Increasing Sodium Chloride Concentration Research Articles

Complex sulfated galactans from hot water extracts of red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis comprise carrageenan and agaran structures

Hot water extraction from the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis yielded three extracts which showed sulfated galactans with a D:L-galactose ratio non consistent with carrageenan or agaran backbones. The major extract was fractionated by cetrimide precipitation and redissolution with increasing sodium chloride concentrations due to their low solubility. Seven fractions were obtained, and studied by methylation analysis, desulfation-methylation, and NMR spectroscopy of the partially hydrolyzed and the native samples. Fractions with the highest yield were those obtained at high concentrations of NaCl. They comprised both agaran and crageenan structures in considerable amounts. The main agaran structures were β-D-galactose 4-sulfate and β-D-galactose 2-sulfate units linked to α-L-galactose 2,3-disulfate residues, and β-D-galactose linked to α-L-galactose 3-sulfate or 6-sulfate, or substituted with single stubs of β-D-xylose on C3, while the carrageenan structures comprised β-D-galactose (2-sulfate) linked to α-D-galactose 3-sulfate or 2,3-disulfate, and β-D-galactose 2,4-disulfate linked to α-D-galactose 2,3-disulfate. Between the less sulfated fractions, the one obtained by solubilization in 0.5 M NaCl was mainly constituted by agarans, which included 3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactose units. Anticoagulant activity was assayed by general coagulation tests (aPTT and TT), showing a moderate action compared with heparin. This is the first detailed study of the sulfated galactans from the order Bonnemaisoniales.

The viability of spores is the key factor for microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation.

While previous studies mainly focused on the total number of spores as an index to predict the calcium precipitation activity (CPA) of bacterial strains, the effect of viability of spores on microbial-induced calcium precipitation (MICP) has remained highly ignored. Therefore, for the first time, we have attempted to optimize the sporulation process in terms of viable spore production and, most importantly, aimed to build a correlation between viable spores and CPA. The results have shown that for the sporulation of Bacillus sp. H4, starch and peptone are the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. One gram per liter of sodium chloride promotes CPA and production of viable spores, whereas an increase of sodium chloride concentration beyond 8g L-1 significantly reduces CPA without reducing the quantity of viable spores. Exogenous conditions such as seed age, inoculation quantity, and liquid volume only pose slight influence on the sporulation and CPA. Conclusively, the spores produced under optimized conditions are more morphologically uniform and display a 20% increase in CPA compared to pre-optimized spores. Furthermore, by combining the results of heatmap analysis, it can be concluded that not only the quantity, but also the quality of viable spores is important for bacterial strain to develop high CPA and effective MICP process. This study sheds light on the breadth of biomineralization activity based on viable spores and is an imperative step toward the intelligible design of MICP-based engineering solutions. KEY POINTS: • Viability of spores is a key controlling factor in calcium precipitation activity (CPA). • Spores produced under optimized conditions display a 20% increase in CPA. • Quality of viable spores is imperative for bacterial strains to develop high CPA.

Molecular dynamics study on coupled ion transport in aluminium-doped cement-based materials: effect of concentration

The mutual inhibition effect of transport of sulfate and chloride in concrete specimens was determined in a macroscopic experiment. A higher concentration of sulfate has a better inhibition effect on chloride transport and the opposite is also true. In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to explore the effect of concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0 mol/l) on the transport of mixed solutions (sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)) in the main hydration products of aluminium-doped cement-based materials (i.e. calcium–aluminium–silicate–hydrate (C–A–S–H) gel). Sulfate was found to promote the aggregation of other ions to form ion clusters, which can reduce the effective width of the channel entrance and create a ‘necking’ effect, thus reducing the overall transport rate of the solution. With the increase of sodium chloride concentration, sulfate ions in the mixed solution can adsorb more Na+ and Cl− ions, and then form larger ion clusters to block the nanopores. Moreover, with increasing sodium sulfate concentration, a higher amount of sulfate ions existing in the solution makes it possible to form more ion clusters. The results can provide a reasonable nanoscale explanation for macroscopic experiment.

