregnated S2-glass fiber bundles (Dentapreg) (length: 40 mm; thickness: 0.5 mm) were obtained (N = 30, n = 10 per group) and secured in translucent silicone material with the adhesion surface exposed and photopolymerized. They were randomly divided into 3 groups for the following adhesion sequence: A) FRC+PFC, B) FRC+intermediate adhesive resin+PFC, C) FRC+flowable resin+PFC. The PFC was applied in a polyethylene mold onto the FRC and photopolymerized. PFCs were debonded from the FRC surface using shear bond test in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). After debonding, all specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to categorize the failure modes. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). A significant difference was observed between the groups (p < 0.05). The highest mean bond strength value was obtained with the application of an intermediate layer of adhesive resin (group B: 19.4 ± 1.1 MPa) (p < 0.05) followed by group A (14.1 ± 0.6 MPa) and group C (10.4 ± 0.8 MPa), which were also significantly different from one another (p < 0.05). Group A exclusively presented a combination of partial cohesive failure in the PFC and adhesive failure between the FRC and PFC. While group B showed large cohesive defects in the FRC, in group C, only small cohesive failures were observed in the FRC. Based on the highest mean bond strength and the large cohesive failures within the FRC, application of an intermediate layer of adhesive resin on the S2-glass FRC surface prior to incremental build up of the PFC seems to be compulsory.

THE UPPER ZONE OF THE BUSHVELD COMPLEX AT ROOSSENEKAL, SOUTH AFRICA: GEOCHEMICAL STRATIGRAPHY AND EVIDENCE OF MULTIPLE EPISODES OF MAGMA REPLENISHMENT

Drill core from a fence of five boreholes located in the vicinity of Roossenekal, in the eastern limb of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, provides complete coverage of what is probably one of the thickest and most well-developed sections of the Upper Zone. The lowermost portions of the Rooiberg Group felsites that overlie the Upper Zone, and the uppermost portion of the Upper Main Zone, which forms the footwall, were also intersected. Field relationships from floor-attached domes (eastern limb) and gap areas (western limb) reveal a marked angular unconformity at the base of the Upper Zone. The Upper Zone represents a discrete intrusive event and should not be interpreted as a continuum, or the fractionated residue of the underlying components of the Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS). A new subdivision of the Upper Zone into five subunits (A through E) is proposed on the basis of the cumulus mineralogy and whole-rock geochemistry, the latter based on samples at an average vertical spacing of 20 m throughout the column at Roossenekal. The separation of subzones A and B is based on our geochemical data, as is the identification of subzone E, but recognition of subzones C (olivine) and D (apatite) is broadly consistent with the detailed mapping and stratigraphic column presented by Von Gruenewaldt (1973). Subunits A through D reveal macro-layering for which the intrusion is so well known. More than 40 individual Ti-magnetite layers were identified in the drill-core, which together with the numerous anorthosite layers, are the most prominent feature of this part of the column. The principal lithology is a somewhat monotonous sequence of ferrogabbro or magnetite-olivine gabbro. The absence of Ti-magnetite layers and anorthosite from subzone E, which is dominated by diorite with <5 modal % Ti-magnetite is significant. The whole-rock geochemical data presented here is not consistent with a closed system fractionation hypothesis for subunits A through D, despite this being widely accepted in recent contributions. An upward differentiation trend is preserved only in subunit E. The incremental build up of cumulates from successive pulse of magma is not only consistent with our views on the underlying layered cumulates (periods of closed system differentiation are rare) but is also consistent with field relationships, including each of the principal limbs representing individual sill-like features. The Upper Zone crystallized from batches of iron-rich tholeiitic magma derived from a deep staging chamber. Magma was injected as near-lateral flows, probably in a southward direction in the eastern limb. The introduction of evolved magma into a shallow crustal environment resulted in the early crystallization of Fe-Ti oxides. Ti-magnetite layers crystallized from oxide-rich slurries intruded near the floor of the chamber. Fe-Ti oxide pipes formed from slurries forced downward in areas of structural weakness. The regular, albeit step-like, upward change in composition of the Ti-magnetite layers identified by Molyneux (1974) and others is ascribed to mixing of crystal-rich magma slurries with increasingly differentiated resident magma: the lowermost layers (and pipes) contain the highest concentrations of V2O5. The spatial association of Ti-magnetite layers and anorthosite is emphasized and we suggest the latter formed as a consequence of disequilibrium partial melting of earlier formed silicate cumulates due to heat associated with new pulses of magma.

Grey New Information Unbiased GOM(1,1) Model Based on Opposite-Direction Accumulated Generating and its Application

Monotonically decreasing sequence data for the use of traditional modeling methods to establish the grey model accuracy is not high, grey GM (1,1) model, there is a deviation, the model does not meet the conditions for coordination, generated using the definition of reverse accumulation, full use of system information and unbiased grey GM (1,1) model parameters of the model derived formula, based on reverse incremental build new interest generated by an unbiased model grey GOM (1,1) model for the grey model provides a new method. Data processing examples show that the model's practicality and reliability.