Electroleaching kinetics of molybdenite concentrate of Sarcheshmeh copper complex in chloride media

The kinetics of molybdenum and copper extraction from Sarcheshmeh molybdenite concentrate (Kerman, Iran) was studied by electroleaching process in batch mode. The effects of several critical parameters including sodium chloride concentration, pH, temperature, time, operating voltage, and the sodium carbonate addition on the molybdenum and copper extraction from the concentrate were investigated. Results showed that the molybdenum extraction significantly increased by increasing sodium chloride concentration, temperature, time, operating voltage, and sodium carbonate addition during the process. While with increasing pH, the molybdenum extraction decreased. Maximum molybdenum extraction (89%) was obtained at the sodium hypochlorite concentration of 30 g/L, the pH of 9, the temperature of 50 °C, operating voltage of 5 V, and reaction time of 4 h. Copper extraction was determined 17.5% in 30 min, which decreased to 3.9% over 8 h. It was found that carbonate ions added to the electroleaching process had a significant effect on molybdenum extraction. Also, carbonate ions might prevent hypochlorite decomposition by stabilizing copper (III) ions. The catalytic compounds of copper precipitate simultaneously with the catalytic decomposition of the hypochlorite. Kinetic studies have shown that the dissolution of molybdenite concentrate is described by a shrinking core model controlled by a chemical reaction. The activation energy for the electroleaching process of molybdenite concentrate was determined to be 29.4 kJ/mol. It seems that electroleaching is an efficient, green, and selective process for treating molybdenite concentrates.

Optimization of Dechlorination Experiment Design Using Lightweight Deep Learning Model.

This exploration intends to remove chloride ions in production and life, enhance buildings' durability, and protect the natural environment from pollution. The current dechlorination technology is discussed based on the relevant theories, such as the lightweight deep learning (DL) model and chloride ion characteristics. Next, data statistics and comparative analysis methods are used to study the adsorption and desorption performance of dechlorination adsorbents. Finally, the lightweight DL model is introduced into the chloride diffusion prediction experiment of slag powder and fly ash concrete. The results show that in the study of dechlorination adsorption performance, the chloride ion concentration decreases gradually with the extension of adsorption time. However, with the increasing temperature, the chloride ion removal rate is increasing. The removal rate of chloride ions in water can decrease slowly with the increase of adsorbent. Therefore, selecting the 2 mol/L sodium hydroxide as the alkali concentration for adsorbent regeneration is the most appropriate. Besides, the regeneration performance of the adsorbent gradually declines with the increase of sodium chloride concentration in the solution. The lightweight DL model is applied to the chloride diffusion prediction experiment of slag powder and fly ash concrete. It is found that when the curing age is selected at 18 days, 90 days, and 180 days, respectively, the error between the lightweight DL model and the experimental results is about 0.2. It shows that the lightweight DL model is feasible for predicting the diffusion of chloride ions. Therefore, this exploration designs and studies the dechlorination experiment based on the lightweight DL model, which provides a new theoretical basis and optimization direction for removing chloride ions in the future industry.

Preparation of Slow-Release Insecticides from Biogas Slurry: Effectiveness of Ion Exchange Resin in the Adsorption and Release of Ammonia Nitrogen

The insecticidal ingredient in a biogas solution being fully utilized by cation exchange resin to produce slow-release insecticide is of great social value. In this work, the feasibility of ammonia nitrogen in a biogas slurry loaded on resin as a slow-release insecticide was evaluated by studying the effect of adsorption and the slow release of ammonia nitrogen by resin. The effects of the ammonia nitrogen concentration, resin dosage, adsorption time and pH value on the ammonia nitrogen adsorption by the resin were studied. The results showed that the ion exchange resin had a good adsorption effect on the ammonia nitrogen. With the increase of the resin dosage, time and ammonia nitrogen concentration, the adsorption capacity increased at first and then stabilized. The ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity reached its maximum value (1.13 mg) when the pH value was 7. The adsorption process can be fitted well by the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation and quasi-second-order kinetic model. Additionally, the release rate of the ammonia nitrogen increased with the increasing sodium chloride concentration. The adsorption capacity of ammonia nitrogen by the D113 (resin type) resin decreased by 15.8% compared with the ammonium chloride solution. The report shows that the ion exchange resin has a good adsorption effect on ammonia nitrogen, which is of guiding significance for expanding the raw materials for slow-release insecticides, improving the utilization rate of biogas slurry and cleaner production of slow-release insecticides from biogas slurry. Additionally, all variables showed statistical differences (p < 0.05).

Polystyrene-based Amphoteric Diblock Copolymers with Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST) in Aqueous Solutions

Amphoteric diblock copolymers (S10Vn, n = 5, 10, and 20) composed of anionic poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate) and cationic poly(vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride) blocks were prepared via a controlled radical polymerization method. S10V10 was insoluble in pure water owing to its electrostatic interactions, but S10V5 and S10V20 were soluble in pure water. S10V5 and S10V10 exhibited upper critical solution temperature behaviors, and the transition temperature decreased with increasing sodium chloride concentration.

Effect of sodium chloride on the thermodynamic, rheological, and microstructural properties of field pea protein isolate/chitosan complex coacervates

The effect of increasing sodium chloride concentration (cNaCl, 0–0.4 M) on the formation and rheological and microstructural properties of field pea protein isolate (FPPI)/chitosan (Ch) complex coacervates was investigated. The maximum turbidity and zeta potential of FPPI/Ch mixtures consistently decreased with the increasing cNaCl. The tertiary conformation of FPPI was altered to facilitate the aggregation of FPPI/Ch complexes via hydrophobic interactions. Changes in thermodynamic parameters during the titration of FPPI with Ch confirmed the addition of NaCl could cause the inhibition of electrostatic complexation and the induction of non-Coulombic interactions. FPPI/Ch complex coacervates exhibited first enhanced and then weakened viscoelastic properties and an initially tightened and then a loosened microstructure as the cNaCl increased. In summary, appropriate cNaCl favors the formation of FPPI/Ch complex coacervates with improved functionalities via the coordination of promoted hydrophobic interactions and inhibited electrostatic attractions, facilitating the application of this protein ingredient in food development.

Extracting cadmium in the presence of salt: a study on three poplar clones under controlled conditions.

This study aimed at determining the cadmium phytoextraction potential of three Populus alba L. clones cultivated in the presence of increasing sodium chloride concentrations. Plantlets of a commercial and two autochthonous poplar clones were grown in perlite with nutrient solution enriched in CdSO4 (50 and 100 μM) and NaCl (25 and 50 mM), administered either alone or in combination. The three clones showed significant variation not only in cadmium and salt tolerance, accumulation and content, but also in the effect of the interaction between the two elements on these parameters. The toxic effect of Cd and salt excess on plants was mutually exacerbated by the presence of both. Even though the outcome of the joint treatment was always a decrease in shoot Cd or Na accumulation, the three clones showed variation in the extent of such reduction. Evaluating the total element content per plant shoot, the fast-growing commercial clone displayed the highest phytoextraction potential for Cd and Na, either alone or in mixture. Our results demonstrated for the first time that the Cd response in presence of salt can vary in the different clones.

Effects of Sodium Chloride on Tyramine Production in a Fermented Food Model and its Inhibition by Tyrosine-degrading Lactobacillus plantarum JA-1199.

Tyramine is a health-adverse biogenic amine, which can accumulate in fermented foods like cheese by decarboxylation of the free amino acid tyrosine by either starter cultures or resident microbes such as lactic acid bacteria including Enterococcus spp., respectively. Our study aimed to show the effect of sodium chloride concentrations on tyramine production as well as to characterise bacterial strains as anti-tyramine biocontrol agents in a 2 mL micro-cheese fermentation model. The effect of sodium chloride on tyramine production was assayed with tyramine producing strains from eight different species or subspecies. Generally, an increase in sodium chloride concentration enhanced tyramine production, e.g. from 0% to 1.5% of sodium chloride resulted in an increase of tyramine of 870% with a Staphylococcus xylosus strain. In the biocontrol screening among lactic acid bacteria, a Lactobacillus plantarum JA-1199 strain was screened that could consume in successful competition with other resident bacteria tyrosine in the micro-cheese model as a source of energy gain. Thereby tyramine accumulation was reduced between 4% to 99%. The results of this study disclose a feasible strategy for decreasing tyramine concentration and increasing the safety level of fermented food. It is an example of development and application of bacterial isolates as starter or protective cultures in food, a biocontrol topic, which Oreste Ghisalba - in his project evaluation function of SNF and later on CTI - was promoting with great emphasis in our ETH Food Biotechnology research group.