The influence of flowable composite liner on microleakageof class II packable composite resin restoration withdifferent application techniques (Comparative study)

Background: This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate and compare the influence of flowable composite and different application techniques of class II packable composite restoration on dentinal leakage. Materials and methods: Thirty human freshly-extracted Maxillary premolars were selected for this study. Conventional Class II MOD cavities were prepared in the sample teeth which were then divided into five groups .Each group consist of ten boxes either MO or DO according to the restorative procedure used except group A which consist of twenty boxes(ten teeth with MOD amalgam restoration). Group A: ten teeth where restored by amalgam- (SDI Australia) high strength admix amalgam type.Group B: ten teeth in which the mesio-occlusal (MO) sides were restored by {adhesive + flowable composite + one bulk packable composite (Filtek P60)}. Group C: ten teeth in which the disto-occlusal (DO) sides were restored by {adhesive +one bulk packable composite, (Filtek P60)}.Group D: ten teeth in which the mesio-occlusal (MO) sides were restored by {adhesive + flowable composite + successive build up technique for packable composite, (Filtek P60)}. Group E: ten teeth in which the disto-occlusal (DO) sides were restored by {adhesive+ successive build up technique for packable composite, (Filtek P60)}. After thermocycling and immersion in 2% methylene blue, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally mesio-occluso-distal and dye penetration was evaluated using a stereomicrscope, microleakage was recorded in mm. Results and Conclusions: ANOVA test and least significant difference (LSD) test were used to analyze the results, and the results showed that the use of flowable composite resin as a liner with packable composite resin decreases the amount of dentinal microleakage, and the restorative technique of packable composite whether it is bulk build up technique, or incremental successive build up technique has no difference on the improvement of microleakge value, and the packable resin composite restoration whatever applied with different application techniques or restored with or without flowable composite it still had or scored higher microleakage than amalgam restoration.

Repair of silorane composite—Using the same substrate or a methacrylate-based composite?

ObjectiveThe study aimed to analyze the shear bond strength of aged silorane composite repaired with the same substrate or a conventional methacrylate-based composite after different mechanical and adhesive surface treatments. MethodsSilorane composite specimens were aged by thermal cycling (5000 cycles, 5–55°C) and randomly assigned to different surface treatments (each group n=16): diamond bur abrasion, aluminum oxide sandblasting, silica coating, or hydrofluoric acid etching. Then, an adhesive system corresponding to the repair composite or a combination of silane agent and the respective adhesive was applied. Silorane composite or a nanofiller composite were adhered onto the conditioned surfaces. In the control group (n=16), silorane composite was adhered to fresh substrate (incremental build up). After further thermal cycling, shear bond strength was tested and failure modes were assessed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/post hoc tests, Weibull statistics and Chi2-test (p≤0.05). ResultsIncremental shear bond strength (control group: 21.0±10.5MPa) was achieved by all groups except those etched with hydrofluoric acid or samples abraded with diamond bur and repaired with the nanofiller composite without silane application. Generally, the application of the silane agent improved repair bond strength of the nanofiller but not of the silorane composite. Cohesive failure was observed more frequently than adhesive failure when the silane agent was applied or when silorane composite was used for repair. SignificanceSilorane composite can be repaired with either the same substrate or a methacrylate-based nanofiller composite but requires mechanical surface treatment and – in case of the methacrylate-based composite – silanization prior to adhesive application.

Iterative rework: the good, the bad, and the ugly

Iterative development can take many forms, depending on the project's goals: iterative prototyping can help evolve a user interface. Agile development is a way to closely involve a prototypical customer in a process that might repeat daily. Incremental build lets developers produce weekly builds of an evolving product. A spiral model can help the team confront and mitigate risk in an evolving product. Each iteration involves a certain amount of rework to enhance and fix existing capabilities (the good). However, excessive rework could indicate problems in the requirements, the developers' skills and motivation, the development processes or technology used, or all of the above (the bad). Exorbitant levels of rework result in truly untenable situations (the ugly). On the other hand, too little rework could indicate insufficient review and testing or too little anticipation of the product features needed to support the next version (bad that can turn ugly). Understanding and correcting the root causes of problems that result from too much or too little rework can significantly increase productivity, quality, developer morale, and customer satisfaction.

Incremental data integration based on hierarchical metadata registry with data visibility

A considerable number of researches have been studied on data integration based on metadata. However, existing approaches require too much cost to build an initial guideline. Most important reason is that the previous researches have not seriously considered the corresponding domain properties such as the data level and the user level. First, it is difficult in practice to create a standardized guideline on the entire data set, if there is a restricted cost given. Thus, a set of data to be integrated should be selected first. However, most databases have no statistical information that may be used to select such a set of data according to its usability. In this paper, we propose LOG (localization-based global metadata registry) methodology to build a guideline and integrate databases progressively considering the domain properties. The key idea is that the priorities of databases to be integrated are determined by the relationship to the domain properties. We also show the implementation by applying it to actual databases in Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, which builds and manages a considerable number of databases on the science and technology in Korea. The LOG provides an incremental build method of metadata registry , and also supports progressive data integration mechanism on the existing distributed databases . It especially gives successful and efficient output on the creation of a standard guideline in the situation where the given cost is restricted.

Incremental data integration based on hierarchical metadata registry with data visibility

A considerable number of researches have been studied on data integration based on metadata. However, existing approaches require too much cost to build an initial guideline. Most important reason is that the previous researches have not seriously considered the corresponding domain properties such as the data level and the user level. First, it is difficult in practice to create a standardized guideline on the entire data set, if there is a restricted cost given. Thus, a set of data to be integrated should be selected first. However, most databases have no statistical information that may be used to select such a set of data according to its usability. In this paper, we propose LOG (localization-based global metadata registry) methodology to build a guideline and integrate databases progressively considering the domain properties. The key idea is that the priorities of databases to be integrated are determined by the relationship to the domain properties. We also show the implementation by applying it to actual databases in Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, which builds and manages a considerable number of databases on the science and technology in Korea. The LOG provides an incremental build method of metadata registry, and also supports progressive data integration mechanism on the existing distributed databases. It especially gives successful and efficient output on the creation of a standard guideline in the situation where the given cost is restricted.