Short-term elemental release from Portland cement concrete in hypersaline leaching conditions

In the context of the long-term safety assessment of high-level nuclear waste (HLW) disposal, the initial release of metal ions from cementitious materials used as technical barriers is of great interest due to their possible interactions with HLW radionuclides (e.g. influencing the retention behaviour of radionuclides in engineered and natural barriers) due to water ingress. In the geochemical conditions in northern Germany, the porewater is of very high salinity, with salt contents of up to 2·5 M. In this work, the elemental composition of leaching water (with different types and amounts of salt) after 24 to 72 h contact with concrete was studied in order to simulate different water intrusion scenarios. It was found that in, addition to the main concrete elements (calcium, silicon, aluminium and iron), many trace elements were quantified in the concrete leachate. The influence of the concrete grain size in the leaching experiment showed that the use of particles <100 μm is necessary to obtain reproducible results. The influences of different solution salinities and the addition of calcium chloride and sodium sulfate on the leaching process were examined. For most elements, an increase in sodium chloride concentration enhanced the leaching process.

Application of sodium chloride and quince seed gum pretreatments to prevent enzymatic browning, loss of texture and antioxidant activity of freeze dried pear slices.

In the study the effect of sodium chloride and quince seed gum solutions as immersion pretreatment to prevent enzymatic browning reaction in pear slices before freeze drying was evaluated. Four levels of gum concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%) and three concentrations of salt (0%, 0.25% and 0.5%) were used. Subsequently, freeze drying method was used to dry the pear slices and the qualitative, structural and sensory characteristics of dried pear slices were investigated. The moisture content of the dried pear slices decreased significantly with increasing sodium chloride concentration, while increasing the concentration of the gum significantly increased the moisture content (P < 0.05). Use of both immersion pretreatments were effective in maintaining the antioxidant activity and reducing browning index of the slides and with increasing concentration of the immersion solutions, the antioxidant activity loss decreased in the slices (P < 0.05). Electron microscopy study revealed that the microstructural changes of the drying process on the slices are very slight, although gum pre-treatment at the high levels made a layer on the surface of the pear slices which slowed down the transfer of water vapor molecules. By considering the results of qualitative, structural and sensory evaluations, using of immersion pretreatment with 0.25% gum and 0.25% salt solution to prevent enzymatic browning along with preserving the quality properties of pear slices prior to the drying process is recommended. SEM of cross section of dried pear slices after processing.

Sodium Chloride Inhibits Acrylamide Formation During Deep Fat Frying Of Plantain

Processing is often essential in order for food to become comestible and delectable e.g. addition of salt to food during frying to improve its taste. Acrylamide is formed during processes which occur at high temperature. This study ascertains that sodium chloride (NaCl) prevents the formation of acrylamide. It also compares the effects of different concentrations of table salt on formation of acrylamide during deep frying process of plantain. Test samples were treated by immersion in 1%, 5% and 10% sodium chloride for 60 minutes at room temperature before frying. Fried and raw plantain samples were evaluated for their asparagine and acrylamide content. The results showed frying causes acrylamide synthesis in plantain. The acrylamide concentration decreased with reducing pH values and increasing sodium chloride concentration. At 5% and 1% concentration of NaCl, there was no significant difference in the amount of acrylamide formed. The result of this study also revealed that the concentration of acrylamide in plantain significantly decreased (p<0.05) by 98.9% in ripe plantain and 35.4 % in unripe with the addition of 10% sodium chloride. Hence, sodium chloride at a high concentration reduces the formation of acrylamide.

Purification, characterization and anticancer efficiency of L-glutaminase from Aspergillus flavus.

The aim of this work was to purify L-glutaminase from Aspergillus flavus. The enzyme was purified 12.47-fold from a cell-free extract with a final specific activity of 613.3 U/mg and the yield was 51.11%. The molecular weight of the enzyme, as estimated by SDS-PAGE, was found to be 69 kDa. The maximal activity of L-glutaminase was recorded at pH 8 and 40°C. The highest activity was reported towards L-glutamine as substrate, with an apparent Km value of 4.5 mmol and Vmax was 20 Uml-1. The enzyme was activated by Na+ and Co2+, while it was greatly suppressed by iodoacetate, NEM, Zn2+ and Hg2+ at 10 mM. L-glutaminase activity increased with a gradual increase of sodium chloride concentration up to 15%. In vivo, the median lethal dose (LD50) was approximately 39.4 mg/kg body weight after intraperitoneal injection in Sprague Dawley rats. Also, L-glutaminase showed no observed changes in liver and kidney functions and hematological parameters on rates. Purified A. flavus L-glutaminase had neither a cognizable effect on human platelet aggregation nor hemolytic activity. In addition, MTT assay showed that the purified L-glutaminase has a high toxic impact on Hela and Hep G2 cell lines with an IC50 value 18 and 12 μg/ml, respectively, and a moderate cytotoxic effect on HCT-116 and MCF7 cells, with an IC50 value 44 and 58 μg/ml, respectively.

Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibria of the Ternary System (NaCl + CH3OH + H2O) at 298.15, 308.15, 318.15 K, and 0.1 MPa

The phase equilibrium of the ternary system (NaCl + CH3OH + H2O) at 298.15, 308.15, 318.15 K, and 0.1 MPa has been investigated by the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. Solubilities and physicochemical properties including refractive index (nD) and density (ρ) in the ternary system were determined experimentally. According to the experimental data, the phase diagrams and diagrams of physicochemical properties versus sodium chloride concentration in the solvents at 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K were plotted, respectively. The experimental results showed that the system did not cause stratification and the equilibrium solid phase was anhydrous sodium chloride. Neither double salt nor solid solution was found at the three temperatures. The physicochemical properties of the ternary system change regularly with the increase of sodium chloride concentration in the solution, and the solvation effect of CH3OH on NaCl was significant. Moreover, the calculated values of NaCl solubility data based on the CNIBS/R-K equations agreed well with the experimental results, and the thermodynamic functions in the dissolution process of NaCl in the CH3OH-H2O binary system were also calculated for further investigation of NaCl dissolution process.

Оптимизация первой стадии синтеза эноксапарина методом гидролитической деполимеризации нефракционированного гепарина

Исследована первая стадия получения низкомолекулярного гепарина (эноксапарина) методом гидролитической деполимеризации нефракционированного гепарина, которая заключается в химическом взаимодействии исходного гепарина с хлоридом бензетония в водно-солевых (NaCl) растворах. Показано, что с повышением концентрации хлорида натрия у нефракционированного гепарина определяется большее количество кислотных эквивалентов. Вероятно, это связано с влиянием ионной силы раствора на конформацию макромолекулы гепарина, что подтверждается данными метода динамического рассеяния света. Средний размер наблюдаемых центров светорассеяния в водных растворах гепарина падает с увеличением концентрации хлорида натрия. Показано, что для ускорения очистки гепарината бензетония от исходных реагентов, а также для снижения количества промывных вод целесообразно применять промывание водой, а не растворами хлорида натрия, а также использовать ультразвуковую обработку. Состав полученных и очищенных образцов гепарината бензетония подтвержден методом 1H ЯМР.

Experimental Study of the Microstructural Evolution of Glauberite and Its Weakening Mechanism under the Effect of Thermal-Hydrological-Chemical Coupling

The microstructures of rock gradually evolve with changes in the external environment. This study focused on the microstructure evolution of glauberite and its weakening mechanism under different leaching conditions. The porosity were used as a characteristic index to study the effect of brine temperature and concentration on crack initiation and propagation in glauberite. The research subjects were specimens of ϕ3 × 10 mm cylindrical glauberite core, obtained from a bedded salt deposit buried more than 1000 m underground in the Yunying salt formation, China. The results showed that when the specimens were immersed in solution at low temperature, due to hydration impurities, cracks appeared spontaneously at the centre of the disc and the solution then penetrated the specimens via these cracks and dissolved the minerals around the crack lines. However, with an increase of temperature, the dissolution rate increased greatly, and crack nucleation and dissolved regions appeared simultaneously. When the specimens were immersed in a sodium chloride solution at the same concentration, the porosity s presented gradual upward trends with a rise in temperature, whereas, when the specimens were immersed in the sodium chloride solution at the same temperature, the porosity tended to decrease with the increase of sodium chloride concentration. In the process of leaching, the hydration of illite, montmorillonite, and the residual skeleton of glauberite led to the expansion of the specimen volume, thereby producing the cracks. The diameter expansion rate and the expansion velocity of the specimen increased with temperature increase, whereas, due to the common-ion effect, the porosity of the specimen decreases with the increase of sodium chloride solution concentration.

Poly-ethylene-vinyl alcohol microgels prepared through salting out: Rationalizing the aggregation process and tuning the microstructural properties

The ion-specific effect on the solubility of macromolecules in water, rationalized through the Hofmeister series, can be used as an effective method to obtain polymer particles with desired microstructural properties thanks to the so-called salting out effect. By choosing the proper salt and optimizing the polymer and the salt concentration, it is possible to tailor the particle structural features like the radius and the degree of compactness and to speed up the aggregation process until complete conversion from free chains to aggregates. Here we rationalize the segregation of poly-ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) chains in the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl). The effect of polymer and salt concentrations on the kinetics and the thermodynamics of the aggregation process is considered. In particular, we show how such parameters influence the microstructural properties of the particles through a combination of light and neutron scattering techniques as well as microscopy. We found that by increasing sodium chloride concentration it is possible to speed up the aggregation process, obtaining a complete conversion from free chains to aggregates at shorter times, whereas increasing poly-ethylene-vinyl alcohol concentration from 0.70% w/w to 1.30% w/w determines an increase of the microgel size of a two-times factor. Moreover, NaCl concentration directly affects both the packing degree of the polymer chains within the aggregate and the morphology of the polymer particle, leading to a more compact structure at higher NaCl concentrations. Understanding how it is possible to tune both aggregation kinetics and EVOH particle microstructure is fundamental in order to give a general picture which could be broadened to the class of vinyl alcohol-based polymers.

Hydrodistillation condition adjustment for different material particle sizes: a method to increase batch-to-batch quality consistency

Varying material particle sizes represent a common contributing factor to the batch‐to‐batch variation of extraction yields. To increase the batch‐to‐batch quality consistency of extracts, a method was proposed to adjust the extraction conditions for different material particle sizes, taking the hydrodistillation extraction process of Radix Curcumae and Fructus Gardeniae as a case study. Statistical models were built for five sesquiterpenes including curcumenone, curcumenol, curdione, curzerenone and furanodienone, to quantitatively describe the effects of particle size and process parameters on their extraction yields. An increase in sodium chloride concentration remarkably increased the yields of curcumenone and curcumenol, and a larger solvent‐to‐solid ratio increased the yields of five sesquiterpenes. Under the adjusted process parameters for two different particle sizes, the yield for each compound was controlled to fall in the 90–110% target range. The proposed method can be applied to various extraction processes of foods and herbal medicines.

Screening of winter triticale genotypes for resistance to salinity in the shoot apical meristem culture

Purpose. To conduct in vitro screening of different genotypes of winter triticale for resistance to salinity in the shoot apical meristem culture. Methods. Plant tissue culture in vitro, in vitro breeding, statistical analysis. Results. It was found that the increase of sodium chloride concentration from 0.6 to 1.5% resulted in inhibition of the callus culture growth in all genotypes that was indicative of the toxic effect of the stress factor. It turns out that 1.2% sodium chloride concentration allowed to differentiate triticale genotypes for salt tolerance. The line ‘38/1296’ appeared to be the most resistant to salinity stress because under breeding conditions calli of this genotype were characterized by higher morphogenetic potential, had the highest crude mass increase, and plants-regenerants were obtained only from explants of this line after cultivation on the medium containing 1.5% sodium chloride. The ‘ADM 11’ variety was the most sensitive to saline stress as mass necrosis and lack of regenerative ability in its calli were observed under breeding conditions. In the studied forms, genotypic dependence of morphogenesis processes in vitro culture was registered. From the induced calli, plants-regenerants were obtained, and their completion of growing, root development and transfer to in vivo conditions were optimized. Conclusions. Genotypic response to salinity stress in the culture of shoot apical meristems of winter triticale was expressed by various crude mass increase and different morphogenetic potential on exposure to a stress factor. The line ‘38/1296’ can be used as a valuable material for further breeding of winter triticale. The culture of shoot apical meristems is recommended to apply as a test system for screening of triticale genotypes for resistance to salinity stress